Zhang Junqiu's style characteristics and precautions for singing

Mr. Zhang Junqiu, one of the "Four Little Famous Dans", founded Zhang Paidan's horn singing art, is a strange flower in the treasure house of Peking Opera art. Since the 1960s, no matter which faction of Danjiao actors, almost all of them will sing a few Zhang Pai, and it is not too much to say that there is no Dan and no Zhang.

In his early years, Mr. Zhang Junqiu was a sweet and crisp voice, with the Wang Sect as the sect and the representative repertoire of various factions such as Mei, Shang and Cheng. With the conditions of his voice, Xuemei, Shang, and Wang Pai will be excellent, but he chose to go his own way. His voice was not as wide as mr. Mei and Shang, so he boldly reformed, absorbing the characteristics of Western bel canto singing, and fully mobilizing the resonance of the mouth and chest cavity on the basis of maintaining a high position of voice focus, so that the voice appeared more generous. The singing method is also more emphasis on rhyme than before, using more breech tones, sweet and crisp tones are slightly converged, the pronunciation parts are flexible and changeable, and some singing methods of Xusheng and Jingxing are drawn up, and a large number of new cavities and new repertoire are compiled, forming a unique Zhang school. It is worth noting that while he pursues a wide and thick tone, the sweet and crisp two tones are not as obvious as before, and these two tones are rare talents among Qingyi actors, so there are still many old audiences who are extremely nostalgic for his early traditional singing methods and do not appreciate his Zhang Pai.

As far as I know, the characteristics of Zhang Pai are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

a) Timbre. The sound quality should be clean and bright, thick and sweet, and the chamber sound should be good, and there should be no flattering sound. It is not this kind of throat that will not be learned, and it will be in vain.

ii) Sound. The two sounds unique to Zhang Pai are essential to embody the Style of Zhang Pai. The "Bo" character "1-21 21 65" of Xi Piru's "Female Solution" "Old Bo Doesn't Go What Do You Love" is a kind of singing method from Xiaosheng, pay attention to the decorative sounds of the upper pick can only be two times, not more or less; the "wind" character "2726765" of "Spring and Autumn Matching" "Wind and Rain" is another, and it should be sung in one beat. Zhang Pai's consonant requires clear notes, flexibility, and lightness, and cannot be vague or dragged with mud.

3) The resonance part is changeable, and the timbre is rich in variation. Zhang Pai's pronunciation, the proportion of head cavity, oral cavity and chest cavity resonance is uniform, and the voice appears very thick. His pronunciation parts are changeable, and he makes good use of the resonance of different parts to change the timbre, often needing to adjust the proportion of large and small resonance chambers in the overall resonance. Sometimes he would sing in a voice similar to the real voice, which required good chest and oral resonance, especially some words of the renchen were often used, such as the "sound" word of "Three High Claps" "Listen to the yakuza for another sound" is almost "measured" by the real voice. He also often circulated the pronunciation parts of a word several times, and the timbre changed back and forth from crisp to wide and sweet, such as the words "Zi", "Cheng", "Three" and "Words" of "Mengjunzi Sincerely Repeated questioning" in "Spring and Autumn Matching", which absorbed the lubrication methods of Ma, Qiu, Cheng and other schools.

iv) End-of-sentence closing. The last word of the phrase is retracted (lifted), put (pressed), mentioned again, and put again at the turn (the effect is similar to the "uh-huh" of the child's cry, which requires a good cooperation between the pharyngeal cavity and the small movements of the lower jaw); then fades into a sound, and the tail note is slightly raised in the shape of a jujube nucleus. For example, the "deep" character of "Liu Lanzhi" "Gou Yan Breathing for Jiao Lang En's Deep Feelings of Righteousness".

5) Avoid singing through the door. Zhang Pai's melody is rich, the singing voice is gorgeous, and the accompaniment is also complex and changeable. In order to highlight the contrast between complexity and simplicity, Zhang Pai often gave certain melodies to the band to vigorously foil, while the actors only sang a few of the backbone tones. For example, the second yellow next sentence, the end of the "3535 651|5 - " must be sung as "3 (53) 5 6 (5) 1|5 - " (in parentheses is Huqin through the door, the actor does not sing). There are two very few examples, one is the "mountain" character of "Emei Mountain" in the "Sacrifice Tower" and the "car" character of the "Seven Fragrant Car" in the "West Chamber", because the tail cavity of these two anti-two yellow characters is eight degrees higher than usual, in order to show the skill, it is necessary to sing the door full, that is, sing "3535 61|5-"; the other is the "Sacrifice Tower" "Should not come down to the mountain to ask for the occasional" and the "side" of the "Female Solution" "To where is the love of grace now", to sing "4 (54) 5 651|5 - ”。

f) Wavy sound. When the sound is elongated, the sound has natural sound fluctuations, and there is a little shadow of the beautiful voice. The amplitude should not be too large, it should not appear to be inaccurate; nor should it be too broken, and it should not be too uncomfortable. Be careful not to shake everything, even in the bel canto singing method is not allowed.

7) Flip sound. Zhang Pai often uses a widely jumped interval to achieve strong dramatic effects, sometimes up to eight degrees. For example, the "mother" character of "Qin Xianglian" "I took the soil as a grave and buried the second old father's mother", and the "face" character of "I can't take care of the shyness and full face" of "Yuanyuan Media".

viii) Gaga. Zhang Pai often uses gadge to express the feelings of the people in the play, but he will never abuse it, nor will he drag it endlessly in the high-pitched area like pulling an alarm, but emphasize the "circle" of the overall line, and there is no polyline on the undulations of the high-pitched area, nor is it excessively extended. "Zhenfei", "Xi Xiang Ji", "Zhao Orphan" and other dramas use Ga tune.

ix) Momentum. Zhang Pai often uses changes in timbre, volume, strength, melody and other aspects to shape the characters, the contrast between strength and weakness is clear, the place where the punch should have the momentum of the Shangpai, and the small cavity must have the delicacy of the Cheng cavity and the softness of the Xun cavity. The skill of one collection and one release is very critical in Zhang Pai, which can be received extremely weakly when received, and continuously; when it is released, the volume can be put to the extreme, and the momentum is amazing. The singing method of Xue Yaping, an excellent Zhang Pai descendant, is more "over", and the embodiment of Zhang Pai's strength is very obvious, and beginners can listen to Xue to find strength. In terms of specific singing and pronunciation, it is best to listen to Mr. Zhang himself and seriously understand.

x) Pronunciation of some words. The charm of Zhang Pai comes from a different way of spitting out words, especially the unique timbre effect of gray pile ruts and renchen ruts. As mentioned earlier, sometimes the tone is very heavy. Ash pile rut has his unique sound effect, and such as "non", "fly", "eyebrow", "Sheng" and other words with f, m as the vowel, when opening the mouth, the lips (or upper teeth and lower lip) first sip a little and then from the middle position to open, not the entire upper and lower lip contact line at once opened at the same time, there is a special charm different from his school.

11) Recite the white cry. Zhang Pai's crying is very special, and pushing out the sound wave with a wave sound that slightly resembles a bel canto vibrato must have a good chest voice support. For example, the "hello" character of "Hey Ya" in "Female Rising Solution", and the "Hugh" character of "Chu Gong Hate" "Three Years of Spring Dream Today Hugh (Wow)".

Xii) Chanting white laughter. There is a laughing sound in the recitation, which is the characteristic of Mr. Shang Xiaoyun, and Mr. Zhang inherited it very well. For example, the "good" character of "Wangjiang Pavilion" rhymes with white "good to be worthy of Qing" and Jingbai "It is really an export chapter" and other sentences have laughter, and the atmosphere of life is strong. In order to pursue a thick sound effect, some actresses leaned the voice position too far away, without a bright and sweet color; others deliberately rolled up their tongues and sang to imitate the wide tone obtained by male actors by chest resonance, and the result was that the words were ambiguous and extremely ugly. These are all problems that need to be avoided.