Carry out land space optimization actions to promote the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin

Dealing with the relationship between production, life and ecological space is not only the need to build ecological civilization, but also the inevitable requirement of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the need to "optimize the pattern of territorial spatial development" and "unswervingly follow the path of civilized development with production development, affluent life and good ecology". The "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of a Beautiful China" issued in December 2023 further clarified that by 2035, a new pattern of land and space development and protection will be fully formed, and a beautiful China with a beautiful ecological environment and green living and production methods will eventually be built. The Yellow River Basin is an important ecological barrier and economic zone on the mainland, as well as an important region for winning the battle against poverty, and plays a very important role in economic and social development and ecological security. Based on the concept of coordinated development of man and land, the rational allocation of production, living and ecological space is an important means and prerequisite for realizing the ecological protection and high-quality development strategy of the Yellow River Basin.

　　1. Alleviate spatial conflicts and strengthen the compatibility of functional attributes

　　Alleviate the contradiction between production and living land. According to different types of production land, the corresponding layout mode is adopted. For the production land where the environment is basically free of interference and pollution such as residential and public facilities, the production-living composite layout mode is adopted, that is, the production and living areas are integrated and interpenetrated, which is not only reflected in the spatial layout, but also in the functions and activities. For example, industrial parks can be equipped with residential, commercial, and cultural facilities at the same time to meet the daily needs of employees and residents. For production land with certain interference and pollution to the environment such as residential and public facilities, an independent production space model shall be adopted, and functions such as production, warehousing, and management shall be reasonably planned to make full use of the stock space resources.

　　Promote the synchronization of production and ecological functions. The traditional production mode is often accompanied by a large amount of resource consumption and environmental pollution, which leads to the mutual restriction of the production function and ecological function of the land space. The relatively limited land resources in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin, coupled with the rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization, have led to the conversion of a large amount of ecological land into productive land. It is necessary to strengthen the greening of production land, actively explore new models such as industrial Internet and intelligent manufacturing, promote the reform of production methods, realize resource recycling and energy conservation and emission reduction, and promote ecological agriculture technologies, such as ecological planting and ecological breeding, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and alleviate the conflict between production land and ecological land.

　　Help to coordinate life and ecological functions. There is a contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in the Yellow River Basin, and with the acceleration of population growth and economic development, domestic water and land use are increasing. In the future, priority should be given to ensuring ecological water use and ensuring the rational distribution of water in major tributaries. Implement a strict water resources management system to ensure the rational distribution and efficient use of water resources between life and ecology. Efforts should be made to improve the living environment, comprehensively consider the size and distribution of the population, and build a networked ecological landscape pattern of "corridors around the city, green wedges introduced, park mosaics, and multi-corridor connections", so as to form a complete and homogeneous ecosystem, and on this basis, improve public service facilities and infrastructure, and realize the coordinated development of life and ecological functions.

　　2. Reduce carbon emissions from the land and build a solid foundation for green development

　　Promote reform and innovation to help sustainable development. The economy of the Yellow River Basin is generally characterized by a pattern of "strong in the east and weak in the west" and "strong in the lower (swimming) and weak in the upper (swimming)". Most of the leading upstream industries are energy resource exploitation and primary processing industries, and the pressure on environmental protection is greater. Relying on the advantages of urban location, industrial base and talents, the middle and lower reaches of cities are actively developing advanced manufacturing, but there is still great pressure on the conversion of old and new kinetic energy. In the future, the development path should be scientifically set according to the resource endowment and location differences of different regions, and the upstream regions should promote sustainable economic development by optimizing the industrial structure, promoting the intensive utilization of water resources, promoting green agricultural technology, strengthening ecological environmental protection, developing circular economy, and strengthening policy guidance and support. The middle and lower reaches of the region should increase investment in green innovation, encourage enterprises to continue to enhance their green innovation capabilities, and promote the Yellow River Basin to achieve a new leap.

　　Strengthen publicity efforts to promote the participation of the whole people in protection. The ecological environment in the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin is relatively sensitive and fragile, and the problem of ecological degradation is becoming more and more serious, resulting in the decline of water conservation capacity. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education of ecological civilization, and more deeply understand the importance of water source protection for the ecological security of the whole river basin and even the country, so that the protection of land and space will be more inclined to maintain the authenticity and integrity of the natural ecosystem. The middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin flow through the Loess Plateau, with fragmented terrain, large ground slope, heavy rainfall, low vegetation coverage, etc., and the problem of soil erosion is more prominent. Cases and experiences of successful soil erosion control should be promoted, such as the effectiveness of governance in Wuqi County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, and Gaoxigou Village, Mizhi County, Shaanxi Province, to demonstrate the positive changes brought about by soil erosion control through examples, and to stimulate the enthusiasm of the masses to participate.

　　3. Improve the management system to ensure the coordination of development space

　　Clarify the planning level and positioning. The Yellow River Basin flows through nine provinces and regions, spanning the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Inner Mongolia Plateau, the Loess Plateau and the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain from west to east. It is necessary to take the national development plan as the guide, the special planning and regional planning as the support, and the spatial planning system of the corresponding levels of local governments at all levels along the Huangcheng City, and under the coordination and coordination of the Yellow Committee of the Ministry of Water Resources, clarify the specific tasks and responsibilities in the governance and protection of the land space in the river basin, and make full use of digital means to establish an information sharing platform in the river basin to realize the information sharing in the optimization of land space in the river basin.

　　Unify planning principles and objectives. As a complete physical geographical unit, the Yellow River Basin has a strong integrity, systematization and synergy in the development and utilization of water resources and the protection and restoration of ecological environment. Only by ensuring that the production, living and ecological spatial planning of different river basins is consistent in terms of goals, can the ultimate goal be achieved. In terms of planning principles, it is necessary to follow the principles of ecological priority and green development to ensure that territorial spatial planning is scientific and sustainable. In terms of planning objectives, it is necessary to establish the ecological goals of protecting and restoring the ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin, improving the ecological service function of the Yellow River Basin, optimizing the layout of the industrial structure and promoting the production goals of industrial upgrading and transformation, and strengthening the life goals of social management and public service system construction in the Yellow River Basin, so as to finally achieve a win-win situation of ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.

　　Clarify planning boundaries and content. Strengthening the spatial governance and improving the land use efficiency of the Yellow River Basin is a complex and systematic project, which is affected by the natural and cultural aspects of different river basins and cities. The boundaries of production, living and ecological land should be scientifically delineated to ensure that the main functions of the overall layout are prominent, and other functions are taken into account. Firstly, according to the structure and function of the ecosystem in the basin, the ecological dominant functions of different regions were clarified, and the areas with important ecological functions were designated as ecological land and protected first. Secondly, the carrying capacity of resources and environment in the basin should be scientifically evaluated, and the production, living and ecological carrying capacity of each region should be clarified. Finally, on the basis of ensuring the consistency and coordination of various plans in the delimitation of land use boundaries, experts are organized to conduct argumentation and review to improve the scientificity and rationality of land use boundary demarcation.

　　"Huang Hening, the world is peaceful." As the space that carries the survival and development of the people along the nine provinces and regions along the Yellow River, the land space of the Yellow River Basin plays an important role in production, life and ecology. In order to achieve the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, it is not only necessary to develop and optimize the land space in a coordinated and orderly manner, but also to form a joint force among the government, enterprises and all sectors of society. Enterprises should strictly abide by national and local laws and regulations on ecological environmental protection and water resources management; All sectors of society should actively participate in promoting ecological protection and balanced social development. The nine provinces and regions along the Yellow River are following the direction of General Secretary Xi Jinping's guidance, making persistent efforts and making long-term contributions to write a new chapter in the ecological protection and high-quality development of the beautiful Yellow River Basin of China in the new era.

　　[Author: Chen Yu, Ph.D., Associate Professor, School of Economics and Management, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry; Liu Shuangshuang, Master Student, School of Economics and Management, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry This paper is a major project of applied research in philosophy and social sciences in colleges and universities in Henan Province: Research on the diagnosis and optimal regulation of ecological-living-ecological space conflict in the Yellow River Basin (2022-YYZD-27)】