For cancer patients, most of the time is spent at home. As the saying goes, "three points of treatment, seven points of nourishment", it can be said that home care and recuperation are very important to the recovery of cancer patients.
So, how to care for patients with malignant tumors at home? This article describes some of the most common nursing methods that cancer patients and their families can learn and use. Like, collect and forward to let more people know.
1. How to care for long-term bed rest?
The most common complication of long-term bedridden patients is the formation of bedsores, local long-term pressure can be used air cushion or cotton pad, and frequent local massage, keep the skin clean and dry, local redness, swelling and ulceration, can be used to apply some syrup, daily with double throat wind spray on the affected area, to avoid infection, change the dressing frequently.
The patient should turn over more often, and family members should also pat the patient's back frequently to reduce the occurrence of pneumonia. Cancer patients who stay in bed for a long time are also prone to muscle waste atrophy, so patients should move their limbs appropriately, and family members should try their best to massage the muscles and meridians for the patients.
Long-term bed rest also leads to abdominal distension and constipation, and family members can massage the abdomen for the patient in a clockwise direction to facilitate the rapid increase of intestinal peristalsis and relieve symptoms.
2. How to care for fever?
Patients with advanced tumors have a lot of fever, and if it is caused by inflammation, they need to be actively treated with anti-infection. The most common is cancerous fever, which occurs at regular intervals every day, usually starts in the early afternoon or early evening, and subsides at night.
The chemotherapy drug pingyangmycin can also cause fever during use, and other causes of fever include biological agents.
When the patient has a fever, the patient should be advised to drink more warm water, or light salt water, or orange juice, which contains vitamin C and potassium, which is very beneficial to the patient.
For those with high fever, warm boiled water or 50% alcohol can be used to rub the bath, and acupuncture points such as Quchi, Hegu, and Dazhu can also be acupuncture. Indomethacin suppositories may also be used to plug the anus with half a granule, preferably about half an hour to 1 hour before fever, or at the same time as chemotherapy drugs and biologic agents to prevent fever.
3. How to care for headache and dizziness?
Cancer patients with headache and dizziness should be alert to brain metastases, especially when nausea, projectile vomiting, poor speech, salivation, crooked mouth and eyes, dull eyes, abnormal delirium, hemiplegia, and urinary incontinence, they should be sent to the hospital for emergency treatment.
It can be taken with Chinese patent medicine Angong Niuhuang Pill, Zhibaodan and the like. Pay close attention to the patient's mental status, pulse, breathing, pupil and other changes, and add analgesics if the headache is severe.
4. How to care for bleeding?
Massive hemorrhage in cancer patients is an acute condition and should be sent to the hospital for rescue. Family members should first ask the patient to be quiet and close their eyes.
If hemoptysis is present, the patient should be placed flat or with the head slightly lowered and the head tilted to the side to avoid blood reflux in the trachea and suffocation, and the patient can be given oxygen if possible.
5. How to care for cancer pain?
Cancer patients suffer from pain, and doing a good job in cancer patients' pain care and overcoming the fear of pain are the most practical problems to alleviate pain and improve the quality of life.
When taking medication as prescribed, patients should be encouraged to relax their brains, relieve their fear of cancer pain, do more recreational activities to distract their energy, and also do exercises to control pain with "movement".
For patients with severe pain in particularly advanced cancer, there should not be too many concerns about the use of narcotic analgesics, because reducing or stopping the use of narcotic analgesics for fear of drug addiction will only lead to aggravation of pain and aggravation of the condition.
6. How to care for the decline of resistance?
Cancer patients are prone to skin infections due to weak constitution and decreased resistance, such as herpes zoster, commonly known as "loincloth", which can be treated orally with Banlan root powder, gentian diarrhea liver fan, etc., pay attention to keeping the skin clean during nursing.
Finally, cancer patients and their families can understand some basic medical knowledge and techniques, which can make the recovery smoother, and patients can also have some simple medical utensils at home, such as stethoscopes, blood pressure monitors, thermometers, massage and acupuncture equipment, disinfection utensils, etc.
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