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【Abstract】With the advent of the post-industrial era of globalization, culture has become an important resource to support the sustainable development of cities, and the planning and construction of cultural space is also regarded as an important path for urban regeneration and transformation and development, and to enhance the competitiveness of urban culture. Seattle is a prime example of the emergence and development of cultural spaces. Based on the development history and international background of Seattle, this paper divides the development of Seattle's cultural space into four stages. From the perspectives of cultural space construction, policy support, and technology integration, it is found that it conforms to the international development pattern, uses cultural space as the engine to promote urban regeneration and development, carries out planning projects that take into account the goal of social equality, and explores the path of cultural space construction relying on advanced science and technology. This can bring useful enlightenment to the mainland's exploration of urban transformation with cultural space as the catalyst: fully understand the role of cultural space in promoting the comprehensive development of cities, customize the cultural space supply model based on itself and taking into account multiple needs, form a three-dimensional and composite cultural space supply path that integrates the old and the new, and continuously improve the institutional guarantee and technical support.
introduction
Culture is an important driver of sustainable urban development. With the advent of the post-industrial era, the traditional industrial urban structure of the West since the Industrial Revolution is facing a transformation, and they regard urban culture as an important means to reshape urban characteristics and revitalize urban economy, and culture has a core leading position in their urban development. UN-Habitat's 2020 World Urban Forum "Cities of Opportunities: Connecting Culture and Innovation" highlighted the urgency of cities to connect culture and innovation in the face of challenges and competition, providing opportunities for creative and innovative individuals and groups to address the challenges of urban development. In 2021, UNESCO and the World Bank jointly released the report "Cities, Culture, CreativityLeveraging Culture and Creativity for Sustainable Urban Development and Inclusive Growth". Emphasize that history, culture, creativity, and cities are all key enablers of social progress.
Cultural space has gradually become an important part of urban planning and construction. Urban space is a container for culture, in which the storage, circulation and innovation of culture take place. The New Urban Agenda, released by UN Habitat III, points out that in the context of globalization, culture and cultural diversity make a significant contribution to the sustainable development of cities and settlements, and should be a strategic priority in modern urban planning to support the rational use of cultural resources. The planning and construction of cultural space is an important engine to enhance the cultural competitiveness and adsorption of cities, promote the sustainable development of cities, and enhance the innovation ability and global competitiveness of cities. For cities facing environmental remodeling and regeneration, a large number of spatial transformation and revitalization projects will provide more employment opportunities and economic returns for people and cities. By combining cultural space with cultural activities, art forms, and emerging scientific and technological means, or injecting new functions into historical and cultural spaces to activate lost carriers, the construction of cultural spaces has gradually become a means to promote residents' cultural interaction, show the spirit of the city, and rejuvenate the city.
Cultural space is rich in attributes and involves many disciplines, and from the perspective of existing research, the definition and research direction of cultural space are different at home and abroad due to cultural differences. In recent years, the study of urban cultural space in China has gradually turned to the optimization of urban cultural space structure. The research on urban cultural space in foreign countries is more inclined to the integration of the spiritual meaning and practical function of cultural space, emphasizing its integration with urban tourism, green ecological space and economic consumption. Wei Wei et al. analyzed and compared the development status of cultural space in international cities from different levels, extracted the experience of shaping cultural space, and pointed out its beneficial enlightenment to the mainland. With the deepening of research, the important role of cultural space in reflecting the current situation of urban cultural development, enhancing the core competitiveness of cities, and promoting urban transformation and sustainable development has been recognized by academic circles at home and abroad, and the connotation and extension of cultural space have been continuously expanded. However, the current research on the mechanism of cultural space on urban development is still relatively weak, and it is necessary to learn from the international experience of developed regions.
Seattle has a short history but a clear cultural context, and has rapidly become a world-famous innovation city after the World Expo, World War, and Economic Depression, and is the cultural, economic, and educational center of the West Coast of the United States. Today, Seattle has a diverse urban population, with people of color accounting for about 35.5% of the city's total population, including Asian, African-American, Hispanic, Latino, American Indian, and Alaska Natives. Its economy is developed, and many Fortune 500 companies such as Amazon, Starbucks, and Weyerhaeuser are headquartered here; Its education level is higher than the average in the United States, with complete cultural facilities, numerous cultural spaces, and a rich variety of large, medium and small cultural activities. Seattle is a typical city that rationally excavates and utilizes urban cultural resources and actively builds cultural space, and its cultural space planning and construction has been continuing the development of the city, which has greatly promoted the regeneration and vitality of the city. Therefore, this paper takes Seattle's urban cultural space as an example to carry out research, expounds the successful experience of cultural space construction to promote urban healing, regeneration and sustainable development, and hopes to provide new ideas for the planning and construction of modern cultural space in mainland China. 1 Analysis of the development stage and value of Seattle's cultural spaceFounded in 1869, Seattle suffered a fire 20 years later, and the city's redevelopment brought thousands of jobs to the people. Seattle was followed by two systematic plans, the first of which was a 1903 Olmsted Brothers' comprehensive system plan for parks and recreation, which integrated parks, athletic fields, and other recreational spaces to allow citizens to fully enjoy outdoor recreation (Figure 1). The second was in 1910, when Virgil Bogue proposed a comprehensive plan for the construction of cultural spaces based on the Olmsted System Plan, with the core of establishing a grand civic and civic center as Seattle's preeminent cultural gathering place. The two plans have made full preparations for the later urban development and the construction of cultural space, on which the cultural space has always run through every stage of depression, rejuvenation, transformation and redevelopment in the process of urban development, and the construction of cultural space and the implementation of policy plans at each stage are in fact important means to solve social problems at that time or cater to the development trend of the city. Therefore, based on the background of urban development, this paper divides the construction of Seattle's cultural space into four stages, which are described below.
Figure 1 Seattle City System Plan proposed by the Olmsted brothers in 1908
1.1 Economic Depression (1929-1940): The "healing" role of cultural space
In the early 1930s, the economic crisis in the United States broke out, Seattle's development stagnated, and entered the Great Depression period, the city's vitality was lost, the people fell into the haze of unemployment, and the spiritual needs of the people were highlighted in the social turmoil. Cultural space is an important place to unite the people's spirit, and its healing effect has become a good medicine to resist crises in this period. Founded in 1914 as a music education for children, the Cornish College of the Art was given a new connotation and responsibility in the 1930s, becoming a place for new forms of theatre, music and performing arts. At the same time, the government implemented the "Federal Project No.1" project to support the development of urban arts and culture, with the aim of creating a new cultural environment to encourage artists to explore new forms and methods of art and culture, and to promote the expression of diverse values. With the support of such policies, a large number of theaters represented by the Green Lake Theater were built and opened, forming a Seattle multiracial music community represented by Jackson Street, which became the core of jazz performance in the area, and at the same time, the development of Seattle's film and symphony music entered a golden age.
In the 1930s, the government encouraged unemployed citizens to participate in the renovation of cultural spaces such as parks, recreation centers, and architectural projects, not only providing employment opportunities for the unemployed and maintaining social stability, but also providing working space for artists to create promising works that could convey positive ideas about life to the citizens. At the same time, the cultural space also serves as a medium for art and culture to reach the public, making Seattle truly a center of art and culture. It can be said that the cultural space during the depression period witnessed and carried the new system and lasting artistic achievements of the development of art and culture at that time, healed the people's spiritual world, and made significant contributions to the rejuvenation of the city. 1.2 Urban Revival Period (1940-1970): Balanced urban suburbanization with the construction of cultural space
After World War II, Boeing's take-off accelerated Seattle's economic recovery, but also brought about problems such as excessive suburbanization and decay of the city's central area, and the government proposed the Seattle Comprehensive Plan in 1956 and the Monson Plan in 1963, respectively, focusing on rebuilding the city center. However, the plan neglected to preserve the city's history and culture, so it was not sustained. At this time, the construction of cultural space has become an important means to balance the suburbanization of the city - through the restoration and reuse of historical and cultural spaces, it has attracted many tourists to visit the city center. Seattle Underground City [The 1889 fire destroyed downtown Seattle, and the rebuilt downtown raised the streets, creating an underground space in the Pioneer Square area that retains the remains of the fire, known as the underground city] The start of the tourist route is a successful example of bringing people back together through the development of the city's underground historical resources. In 1966, the Government also responded to the National Historic Preservation Act and promulgated the Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act, which formally proposed the restoration and revitalization of cultural spaces and the selection of appropriate historic preservation officers. Pioneer Square, where the dungeon is located, became one of the first historic districts to be protected.
In addition to the development of historical and cultural spaces, new cultural spaces are also developing at a rapid pace. Seattle will host the Century 21 World's Fair as an opportunity to build an urban cultural space, choosing a site north of downtown Seattle that spans 12 neighborhoods to renovate the original arsenal and school stadiums, assembly halls and other facilities, as well as the avant-garde Space Needle, open-air venues, the futuristic Key Arena, and the American Science Museum, which is now the Pacific Science Center Sciences Centre) and other buildings and cultural facilities. The Space Needle became one of Seattle's most famous landmarks at the time and today, and the area was transformed into a powerful cultural center with more than 30 cultural, educational, athletic, and entertainment organizations after the Expo.
In the past 30 years, the construction of cultural spaces with the theme of protection, restoration and reconstruction has preserved the historical and cultural spaces represented by Pioneer Square and Pike Place Market, which have gradually recovered under the guidance of government policies. The new Space Needle redefines Seattle's skyline as the tallest building, and the subsequent construction of a new 74-acre (29.95 hm²) cultural center transforms and enhances both the city's physical and cultural landscapes, adding to the city's diverse and inclusive cultural scene. The protection and restoration of historical and cultural spaces and the creation of new cultural spaces have successfully attracted a large number of people, stimulated the economy of the city center, revitalized the vitality of the city center, and curbed the sprawl of the city to a certain extent. 1.3 Transition period (1970-2000): In the 1970s, the construction of cultural space was regarded as an important part of the city's "sustainable development", and the Boeing crisis caused the city to face a major transformation, and sustainable development became an urban lifestyle pursued by Seattle without wasting excessive human and material resources. It has become a top priority to create a good social "soft environment" through the construction of cultural spaces and promote urban transformation and sustainable development. In 1971, the Seattle Arts Commission was established, and the 1 Percent for Art Ordinance was implemented to provide arts funding for arts and cultural projects, greatly enriching Seattle's cultural space. At the same time as the establishment of cultural institutions, many laws and regulations were promulgated. In 1973, to promote the preservation and redevelopment of neighborhoods and structures, the City Council enacted the Landmark Preservation Ordinance, which empowers local governments to preserve historic infrastructure and spaces. Since then, Seattle has established the Pike Place Market Historical District and the Columbia City Landmark, following the Pioneer Square Preservation District District) and more than 450 Landmark Designations (Figure 2). The Land Use Codes Title 23 and Toward a Sustainable Seattle comprehensive plans, enacted in 1982 and 1994, respectively, propose revitalization measures such as using historic districts or landmarks as the city's open space nucleus. The Comprehensive Plan for Sustainable Seattle proposes four core values, namely Community, Environmental Management, Economic Development, Safety and Social Equity, with environmental management focusing on the construction of the natural and human environment, which has been more detailed and specified in subsequent supplements.
Fig.2 Distribution of Seattle historical and cultural preservation areas and historical landmarks
During the transition period, the cultural space has been arranged as a whole, the characteristic cultures of different regions have been preserved and innovated, and the surrounding construction and economic development have been driven by the cultural region as the core, forming urban areas with their own characteristics. Using cultural space as a catalyst to form a diverse and inclusive urban cultural atmosphere not only drives the development of cultural industries, but also attracts many high-tech industrial companies including Microsoft, Amazon, Google, etc., and the city has shifted from a single industrial development model to diversified development. In this process, culture has become a new orientation for urban development, promoting the diversified development of urban economic structure, and the construction of cultural space has become an important support for urban transformation. 1.4 Redevelopment period (2000 to present): Seattle has successfully transformed into an innovative city with the help of cultural space construction to help sustainable urban development enter the new millennium, and needs to strengthen the city's identity and characteristics with the help of cultural space construction, enrich the lives of residents, and build itself into a more dynamic and sustainable model and innovative city. In response to the needs of urban development, many new cultural spaces have emerged. For example, the Central Library, which was opened to the public in 2004, has a unique appearance, a design that breaks through the inherent mode of the traditional library, combines modern electronic technology to introduce creative data search and floor navigation, expands the function of the library, and enables readers to enjoy complete leisure and entertainment functions in addition to reading, and is known as "the most important new library in the 21st century". In addition, there is a pop culture experience hall in the center of the city, and the Amazon headquarters, which has become a landmark of the city. According to statistics, there are 827 cultural spaces in Seattle (Figure 3), including cultural exhibition spaces, cultural production spaces, art education spaces, art management spaces, and cultural supply spaces (Table 1).
Fig.3 Spatial distribution of various cultures in Seattle
Table 1 Classification, connotation and quantity of modern cultural space in Seattle
Based on the multicultural space, Seattle actively combines science and technology to carry out projects such as "Square Feet Seattle", "University District: Public Art & Culture Walking Map", and "Seattle Cultural Heritage Guide". It aims to guide artists and residents to understand and participate in the construction of cultural spaces through digital means. These projects promote social equality, establish multi-ethnic cultural heritage museums, promote multi-ethnic cultures, and support artists of color to display their work in existing cultural spaces. In the "Comprehensive Plan Managing Growth to Become an Equitable and Sustainable City 2015-2035", arts and culture are explicitly part of the city's plan, starting with the city's public art, creative economy, arts and culture education, More systematic regulations and explanations are put forward in the four aspects of cultural space and placemaking. In 2016, Seattle put forward the "30 Ideas for the Creation, Activation & Preservation of Cultural Space" (30 Ideas for the Creation, Activation & Preservation of Cultural Space) - to achieve the goal of creating, activating and preserving cultural spaces by certifying cultural spaces, promoting changes in the planning and construction of cultural spaces, and revitalizing old buildings.
Today, Seattle is full of cultural spaces, with vacant buildings being used as artists' studios, galleries, and more, giving the first impression of "positive energy", with locals saying that "the city's physical beauty, culture and art, and regional economic vitality are fantastic." The 2015 Draft Seattle Comprehensive Plan summarizes the changes that cultural spaces have brought to the city: "Preserving Seattle's unique sense of place, enhancing the city's attractiveness as a tourist hub and creating local jobs, cultural spaces that care for people of color convey the idea of social equality and create a stable social environment." "In the 21st century, the vigorous planning and construction of cultural spaces has become an important contribution to Seattle's sustainable development. 2 Seattle's experience in cultural space planning and construction
Seattle's vibrant arts and culture ecosystem is being recognized nationally, and its growing network of cultural spaces supports it and has a positive impact on many aspects of the city. In terms of improving the city's image, especially in the past 10 years, Seattle has been named the best city for American culture, one of the top 12 art venues in the United States, and one of the top 5 best cities for art and culture in the world. In terms of social life, numerous arts and cultural spaces provide nighttime venues that attract residents and visitors to an environment that stimulates creativity, enhances the uniqueness of the community and enhances the vibrancy of the neighborhood, and some cultural spaces encourage artists of color to prioritize their use, making Seattle a diverse and inclusive city. In terms of the industrial economy, the city advocates for the revitalization of the economy through arts and culture – the development of cultural spaces leads to the development of creative economies and cultural industries, and the vitality of cultural spaces can also have a spillover effect on restaurants and other businesses, and researchers have shown that arts and culture can bring nearly $450 million in revenue to Seattle each year.
Although Seattle's urban cultural space is currently being squeezed by the real estate industry due to rapid economic development, the government is actively proposing coping strategies, such as combining the development and construction of cultural spaces with real estate to maximize the role of cultural spaces. Based on the combing of the construction process of Seattle's cultural space, the author summarizes the following three successful experiences in Seattle's cultural space construction. 2.1 Conform to the trend of urban development and continue to build cultural space
(1) Create new cultural space in line with urban development. Taking major events as the guide is an effective means to build a new cultural space and stimulate the vitality of the city. Take the Second World Expo hosted by Seattle as an example - under the leadership of the government, large-scale infrastructure construction and environmental transformation were carried out before the expo was held, and the important buildings of the Expo were newly built and arranged in combination with the theme of "Future" and Seattle's superior geographical location, creating a new and more dynamic Seattle Center, and successfully creating a city card with natural scenery and technological innovation as the main city. In order to encourage the creation of new cultural spaces, the government also advocates the provision of technical support for the creation of new cultural spaces and assists developers in the construction of new cultural spaces.
and (2) the preservation of historical and cultural spaces in growing communities. Since the 1980s, the government has promulgated laws and regulations to establish eight historical and cultural preservation areas to enhance cultural protection, optimize cultural functions, and ensure the integrity of the cultural space system in Seattle. At the same time, the government emphasizes that the protection and timely maintenance of historic buildings is the key to ensuring their cultural use, so it has made corresponding regulations and financial support for the safety level and seismic resistance of historical buildings.
and (3) the activation of existing cultural spaces to accommodate new cultural uses. The above-mentioned Conish School of the Arts was a children's music school before it became an important place for cultural revival during the Depression, and in order to adapt to the new stage of development, artists spontaneously carried out artistic and cultural creations here, making it the most active cultural space during the Depression. In the early 21st century, the government established four new arts and cultural districts in the early 21st century, dedicated to protecting and revitalizing communities rich in cultural and artistic resources, and at the same time, with the support of non-profit organizations, to develop Seattle's creative economy through cultural districts, make full use of the old cultural spaces for modern cultural and creative activities, provide commercial space for cultural enterprises, and provide living space for artists. 2.2 Take into account the diverse needs of society and implement multi-dimensional policy plans
(1) Gradually realize the full coverage of art education in schools. The Seattle Office of Arts & Culture, Seattle Public Schools and the Seattle Foundation have partnered to implement The Creative Advantage, which aims to increase access to quality arts education for students of all ethnicities, starting with basic education, providing free lunches and special education for all contexts, and enhancing cultural belonging to people of all colors. Provide young talents with advantages for the construction of cultural space. By 2021, the program had been implemented in 81 of Seattle's 104 public schools.
(2) Taking the cultural space as the basis for the implementation of the policy plan, vigorously carry out support programs for artists of various ethnic groups, cultivate talents, and support the creative activities of artists of different races. Cultural institutions such as the Seattle Office of Arts & Culture, 4Culture, and Arts.WA have partnered on Artists Up and the Civic Partners program to provide creative spaces for artists of color, artists with disabilities, budding artists, and low-income artists, with the goal of bringing together all artists, performers, writers, and creative workers regardless of race, class, gender, age, ability, education, country of origin, citizenship, Both religion and sexuality have a platform to express themselves and share their creative processes, artistic and cultural experiences. The implementation of such policies and plans can not only realize the comprehensive use of cultural space, but also support multi-ethnic innovative cultural talents, and provide a foundation for the construction of cultural space in the future.
and (3) cross-sector collaboration to revitalize communities of color. Arts and cultural organizations and the Office for Civil Rights launched the Arts in Parks Program, a program that identifies arts groups and cultural organizations in communities of color, selects culturally rich and diverse communities for financial support, and provides a space for artists to display their art. Led by arts and cultural institutions, urban architects, planners, community organizers, artists, and leaders of cultural organizations have also launched the "Build Art Space Equitably" certification program in conjunction with real estate and other departments to encourage and support the construction of cultural spaces in communities of color and incorporate them into real estate development projects as a means to stimulate innovation in cultural spaces. 2.3 Relying on the advantages of science and technology, expand the path of cultural space construction
Seattle, which is known for its science and technology, is good at taking advantage of its own advantages and integrating technical means into all stages of cultural space planning and construction, improving the scientific nature of cultural space construction, abandoning elite planning, and enhancing residents' sense of participation and experience.
(1) Relying on the big data platform, gradually realize the "one map" of cultural space planning and urban overall planning. Matthew Richcher, a cultural space preservation worker at the Seattle Office of Arts and Culture, believes that cultural space planning should not be a branch of urban planning, but should be placed on the same footing as other plans, and cultural space planning should be viewed from a broader perspective. This idea is now becoming a reality by combining remote sensing, surveying and mapping and geographic information technology means. At present, the land use map drawn in the Seattle geographic information system includes data information such as buildings, land plots, environmental key areas, historical landmarks, zoning, trees, etc., and the continuous improvement of the drawings is gradually moving towards the goal of "one map" for cultural space planning and urban planning.
(2) High-tech innovation channels for public participation, and promote the integration of cultural space planning and creation into people's lives. To achieve effective planning, construction and management of cultural space, the cooperation between various departments is particularly important. Under the auspices of the Office of Arts and Culture, Seattle has established an information sharing platform for interdisciplinary organizations and set up information navigation links between various websites, so as to break down the information barriers between the websites of the Culture Department and other departments. Creating an online platform for developers and users can provide a more convenient way to innovate the use of cultural spaces and communicate the needs of artists, such as between the Seattle Department of Construction and Inspections (SDCI) and the Office of Arts and Culture, which provides an efficient and fast communication bridge between artists and developers on the use of information between websites. Arts and culture practitioners also propose the creation of a dynamic online database that would centralize information on funding, grants and awards available for cultural space projects to facilitate interregional communication. 3 Enlightenment of Seattle Cultural Space Planning and Construction to the MainlandIn the 1990s, the mainland began to highly integrate cultural planning with urban planning, and promoted urban development with culture, and achieved results in the protection and utilization of historical and cultural space, development and creation of new cultural spaces. However, at the same time, there are still some problems, such as: the internal relationship between cultural space planning and construction and urban development is not fully grasped in understanding, there is a certain imbalance in supply, there is a lack of systematization in the construction path, and the institutional guarantee mode is relatively simple, etc. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, culture has become the main driving force for urban development, and we need to attach great importance to the supply of urban cultural space; The long-term goal of 2035 also proposes to "prosper and develop cultural undertakings and cultural industries, and improve the country's cultural soft power" from a strategic and overall perspective. The mainland urgently needs to optimize the planning and construction mode of urban cultural space, fully understand the innovation efficiency of cultural space, formulate multiple supply models, form a composite supply path, and improve the support supply mechanism, so as to stimulate urban vitality. Seattle has made remarkable achievements in the planning and construction of cultural space, and the policies and plans related to the construction of cultural space are very complete, and it can combine science and technology with the construction of cultural space, optimize the means of planning and construction of cultural space, and provide useful inspiration for the mainland to explore the path of coordinated urban development of cultural space construction. 3.1 Correctly understand the endogenous law of cultural space and urban development and transformation, and plan cultural development strategies based on facts, so as to promote the comprehensive development of cities
In recent years, the rapid urbanization of the mainland has given birth to an urban development model that emphasizes economic development and ignores cultural connotation, and the planning and construction of urban cultural space is the same. In the post-epidemic era, "de-globalization" has brought severe challenges to the contraction and reorganization of industrial and supply chains. Strengthening the drive of cultural space construction can promote the rejuvenation of mainland cities and enhance the recognition and competitiveness of cities.
(1) The construction of cultural space provides a new path for the development and transformation of modern cities. In the process of urban transformation, the cultural image of the city should be shaped, the urban IP should be shaped through cultural marketing, the self-confidence of the cultural brand should be enhanced, and the development of the tertiary industry should be promoted. Taking Shenzhen as an example, after the reform and opening up, foreign trade and export processing have driven economic growth, and with the industrial transformation, the characteristic cultural industry can be regarded as the pillar industry of urban development in the future, and the construction of cultural space and the upgrading of creative cultural industry can be considered, so as to continue to maintain an advantage in the development competition of international cities.
(2) The construction of cultural space is a strong support for strengthening the soft power of urban culture and realizing the sustainable development of the city. Culture should not be an additional factor in social and economic development, but should gradually change from a supporting role to a leading role, break away from the development model that relies on natural resources, and innovate new momentum for urban development. Taking Shenzhen as an example, the identity of immigrants as a city brings about "young", "diverse" and "mobile" and other diverse cultures, and through the implementation of the strategy of "cultural strong city", we can actively carry out the construction of cultural space, realize the transformation from a "cultural desert" to a "creative city", create an innovative, open and inclusive urban cultural connotation and spiritual temperament, and solve a series of social problems such as social space differentiation.
3.2 Develop a cultural space supply model that is based on the socio-economic level of the region, in line with its own development, and takes into account the diversity of people
The planning and construction of cultural space in some cities attaches great importance to speed and economic benefits, and this kind of short-term development cannot maintain long-term attractiveness. The mainland is vast, ethnically diverse, and has a complex social composition, so the construction of cultural space must be based on China's national conditions.
(1) Based on the dynamics of urban development, it is necessary to coordinate and adapt to the construction of cultural space. The construction of cultural space is not a day's work, but a process of continuous innovation, which requires comprehensive consideration and systematic planning. The construction of cultural space should not be confined to historical protection, but should correctly understand the connotation of cultural space in the times, and adapt measures to local conditions in combination with the historical accumulation, development stage and cultural characteristics of the city.
(2) Accommodate the cultural space needs of diverse groups of people and ensure the fair use of different social subjects. In the future, it is necessary to respond to the cultural needs of different social entities and ensure the fair use of vulnerable groups such as migrants, low-income people, people with disabilities, and special groups. We should start from daily use, avoid service blind spots, and adopt a cultural space construction model suitable for regional development to improve the service efficiency of cultural space. In underdeveloped areas, low-tech and low-cost planning construction models can be adopted; The supporting cultural infrastructure in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities should respect local beliefs and protect the culture with ethnic characteristics. 3.3 In urban renewal, the vitality of historical and cultural space should be activated, and the stock should be transformed into old buildings to create cultural space, so as to form a three-dimensional composite supply path that integrates the old and the new
In the process of vigorously promoting urban renewal, it is necessary to combine the development trend of modern culture with historical resources, endow the historical space with a suitable new cultural type of contemporary development, and establish a cultural ecosystem that adapts to contemporary development, has multiple functions and has a reasonable layout.
(1) Realize the re-empowerment of historical and cultural space and promote the integration of the old and the new. At present, the urban renewal strategy provides a historical opportunity for the construction of cultural space, and it is necessary to insist on promoting protection with use, analyze and study the modern significance of historical and cultural space, and clarify its role and status in the entire modern urban pattern. Drawing on the idea of Seattle's spatial transformation, the historical space can be activated and reshaped, the reasonable function can be replaced, and on the basis of retaining the original style symbols, it can be adapted to modern needs through addition, renovation and addition of facilities, so as to achieve creative transformation and innovative development in the new era.
(2) Coordinate the old and new cultural spaces to form a hierarchical, networked, and three-dimensional layout. In the future, a combination of agglomeration and decentralization should be adopted, and multi-level cultural facilities should be established to respond to different levels of cultural needs: cultural spaces serving urban and regional development should be highly concentrated and mixed, forming cultural gathering areas; The cultural spaces serving the community are dispersed according to the needs of residents to improve accessibility. 3.4 Explore the rewards, multi-party participation and technical support of the construction of urban cultural space
In view of the current problem of passive construction of cultural space, it is urgent to encourage multiple parties to participate in the construction of cultural space through incentives, and change practical problems such as one-way information transmission and information asymmetry through technical support.
(1) Take multiple measures at the same time to establish a cultural space planning and construction system. It can improve the flexibility and adaptability of technical indicators in the construction of cultural space, provide users with the corresponding floor area ratio value range, establish a corresponding reward system, and appropriately increase the total allowable construction area; Exemptions from relevant codes in terms of building height, structure, pipes and façade may be appropriately granted to cultural buildings within a safe and reasonable range; In addition, tax deductions can be provided for the construction and maintenance costs of cultural spaces.
(2) Establish a multi-party participation model and a map technical support. The digital platform can be used to realize the real-time collection and monitoring of urban cultural space information, improve the public platform of urban cultural space, and allow participants to access platform resources. In the construction of cultural space, the core value of people should be highlighted, and the government, planners, scholars, citizens and other multiple subjects should be actively mobilized to participate in activities closely related to the construction of cultural space, such as consultation meetings and achievement report meetings, so as to build a good situation of "government-capital-scholars-public" multi-party participation, and build a tolerant atmosphere for urban cultural construction. UPI Author: Gao Yuan, Professor, School of Architecture, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology. [email protected]
He Mengkun, Master, Assistant Planner, Shijiazhuang Land and Spatial Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd
Haorong Niu (corresponding author), Ph.D. candidate, School of Architecture, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology. [email protected]
Typography | Xu Dudu
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