Walking the Yellow River "A Few Character Bends" and Writing Green "Three North Love"
Saline-alkali land turned into a "new granary"
——Walking the Yellow River's "Bend" and Writing the third of a series of reports on the green "Three Norths".
Recently, in the wheat field of Quanshun Farmer Professional Cooperative in Xingongzhong Town, Wuyuan County, the tender green wheat seedlings are full of vitality. Zhang Keyi, a villager, bent down and stroked the wheat seedlings and said, "You still have to believe in science when farming." ”
Why did Zhang Keyi express such feelings? Because just a few years ago, it was still a piece of saline-alkali land with cracks and cracks, "watery in spring, yellow seedlings in summer, no grain in autumn, and white in winter".
Located in the golden planting belt at 40 degrees north latitude and at the top of the "bend" of the Yellow River, Bayannur has unique natural ecological advantages. The water of the Yellow River rushes down, nourishing tens of millions of acres of fertile land here, and the geographical advantage of drought and flood protection has made the Hetao irrigation area an important commercial grain and oil base on the mainland. However, due to arid climate, strong evaporation, low-lying terrain, high salt content of soil parent material and groundwater level, as well as long-term unreasonable irrigation system, the salinization of cultivated land is more serious. According to the data, 6,522,300 mu of cultivated land in our city has different degrees of salinization, accounting for 48% of the total cultivated land area and 29% of the salinized cultivated land area in the whole region.
Saline-alkali land is the "stubborn disease" of the land, but it is also a reserve "new granary" with great potential.
Over the years, our city has cooperated with Tsinghua University, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other colleges and universities to study and integrate the "five-in-one" (that is, increasing the application of organic fertilizer to strengthen seedlings, mixing sand to reduce volume, applying desulfurization gypsum to alkali and salt drainage, planting salt-tolerant crops, and applying amendments), "dark pipe salt drainage", "upper film and lower straw" and other saline-alkali land improvement technology models, which have played a positive role in improving the regional ecological environment and promoting economic and social development. The market-oriented operation mode of saline-alkali land improvement in our city has also been listed in the "China's Three Rural Innovation List".
now
The plot that was once barren has been reborn with "alkali".
Farmers on saline land ushered in the spring of sowing
Use technology to "wake up" sleeping land resources
In the middle of spring, in the farmland of Longxingchang Town, Wuyuan County, busy sowing began. Transferred from the laboratory to the field, Li Erzhen, an extension researcher at the Wuyuan County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, had a full schedule.
"Before 2018, it was all saline land with white flowers, and the soil was compact, making it difficult for crops to grow. After several years of saline-alkali land improvement, the average yield of sunflowers here can be increased by more than 50 kilograms. Standing in the saline-alkali land improvement test demonstration area in Longxingchang Town, Li Erzhen said with relief.
Li Erzhen (right), an extension researcher at Wuyuan County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, guides planting Reporter Hu Dongyu/photo
The treatment of saline-alkali land is repetitive, long-term, stubborn and technically complex, and the method should be comprehensively determined according to the causes and local conditions. Clear goals and systematic approaches are needed to ensure sustainable development.
Tian Rongrong, a research assistant from the Center for Ecological Restoration and Carbon Sequestration in Saline-alkali Areas of Tsinghua University, has been rooted in Wuyuan County since 2018 to explore the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land. "After the implementation of the saline-alkali land improvement project, the quality of cultivated land has been significantly improved, the total salt content of the soil has been reduced by 0.3%, and the seedling retention rate has increased by more than 20%. Among them, the seedling preservation rate of severe saline-alkali land has increased by more than 40%, the crop yield has increased by 10%~15%, and the per capita net income level of farmers has increased by more than 10%. Tian Rongrong said.
From the lack of grass to the vitality, the changes of the land condense the continuous struggle of generations of scientific and technological workers. Soil testing and application of amendment technology, carbon-based organic fertilizer improvement technology...... On the display wall of the saline-alkali land improvement expert workstation in Wuyuan County, generations of saline-alkali land improvement technology are intuitively presented in front of people's eyes.
In 2017, the city carried out a comprehensive survey of salinized cultivated land, established a big data platform for salinized soil survey, invited a number of scientific research institutes to cooperate in technical research, and studied and integrated the three core improvement technology models of "five-in-one", "upper film and lower straw" and "dark pipe salt discharge", which provided detailed experimental data and strong theoretical support for the comprehensive improvement of saline-alkali land.
With the progress of science and technology, the concept of saline-alkali land management is also changing. "Now we are promoting soil amendments and straw returning, which can increase the organic matter content of the soil, and the salinity of the soil will be further reduced when the soil nutrients are increased. Salt-tolerant varieties and green production supporting technologies have gradually transformed grain production from the pursuit of high yield to the pursuit of high quality. Li Erzhen said.
Wang Chenglin, a villager from Rongyi Village, Rongfeng Office, Wuyuan County, is a beneficiary of the improvement of saline-alkali land. Referring to the changes in the land in the village, he opened up the conversation: "In the past, our land here was so salinized that almost nothing could be planted, and even if it was planted, the seedling emergence rate was not high. Later, after improvement, the average yield per mu increased by 150 catties to 200 catties, and our income also increased. ”
In the past, the white saline-alkali flats and the golden harvest fields are now bright, and the "sleeping" land resources are gradually being "awakened......
In the Autonomous Region Saline-alkali Land Comprehensive Utilization Technology Research Institute located in Xingongzhong Town, Wuyuan County, Vice President Wang Liping is urging the construction personnel to carry out interior decoration work. The institute is expected to complete internal construction in the near future.
"The purpose of building the institute is to build a talent cluster. Through the construction of a scientific research institution integrating scientific research office, catering and accommodation, scientific research talents can better mature, integrate and promote the comprehensive utilization technology of saline-alkali land here, and do a good job in scientific and technological research, technology maturation, application of achievements, leveraging industry, and serving the society. Wang Liping said.
In addition, the city commissioned Tsinghua University and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences to compile the "Bayannur City 500,000 mu of salinized cultivated land (300,000 mu of high-standard demonstration) treatment technical plan", etc., to provide scientific and technical support for the improvement of salinized cultivated land.
Implement the pilot project of comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali cultivated land in the whole irrigation area
From low yield to high yield, from high yield to high quality, in recent years, the improved saline-alkali land has become a "potential stock" for expanding the capacity, improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of cultivated land in the Hetao irrigation area. Our city explores the formation of a "high-standard farmland + saline-alkali land improvement" model, that is, the improvement of saline-alkali land and high-standard farmland are planned and promoted as a whole, a pluralistic financing mechanism is established, and saline-alkali land is improved according to local conditions through technologies such as "upper film and lower straw" and "five-in-one".
In Aiguo Village, Langshan Town, Linhe District, from a distance, Tian Chengfang, Lin Cheng Net, canals are connected, and roads are connected. "The transformation of high-standard farmland can also improve saline-alkali land and promote cost saving and efficiency. Last year, I planted more than 60 acres of chili peppers, and the average net income per mu was more than 3,000 yuan, which was something I didn't dare to think of before. Villager Zhang Guohua said.
Open field planting in Aiguo Village, Langshan Town, Linhe District Correspondent Fan Jie/photo
Aiguo Village has more than 8,700 acres of cultivated land, of which more than 50% is moderately and severely saline-alkali land. Through the centralized and high-standard remediation of contiguous patches, and the simultaneous implementation of technologies such as "upper film and lower straw" and "hidden pipe salt discharge", the former moderate and severe saline-alkali land has been revitalized.
Today's Aiguo Village has a bumper harvest of grain every year, and the village's confidence in seeking development is also stronger. Pan Jingzhong, secretary of the party branch of Aiguo Village, told reporters that after the improvement of saline-alkali land, the quality of cultivated land continued to improve, the price of land circulation rose from the original 300 yuan to 1,000 yuan today, and the yield per mu of sunflowers increased from the original 100 catties to the current 400 catties. Through unified ploughing, unified pesticide spraying, and unified planting, farmers' production costs have been reduced by 30% and their income has increased by 40%.
In the past few days, in the 80,000 mu high-standard farmland project area of Xixiaozhao Town, Urad Qianqi, several double-film seeders have carried out sorghum hole sowing and mulching on the flat land, and agricultural technicians have been constantly checking and guiding to help sorghum sow scientifically.
Mechanical sowing in Xixiaozhao Town, Urad Qianqi Correspondent Li Luyang/photo
The degree of salinization of land in the Yellow River area in Xixiaozhao Town is relatively heavy. Most of the local farmers mainly plant sunflowers that are tolerant to salt and alkali, with a single planting structure, low yield and low income. In 2023, 80,000 acres of farmland in Xixiaozhao Town will be transformed to a high standard, so that fragmented fields will become whole fields and low-yield fields will become high-yield fields.
In order to allow the "good fields" to be planted with "good varieties" and have a "good harvest", the party branch of Naimadai Village, Xixiaozhao Town, absorbed large planters and wealthy leaders from surrounding village groups to establish agricultural and animal husbandry professional cooperatives, carried out centralized circulation of land in the demonstration area, and signed sorghum orders with enterprises for trial planting. The enterprise sends professional and technical personnel to carry out unified sowing guidance, unified field management, and unified recycling, and pays attention to scientific and standardized from planting to harvesting to ensure that good grain is planted and income is steadily increased. "In the next step, we plan to build a grain drying tower and a winery to develop the sorghum industry chain." Liu Wenxian, secretary of the party branch of Naimadai Village, said.
In December 2023, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs announced the list of the first batch of pilot projects to promote the construction of high-standard farmland in the whole region, and the Hetao Irrigation District was selected as a pilot project for promoting the construction of high-standard farmland in the whole region.
Combined with the construction of high-standard farmland in the irrigation area, the city will implement the pilot project of comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali cultivated land in the whole irrigation area of 600,000 mu, and has completed the improvement project of 200,000 mu of saline-alkali land.
This year, our city will rely on the 1 R&D center and 4 experimental stations set up by the Autonomous Region Saline-alkali Land Comprehensive Utilization Technology Research Institute to carry out research on new models and new paths for the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land, and form a set of farming models suitable for solving the soil fertility improvement in the Hetao irrigation area, laying a solid foundation for promoting the sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources and ensuring national food security.
Characteristic industries turn saline-alkali land into "gold and silver beach"
The idea has changed to a wide world, and the saline-alkali land has become a "gold and silver beach".
Overlooking Hada Village, Xinhua Town, Linhe District, groups of photovoltaic panels are built on the sparkling water, grass carp occasionally jumps out of the water, and three or five villagers sit and chat in the shade, and a picture of harmonious coexistence between man and nature spreads out.
Fishery, Animal Husbandry and Photovoltaic Integration Project in Hada Village, Xinhua Town, Linhe District Correspondent Zhao Ke/photo
"The fishery, animal husbandry and photovoltaic integration project is to erect photovoltaic panels above the saline-alkali land to generate electricity, to develop aquaculture in the waters below the photovoltaic panels, and to develop sheep breeding in the open space. Villagers can get the income from land transfer every year, and the village collective can also get the income from breeding and photovoltaic power generation. Zhu Mingming, secretary of the party branch of Hada Village, told reporters, "I never thought that we would earn money by 'basking in the sun'." ”
In the puddle area of Fusheng Village, Xiaozhao Town, West Xiaozhao Town, Urad Qianqi, Inner Mongolia Fengrun Aquaculture Development Co., Ltd. is organizing large machinery to carry out shrimp pond dredging and expansion to prepare for this year's aquaculture.
"This saline land is very suitable for the cultivation of vannamei shrimp. This year, I expanded 100 acres, built 5 greenhouses, put about 2 million shrimp seedlings, and prepared to go on the market in advance, so that the price will definitely be higher than usual. Hao Qingping, head of Inner Mongolia Fengrun Aquaculture Development Co., Ltd., said.
In the future, the city will highlight the development of saline-alkali land characteristic agriculture, grasp the "breeding" and "land governance" two keys, adhere to ecology and production, governance and utilization, short-term and long-term equal attention, the implementation of science and technology, water resources, capital, institutional mechanism guarantee, the promotion of water-saving irrigation and salt washing, protective tillage, green manure forage planting, chemical alkali leaching salt, well irrigation and drainage mode, accelerate the implementation of irrigation areas to promote the construction of high-standard farmland, and actively strive for the national pilot of comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land improvement, and efficiently promote the improvement of saline-alkali land.
Source: Bayannur Daily
Text: Reporter Zhang Jie
Photo: Reporter Hu Dongyu
Editor: Chen Long Proofreader: Qiao Hong