More than eighty years ago, the revolutionary ancestors generously died in order to save the nation from peril. At the end of the 1930s, on the anti-Japanese front line of Jin-Cha-Ji, they fought with great song and blood. At the same time, they are also building a new society and a new home in the base areas. At that time, the government of the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region formulated a series of policies to enhance the social status of women, and many female village chiefs emerged, and women's self-worth was recognized by society. This has also brought a new trend of marriage in the border areas of freedom and equality and independent marriage.
The anti-Japanese fighters who went to the front line to kill the enemy bravely won the favor of the women in the border area because of their enthusiasm and sense of responsibility, and they composed a moving love song in the years of the flames, which smeared the life outside the war with a romantic color.
Jin-Cha-Ji area map
Women love hot-blooded men the most
After the outbreak of the "July 7 Incident" in 1937, the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army entered the Fuping area of Hebei Province and established the Jin-Cha-Ji Anti-Japanese Base Area. In the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region, the story of the "Three Sisters of the Fan Clan" marrying an anti-Japanese lang is widely known. The three sisters are Fan Jingxin, Fan Jingming and Fan Jingyang, and people call them "Big Fan, Little Fan and Three Fan" respectively.
The Fan family is a well-known anti-Japanese family: Fan Jingxin's father, Fan (formerly surnamed Fan), Zenan, was the first director of the village committee, the second uncle Fan Maoru was the director of the grass-roots traffic station, and the fifth uncle Fan Yinggao was also an underground party member. In such a family atmosphere, the sons and daughters of the Fan family have successively embarked on the revolutionary road.
At that time, after graduating from the Fuping Simple Normal School, Fan Jingxin served as the women's director of the first district of the Fuping County Motion Committee, and Fan Jingming and Fan Jingyang, the daughter of his second uncle Fan Maoru, successively signed up for the Third Division Stormtrooper Drama Club and were admitted to become literary and artistic fighters of the Eighth Route Army.
After Fan Jingxin joined the revolution, she devoted herself to her work, and she went to urge her to urge any village where the military uniforms and shoes were insufficient; whose women dragged their feet and did not allow men to join the army, she went to the door to mobilize; in which village was lagging behind in the literacy work, she ran to become a teacher herself; whoever did not abide by the marriage regulations and dared to marry a child and daughter-in-law, she would go to the door to talk about the policy... She was often so busy that she couldn't even eat or comb her hair. At work, Fan Jingxin met and married Wang Ping (the founding general) of the old Red Army.
In 1941, the 26-year-old Wang Zonghuai (the founding lieutenant general) had just been transferred from the organization director of the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region to the Third Sub-district as the director of the Political Department. After reporting for duty, Wang Ping, who was then the political commissar of the sub-district, finished talking about his work, and pulled Wang Zonghuai aside, saying that he would introduce Fan Jingxin's sister Fan Jingming to Wang Zonghuai. Wang Ping told Wang Zonghuai, "Fan Jingming is a party member, 19 years old, smart, good-looking, former actor of the sub-district stormtrooper club, and now a student of Bethune Medical School." ”
At the beginning, Fan Jingming's impression of Wang Zonghuai was not particularly deep, and Wang Ping told Fan Jingming a story about Wang Zonghuai. After the anti-"sweep" in the autumn of 1941, the higher authorities asked the Organization Department of the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region to report a roster of cadres at or above the battalion level. During the war, the devils often swept away, and the troops were worried that the confidential cadre information would fall into the hands of the devils, so there were no archives and no other data to check, so Wang Zonghuai took out a pen and, completely relying on memory, listed the cadres at and above the battalion level of the military region one by one according to the compilation sequence, totaling nearly 2,000, and the final reported figures were not bad with the actual statistics, and the leaders of the military region praised him as a "living dictionary" of the troops.
This story deeply touched Fan Jingming, Wang Zonghuai and Fan Jingming began to communicate, and Wang Zonghuai also gradually showed his lively and outgoing side, he told Fan Jingming about his experience of acting on stage, saying that he also played a little girl in "Little Cow Herding" in which men dressed as women... Sometimes, Wang Zonghuai would change his tone and sing a few pieces of "Xingguo Mountain Song", making Fan Jingming laugh. Just when the relationship between the two was getting stronger, Fan Jingming's Bethune Medical School was relocated, and Wang Zonghuai also had to leave the third division and transfer to the fourth division as deputy political commissar.
Since then, letters have become a tool for them to communicate their feelings in the fires of war. Letters were exchanged for more than a year, and the two had a deeper relationship, but because Bethune Medical School had a clear rule, students were not allowed to marry during the school period. At the beginning of 1944, Fan Jingming graduated, and seeing that the two could be married, Wang Zonghuai was ordered to go to Yan'an, a revolutionary holy land thousands of miles away, to prepare for the Seventh National Congress of the Party for a year-and-a-half intensive study. Fan Jingming went through countless hardships, crossed the blockade line of the devils, and almost sacrificed a little before finally reaching Yan'an. On June 26, 1944, they married in a cave at the foot of Pagoda Hill and on the banks of the Yanshui River. Early the next morning, the two decided to give up their 3-day wedding leave and go to their respective studies and jobs...
Fan Jingyang, the "Three Fans", studied medicine in the pharmacy class of bethune Medical School, and then transferred to the recuperation company under the outpatient department of the Headquarters of the Fifth Military Sub-district of Jin-Cha-Ji as a practicing medicine. There, through introduction, they met Yi Yaocai (the founding major general), the chief of staff of the fifth division, and soon they were married.
In addition to the "Three Sisters of the Fan Clan" in Fuping, there were also "Three Sisters of the Li Clan" from Wei County, Li Yuzhi, the wife of General Deng Hua (the founding general), and her two sisters, Li Jianming and Li Peiqing, who were also married to cadres of the Eighth Route Army.
Because of the arrival of the Eighth Route Army, the marriage form in the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region underwent unprecedented changes: they abolished arranged marriages, implemented marriage autonomy, changed some long-standing bad habits, and replaced the fate of parents and the words of matchmakers in free love.
"Little Two Black Marriage" advocates a new custom of marriage
These changes had a great relationship with the background of the times at that time: in the context of the anti-Japanese resistance of the whole nation, the people's concept of home and country was very heavy, and they especially worshipped the soldiers of the Eighth Route Army who persisted in the War of Resistance. More importantly, it is related to a series of decrees issued by the government of the Border Region of the Eighth Route Army.
After the establishment of the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region Government in January 1938, the "Letter of Instruction on Elections" was issued in January 1939, and in the subsequent election of village cadres, a number of female village chiefs were elected by each county. These female village chiefs and deputy village chiefs include middle-aged and elderly women who have established prestige in the countryside, as well as many young women who have emerged in the activities of the anti-Japanese support.
The large number of women in grass-roots leadership positions is unprecedented in these areas, which has greatly impacted traditional values and improved women's social status. In 1941, the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region promulgated the "Regulations on Marriage in the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region", and in 1943, the new "Marriage Regulations of the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region" were promulgated, which established the principle of marriage on the basis of individual voluntariness, that is, the freedom to conclude marriages. The General Provisions of Chapter I of the Marriage Regulations of the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region stipulate that marriages between men and women must be carried out voluntarily and voluntarily, and that all vices such as forced arranged arrangements shall be abolished, and it is also stipulated that "monogamy shall be strictly practiced and bigamy, concubinage, concubines and marriages of all kinds similar to polygamy or polygamy shall be prohibited".
In addition to a number of requirements and restrictions on marriage, the Marriage Regulations of the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region also clearly stipulate divorce and provide legal protection for women after divorce. The above policies are very beneficial to the protection of women's rights and interests, the improvement of women's family and social status, and the realization of equality between men and women.
In 1943, Zhao Shuli wrote a novel "The Marriage of Little Erhei" based on a true event, and Yang Xianzhen submitted the manuscript of this novel to Peng Dehuai, deputy commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army, for review.
Cover of the comic strip "Little Two Black Marriages" published in the late 1970s
In the novel, Xiao Erhei is an anti-Japanese youth who killed two enemies in an anti-"sweep" and was rewarded by a first-class shooter. And he is handsome, every year on the first day of the story, no matter which village he goes to, the women's eyes follow him. The heroine Xiaoqin is a beautiful and kind rural girl with progressive ideas who opposes arranged marriages, and when her mother Sanxian Gu wants to marry Xiaoqin to an old military officer as a continuation, Xiaoqin resolutely opposes and clearly states: "I don't care, who takes other people's things, who goes with people."
Of course, judging from the situation reflected in "Little Two Black Marriages", the phenomenon of arranged marriages and marrying children and daughters-in-law still existed at that time. Through the mouths of the novel's characters, Zhao Shuli clearly informed the people of the border areas of the values and concept of marriage advocated by the government of the border region. When the two families got into trouble with the district chief because of the marriage dispute between Xiao Erhei and Xiao Qin, the novel made such a vivid description:
The district chief said, "Old man! Don't be confused, forcing your nineteen-year-old child to marry a twelve-year-old girl, I'm afraid you're going to be angry for a lifetime! I am just trying to persuade you, in fact, as long as two people are willing, whether you are willing or not is irrelevant. Go back! There is no place for a child bride to be counted as your daughter-in-law! ”
In 1950, Zhao Shuli was in Beijing
The novel was widely circulated in the countryside, and even "where there is a school, there is this book". "Little Two Black Marriage" has played a big role in changing customs and customs. After the publication of "Little Two Black Marriage", it was also very popular in Hong Kong. At that time, "Little Erhei Marriage", published by Hong Kong Huaxia Bookstore, was published by a casual shopper like a cloud, and Hong Kong's "Popular Literature and Art Series" launched the Allegro book "Little Erhei Marriage" adapted by writer Bi Lai. The Southern Drama Club of Hong Kong Southern College also performed the drama "Little Two Black Marriage" at The Confucius Church and the Red Child Theatre in Hong Kong, and the audience was full of people for a while. Mr. and Mrs. Guo Moruo, Mr. and Mrs. Zhang Naiqi, mr. and Mrs. Deng Chumin, who were in Hong Kong, all went to watch. It is precisely from relevant works such as "The Marriage of Little Erhei" that the people of Hong Kong understand the political propositions of the Communist Party on building a new democratic society, see the changes in the ideological concepts and concepts of marriage of the people in the border areas, and see the new life of the new young people in the border areas, such as Xiao Erhei and Xiaoqin, who are striving for freedom.
On the wedding night, he went to the battlefield and killed the Japanese lieutenant general
The Eighth Route Army's practice of fighting for women's equal rights won the support of the broad masses of women in the war, and in the anti-Japanese base areas in North China, there were a large number of women's self-defense forces, and they played a huge role in cooperating with the troops in fighting the enemy and maintaining local law and order.
According to statistics, in 1939 alone, the Women's Self-Defense Force in the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region grew to more than 300,000 people. They actively propagated the Communist Party's principle of resisting Japan and saving the country, and some women joined the Peasants' Self-Defense Force and fought side by side with men. These women have stepped out of the family, made their own contributions to society, seen their own value, and been recognized by society.
During the war, although there was the sweetness of love, there was also the bitterness of love, as long as they went to the battlefield, the commanders and fighters of the Eighth Route Army were ready not to come back alive. Therefore, they all especially cherish the hard-won love.
At that time, there was such a romantic legend in Jinchaji, which was about Chen Zhengxiang (the founding lieutenant general) and his wife Kang Jie. On the afternoon of November 1, 1939, Kang Jie, who was working at the district health center, carried a backpack to the regimental headquarters where the regimental commander Chen Zhengxiang was located. At that time, it was just in time for a regiment to hold a meeting of cadres at and above the company level. After the meeting, everyone stayed to eat together, and Chen Zhengxiang took out 7 yuan from his allowance and added a few extra dishes. Everyone knows that today is the big day of the regiment leader and Dr. Kangjie. After dinner, he suddenly received a call from the sub-district, ordering Chen Zhengxiang to lead his troops to set off overnight and rush to the area of Yansu Cliff and Sanchakou to set up an ambush to eliminate the enemy who invaded the border area. Political Commissar Wang Daobang jokingly said to Chen Zhengxiang and Kang Jie, it seems that your cave house cannot be entered, and after winning the battle, you should enter the cave room again.
General Chen Zhengxiang was with his wife and son. Taken in the winter of 1945 or the spring of 1946.
Chen Zhengxiang led his troops into the battle of Yansu Cliff Loess Ridge, and Kang Jie also threw himself into the work of treating the wounded. In this battle, Chen Zhengxiang personally commanded the artillery to kill Japanese Lieutenant General Norihide Abe, writing a glorious page in the history of the Eighth Route Army and greatly encouraging the anti-Japanese morale of the Chinese military and people. Chen Zhengxiang and Kang Jie were safe and sound in this war, and after that, the two spent decades as one day, white heads and old age, living a happy life.