In May, the weather changed from spring to summer, the temperature rose, and the "May Day" holiday and before and after the travel season was the peak season, the mobility of people increased, and some diseases began to enter a high incidence period. Warm reminder that it is necessary to pay attention to respiratory diseases such as influenza, new crown and whooping cough, insect-borne infectious diseases such as dengue fever and fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, and intestinal infectious diseases such as hand, foot and mouth disease.
One
Respiratory diseases such as influenza, new crown, whooping cough, etc
Epidemiological features
Respiratory diseases are mostly caused by viruses or bacteria, such as influenza virus, new coronavirus, and Bordetella pertussis, and the main source of infection is patients and carriers. The route of transmission is mainly through droplets or airborne transmission, and the population is generally susceptible, especially children, the elderly, and people with underlying medical conditions.
Health reminders
1. Keep indoor air circulation and open windows regularly for ventilation.
2. Avoid crowded public places with poor air circulation.
3. Maintain good personal hygiene, such as washing hands frequently, wearing masks, etc.
4. Develop healthy lifestyle habits, exercise moderately, increase body resistance, and pay attention to keeping warm to avoid cold.
5. Standardize vaccination and do a good job of health protection.
Two
Hand, foot and mouth disease
Epidemiological features
Hand, foot and mouth disease is caused by a variety of enteroviruses, and is mainly characterized by fever and rash or herpes on the hands, feet, and mouth. The source of infection is patients and people with latent infection, and it is mainly transmitted through the fecal-oral route, respiratory droplet transmission and close contact. Children aged 5 years and below are the main incidence groups, especially infants and young children under 3 years old. April to July is the main epidemic season for hand, foot and mouth disease, and it is necessary to pay attention to prevention.
Health reminders
1. Pay attention to food hygiene, do not eat raw and cold food, and do not drink raw water.
2. Strengthen personal hygiene and develop the habit of washing hands before eating and after using the toilet.
3. Do a good job of daily case isolation and disinfection, and avoid direct contact with children and their contaminated items, such as toys, tableware, etc.
4. Enterovirus 71 vaccine can prevent hand, foot and mouth disease caused by EV71 virus infection and reduce the occurrence of severe disease, and it is recommended for children aged 6 months to 5 years to be vaccinated.
Three
dengue fever
Epidemiological features
Dengue fever is an acute insect-borne infectious disease caused by dengue virus transmitted by mosquito vectors (mainly Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, commonly known as "flower mosquitoes"), which is listed by the World Health Organization as the most serious vector-borne disease in the world and is a legal Class B infectious disease in the mainland. The incubation period after human infection is 3-15 days, and the main symptoms are acute high fever, headache, arthralgia, rash, and even bleeding. Severe dengue fever can cause complications such as bleeding and organ failure. The key to preventing the spread of dengue fever is to eradicate mosquito breeding sites, use mosquito nets and mosquito sprays.
Health reminders
1. Remove mosquito breeding sites, such as small stagnant water, waste tires, etc.
2. Use mosquito coils, mosquito nets and other mosquito prevention measures indoors to avoid mosquito bites.
3. Use mosquito repellent outside and apply it to exposed skin, especially at dusk and dawn when mosquito activity is most frequent.
4. If you have fever, rash and other symptoms, seek medical attention in time and inform the doctor of your travel history.
Four
Fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Epidemiological features
Fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (abbreviation: fever with thrombocytopenia) is an acute infectious disease caused by the new bunyavirus, mainly transmitted by tick bites, commonly known as "tick disease". The population is generally susceptible, but there are occupational and regional clusters. Cases are mainly found in hilly areas with rich vegetation and humid climates. It can occur throughout the year, and it mostly occurs in spring and summer. The main symptoms are fever, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, etc., and some cases include headache, muscle aches, diarrhea, etc. Superficial lymphadenopathy in the neck, armpits, and groin is often accompanied by tenderness, epigastric tenderness, and a relatively slow pulse.
Health reminders
1. When entering the epidemic area or engaging in outdoor activities, take personal protection, such as wearing long sleeves and pants, applying insect repellent, etc.
2. After the field activities, check the body in time, especially the scalp, waist, armpits, groin and below the ankles. If you're traveling with your pet for outdoor activities, carefully inspect your pet's body for ticks when you leave. When drying clothes and bedding in the field, check whether there are ticks attached to the surface when taking them back.
3. After finding a tick bite, do not forcibly remove it by hand, and it is recommended to go to a nearby hospital for treatment in time.
4. If you have symptoms such as fever and rash, seek medical attention in time and inform your doctor of a possible history of tick bites.
Reminder
While celebrating the "May Day", everyone should pay special attention to personal hygiene and protective measures, if you have uncomfortable symptoms, please seek medical attention in time and inform the doctor of relevant medical history and travel history. Wishing you all health and happiness!
Source: Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Editor: Zhao Zhuo
Proofreading: Yang Lixia
Editor-in-charge: Song Tao