The "Binhai Gangtang" landform in the "Six Domains" of Shanghai's rural landscape spatial structure is mainly located in the eastern area of Pudong and Fengxian, with relatively high terrain, and the tidal ditch was excavated after the Ming and Qing dynasties. The history of reclamation of salt pans has created a water system texture of "longitudinal pond as dry and Henggang as tooth comb". The Chunxin Village in Chuansha New Town, Pudong New Area, hides the image of "horizontal waves".
Chunxin Village, Chuansha New Town, Pudong New Area, where several rivers traverse from west to east, almost all of them are named after "Zaogang", behind which is the history of Shanghai's thousands of years of seawater salt production. Tian Jinghua, senior engineer and registered urban and rural planner of China Architecture Shanghai Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., introduced: "The east-west direction is to the east and the seaside, digging a horizontal one, which we say is now called Zaogang. Then make a longitudinal pond in the whole harbor vertically, so that the seawater can be brought in again. On both sides is the salt pan, and then slowly formed the entire Zaogang salt pan landform. ”
The mother river of Chunxin Village, Qizao Port, is one of these horizontal ports. Pudong's large and small villages live by the water, and they also thrive because of the water. From the water conservancy map of the Qing Dynasty, we can clearly see this unique landform formed by salt production: the main river channel running east-west is pushed forward layer by layer like a wave, and what is left between these "waves" is the continuation of endless settlements.
Due to the needs of sea salt production and transportation, the salt people have excavated more than 200 large and small rivers in history, and the horizontal Zao Port has continued the main functions of production and shipping due to the wide river, and the longitudinal salt pond has become a living river pond serving the residents, and people live by the water, 50 rivers run through almost every road in Chunxin Village, and the rural texture of the transverse wave comb has been preserved to this day.
Wang Yanchang, who is over eighty years old, still has the rocking oars left by his ancestors, and in his memory, when he was a child, every family could not travel and transport without boats. "At that time, every family had a small boat. The big boats, the small boats, go out to get grass, go out to buy things, go out to get gadolinium...... Everywhere you go by these boats, and the bride also comes by boat. ”
The family's ancestral home has also attracted the interest of planners, as it is safer to look like a rice bucket and enclosed on all sides when viewed from the air, while the double-sloped twisted roof helps to reduce the amount of wind to be carried and makes it easier for rainwater to flow down. This is a typical winch house, and the "center" of the house still retains the "drainage facilities" that were intricately designed more than 200 years ago.
"Others are fertile water does not flow into the fields of outsiders, put a tank in the middle, we Shanghai belongs to the typhoon and rainy, so the water under the eaves we have to drain it out quickly. We can see that there is a drainage facility at the lowest point of the yard, next to the river, which drains out from this direction, and there is also a terracotta pipe below. Yang Ju, President of the Planning Institute of China Architecture Shanghai Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., registered urban and rural planner, and national first-class registered architect, introduced.
In the ancestral house, you can also see a special "clam shell window", also called "Ming tile window". The polished mussel shells are not only used as decoration, but also reflect light and illuminate the entire hall. Wang Dechang, a villager from Chunxin Village, recalled: "When we were children, we climbed in and out here, pumped here, opened here, and crawled out of here when we were naughty. This window up up, this one up up, it won't fall down. ”
In addition to these local wisdom, developed water transportation and superior geographical location, Chunxin Village has a Shanghainese style that other villages do not have. Qizao Old Street retains the charm of a Shanghai-style market town, and there is also a Sacred Heart Catholic Church built in the 19th century in the village, which is the largest and most intact Catholic church in Pudong. Planner Liu Huan told reporters that the Sacred Heart Catholic Church belongs to the style of the fusion of the traditional architectural style of Jiangnan and the classical Gothic style, and is still in normal use, with great historical and cultural value.
After the investigation of experts from the Planning and Design Institute, Chunxin Village is considered to be the most typical smallest unit slice in the transverse wave landscape texture. In the future, on the original rural texture, it will further explore the characteristics of Shanghai-style water towns integrated with "forests, waters, roads, and fields". "Its entire spatial pattern can be called one water, two houses, three forests, and four fields, which is a very typical and very distinctive village. Lai Zhiyong, an engineer from Shanghai Pudong New Area Planning and Design Research Institute, commented.
Xia Yaoming, secretary of the general party branch of Chunxin Village, said: "For example, by using the wedding model of the church in the west and the lawn wedding model under the forest, we can drive our existing resources, forest land resources, including the existing stock resources, to make a business card of the living room." ”
Covering 12 administrative villages with a total area of more than 23 square kilometers, the future plan will fully explore the cultural and historical heritage of the salt industry, create a wonderful environment of rivers and ports, and activate historical and cultural elements such as old streets, churches, and winch houses, inheriting the architectural charm of ancient and modern, Chinese and Western.
Take a look at the news reporters: Chen Huiying, Xing Ying
Editor: You Yinghui
Cinematographer: Zhang Ying, Xu Jin
Editor-in-charge: Yu Zhiqing