Preamble:
The situation in the world is constantly changing, and the struggles and confrontations between countries have led to the split, independence, or annexation of many countries by other countries.
Historically, these three places were part of our country, but when the referendum was held, they chose to secede.
And what are the historical and political factors behind this referendum decision?
Is there any hope that these three places will return to the bosom of our country today?
What is a referendum?
There is a democratic expression, and the referendum has caused strong discussion and controversy in history.
The referendum, which seems to be a model of democracy, is a manifestation of democracy that gives every citizen of the country the opportunity to participate in major decisions.
However, as has happened in history, the referendums are not always so bright.
When the interests of countries are involved, the meaning of the ballot becomes blurred.
The power of the great powers and the infiltration of external forces often influence the outcome of the referendum.
Do people's choices really represent their own wishes?
Outer Mongolia participated in a referendum and declared independence
The Qing Dynasty was an important period in Chinese history.
During this period, Outer Mongolia, as a part of China, together with Inner Mongolia, formed the territory of China.
However, in order to better manage this vast land, the Qing government decided to divide Mongolia into two parts, the inner and the lower. (Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia)
Although this division was for the needs of administrative management at that time, it also laid the groundwork for the future game.
With the change of times, Tsarist Russia became a neighbor of China, and Outer Mongolia bordered Tsarist Russia, which became the focus of interest competition between the two countries.
Tsarist Russia took a fancy to Outer Mongolia's geographical location and resources, began to actively interfere in Outer Mongolia's affairs, and colluded with the Outer Mongolian aristocracy in an attempt to weaken Outer Mongolia's ties with China.
With the fall of Tsarist Russia, the Soviet Union became the new master of Outer Mongolia.
The Soviet Red Army came to power and brought Outer Mongolia into the Soviet sphere of influence.
Outer Mongolia became an important region of the Soviet Union, and in order to consolidate its rule, the Soviet Union began to carry out large-scale political infiltration and cultural assimilation in Outer Mongolia.
In 1945, a referendum was held in Outer Mongolia
Under the influence of the Soviet Union, the political situation in Outer Mongolia changed dramatically.
In 1945, Outer Mongolia held a referendum to decide whether or not to become independent.
Under the supervision of the Soviet Union, 98% of Outer Mongolians voted for independence, and eventually Outer Mongolia gained independent status.
This event became an important turning point in the history of Outer Mongolia and also affected the direction of Sino-Russian relations.
The independence of Outer Mongolia has brought new challenges and opportunities to Sino-Russian relations.
Outer Mongolia has become a buffer zone between China and Russia, and its geographical location is of great significance for the security of the two countries.
The independence of Outer Mongolia has also affected the development direction of Sino-Russian relations to a certain extent, and has become an important factor in the geopolitical competition.
Cultural factors also played an important role in the independence of Outer Mongolia.
Through cultural infiltration, the Soviet Union weakened Outer Mongolia's sense of identity with Chinese culture, and the connection between Outer Mongolia and China gradually weakened.
This lack of cultural identity has also affected the relationship between Outer Mongolia and China, and has become a difficult problem between the two countries.
The independence of Outer Mongolia is a destiny given by history and the crystallization of human wisdom.
While looking back at history, we should also reflect on the lessons learned and look forward to future developments.
The geopolitical rivalry is always going on, and it takes time for cultural identities to be established.
I hope that the road of destiny of Outer Mongolia will become broader and broader, and it will become a bridge for friendly exchanges between China and Russia and an important guarantee for regional peace and stability.
Vladivostok participated in a referendum and was incorporated into the Russian territory
Vladivostok is located at the northern tip of the Korean Peninsula and is geographically important.
It was once the territory of the Qing Dynasty of China, but in the Treaty of Beijing in 1860, it was ceded to Russia along with 400,000 square kilometers of land.
The Beijing Treaty placed Vladivostok under Russian rule and changed its destiny forever.
Vladivostok's strategic position cannot be overlooked, as a natural ice-free port, it has become an important maritime gateway for Russia in the Far East.
Unlike other Russian ports, the port of Vladivostok remained open during the winter months, providing great convenience for Russia's maritime trade and military activities.
With Vladivostok becoming Russian territory, the Russian government set out to monitor the referendum to ensure Vladivostok's ownership.
The referendum turned out as Russia wished, and Vladivostok was officially incorporated into Russia's territory.
However, this is not something that everyone is happy about, especially after the referendum, when a large number of Chinese were brutally persecuted.
Between 1900 and 1930, a shocking scene took place in Vladivostok.
About 300,000 Chinese were brutally murdered by Russia under various pretexts.
During the years of fear and despair, many Chinese chose to flee Vladivostok, but many others lost their lives on the way, a heart-wrenching history.
Sikkim participated in a referendum and was incorporated into India
Sikkim was part of Tibet from the ancient seventh century to 1890.
It sleeps in the bosom of the Himalayas and borders Tibet, Nepal and Bhutan.
Over time, however, Sikkim's fortunes began to change, and an unprecedented referendum would change the course of its history.
In 1975, India organized a decisive referendum to decide where Sikkim belonged.
The referendum became a turning point in Sikkim's history and an important move for India in the geopolitical arena.
However, little is known about the political tactics and manoeuvres behind the referendum.
When the results of the referendum were announced, the fate of Sikkim was also rewritten.
India took control of Sikkim through political means, making it a part of India.
However, the process of the referendum was full of controversy and questions, which aroused widespread concern in the international community.
Sikkim is attracting attention not only because of its geographical location, but also because of its importance to India's geopolitics.
As a link between India and Nepal and Bangladesh, Sikkim's ownership affects the fate of the entire region.
India's control of Sikkim has not only strengthened its influence in the region, but has also had a profound impact on its relations with its neighbors.
Although the referendum decided the ownership of Sikkim, it also buried many hidden dangers.
Political manoeuvres and intrigue have called into question the outcome of the referendum, while geopolitical manoeuvres have raised concerns about the fate of Sikkim.
However, the most important lesson of history is that we should reflect on the truth behind the referendum and learn from it in order to avoid similar incidents from happening again.
Epilogue:
One might ask, is it possible for Outer Mongolia, Vladivostok and Sikkim to return to China?
What I want to say is that history has washed away the suffering of many Chinese, and the inhabitants of these three places are no longer the people they used to be.
Politics, culture, ideas, traditions, languages, values, and worldviews have run counter to traditional Chinese concepts.
Therefore, it is not very likely that Outer Mongolia, Vladivostok, and Sikkim will return to China.
Woman Jin
Haisangang Woman
Outer Mongolian Women