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All statements in this article are based on reliable information, and the sources are detailed at the end of the article
"Nowadays, young people don't care about their bodies too much, and my son has to do some side jobs after work, and he can't come home until midnight every day, and he falls asleep when he is tired. ”
"Life is so stressful, if you don't fight when you're young, what can you do when you're old?"
Aunt Yang complained to her co-worker Brother Zhao during the lunch break, and Brother Zhao responded that Aunt Yang immediately opposed him.
"Don't think so, Lao Wu still remembers, the original advanced workers in our factory, all the money earned in the first half of their lives were used to exchange for lungs, and now they are still in line, I heard that it will cost 600,000. ”
"The workers in our factory have a little bit of lung disease, and there are really a few who are as serious as Lao Wu, and I blame him for working too hard when he was young, and he didn't know how to pay attention to his body when he worked. Brother Zhao said regretfully.
In fact, examples like Lao Wu are not uncommon in life, especially for people who work in some factories.
Affected by environmental conditions, factories often have dust environments, which bring great burden to the human respiratory system.
If you work for a long time and neglect protection in your daily life, lung problems will come to your door.
Among them, pneumoconiosis is a more serious lung problem, which will bring more threats to the patient's later life.
How does pneumoconiosis form step by step? What other health problems does the disease cause besides affecting lung health? Is there any other way to treat this disease than to replace the lungs?
1. Silent pneumoconiosis
When it comes to the condition, most people think it may be a lung disease caused by dust inhalation.
But in fact, from a pathological point of view, the formation of the disease is actually very long, complex and insidious.
The human lungs are in direct contact with the external environment and are important organs for filtering the air.
However, as the environment changes and the composition of the air becomes more complex, the burden of filtration on the lungs increases.
When dust cannot be completely isolated by the respiratory filtration system, it is inhaled into the respiratory tract and even deep into the bronchi.
When the body recognizes that it is a foreign substance, it produces corresponding biochemical reactions, the most common being inflammation.
In general, a sudden inflammatory response (physical stress) in the short term will not have a noticeable impact on health.
As the inflammation subsides, the stress response lessens and the body's normal functioning resumes.
However, if the environment is harsh and the human body has been in such an environment for a long time, the frequency and probability of inhaling dust are high, and the lungs may continue to be affected by inflammatory response for a long time.
Under the stimulation of long-term foreign substances, the tissues in the lungs cannot fully recover to a healthy state, and the tissue function undergoes pathological changes, and the lungs may have abnormal biochemical reactions, and then progress to the pathological form of pneumoconiosis.
The inhalation and accumulation of foreign substances can be regarded as a kind of damage to the bronchial lining in the lungs, as well as the alveoli and lung interstitium.
As the damage increases (inflammation is frequent), scarring (scarring) develops on healthy tissue in the lungs, which can be regional or diffuse.
If the scar cannot be recovered, the inflammatory response repeatedly irritates the tissues in the lungs, and pathological tissue hyperplasia will occur at the scar.
Friends who know about scars should know that pathological growths such as scars are a kind of "superfluous" tissue for the body.
However, due to the inflammation caused by dust inhalation, the body reacts frequently to stress, and the continuous proliferation of this scar tissue is unavoidable.
To give a more intuitive example, ear piercing.
Some people have a scar constitution, and if the puncture site is not properly inflamed, the body's inflammatory response will continue.
Especially in the case of unhygienic earrings, the inflammatory response will be more intense, and if you leave it alone for 5 or 10 years, it will eventually form an hypertrophic scar.
Another example is burns, scalds, and scars left by surgery, and people with scar constitution may have itching at the scar site after recovery.
If the body is highly sensitive and external stimuli cannot be effectively avoided, the scar may also show tissue enlargement in the long term.
Just imagine, if there are many pathological growths in the bronchi and alveoli of the lungs due to long-term inhalation of dust, the originally unobstructed respiratory tract and bronchial tubes will be hindered by these growths, which will then lead to deformation and narrowing of the respiratory tract, causing poor breathing.
More severely, pneumoconiosis is usually diffuse (pathologic changes are more extensive), which means that pathological growths are more extensive and there is a higher likelihood of causing blockages.
If there is no effective intervention for a long time, the alveoli and pulmonary interstitium will be affected, and fibrosis may also be caused.
Pulmonary fibrosis is most typically characterized by a decrease in the overall elasticity of the lungs, and pathological scars are usually hard and inelastic.
The more pathological hyperplasia, the more extensive the hardening of lung tissue.
Human respiration mainly relies on the good elasticity of the lungs and diaphragmatic movement to complete the breathing behavior.
Once fibrotic lesions occur, the elasticity of the tissues in the lungs is lost, and breathing is further restricted.
In the long term, not only lung health is impaired, but can also cause systemic effects.
Second, the terrible thing about pneumoconiosis is not only coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing
1. The infection rate has increased
Pneumoconiosis means a change in the morphology of tissues in the lungs, which is a test of autoimmunity.
Originally, it only needed to fight the immune pressure caused by foreign substances in the short term, but now it has to bear the additional immune burden caused by repeated inflammation and proliferation.
The immune function is differentiated by different diseases, and the ability to prevent infection will be slightly reduced.
Clinical studies have pointed out that considering the pathological proliferation and even fibrosis of the bronchial in the lungs of patients with pneumoconiosis, it will cause narrowing of the respiratory tract and bronchi, and the passage will be distorted and deformed.
If you want to cough to clean up foreign substances to prevent infection, the success rate will drop significantly.
Therefore, most patients with pneumoconiosis have a higher probability of lung infection than the general healthy population.
2. Occurrence of cor pulmonale
The lungs exchange gases when they breathe, which involves a blood supply to the whole body.
The heart is an important hub of blood supply to the human body, and if there is a lack of oxygen due to abnormal breathing caused by pneumoconiosis, then the blood supply pattern will undergo pathological changes.
If the lungs do not inhale enough air and the gas exchange is insufficient, the oxygen content per unit of blood supply will be reduced, and in order to ensure adequate oxygen supply, the heart needs to accelerate the blood supply to meet the body's oxygen consumption demand.
In other words, in a state of hypoxia, the heartbeat will accelerate.
A high heart rate can lead to an increase in the amount of blood pumped per unit, which puts additional pressure on the blood vessels.
As the disease progresses, the blood is chronically deficient in oxygen and the heart pumps further increases, resulting in pulmonary hypertension.
If cor pulmonale blood pressure does not improve for a long time, various heart diseases will follow, such as cor pulmonale.
3. The probability of cancer increases
It's also a problem with an abnormality in the immune system.
Pneumoconiosis causes large-scale pathological changes in the lungs, and the ability to resist diseases in the lungs will be greatly reduced.
Whether it is a pre-existing condition or a new infection, the probability of subsequent malignant lesions will be higher than that of ordinary people.
The lung cells of patients with pneumoconiosis are chronically pathological, and the possibility of malignant mutations in lung tissue cells will increase in the process of infection by foreign substances or persistent spontaneous pathological hyperplasia.
If the probability of mutation goes up, the probability of evolving into cancer will naturally go up.
4. Nerve damage
Persistent hypoxia can also cause systemic symptoms, including the brain, which can also be adversely affected.
On the one hand, the nerves in the brain cannot function normally in a state of hypoxia.
For example, some middle-aged and elderly people have high blood viscosity and are more likely to feel dizzy, sleepy, and tired, which is actually caused by the inability to keep up with the blood supply in the brain and the insufficient oxygen supply to a certain extent.
On the other hand, in order for the body to meet the adequate oxygen supply, the heart needs to pump more blood to increase the blood supply to ensure that there is enough oxygen.
At this time, the lack of oxygen and the increase in blood supply will form a contradiction, adding to the transfusion pressure of the blood vessels in the brain.
Therefore, whether from the perspective of hypoxia or blood supply, the state around the nerves of the brain is an abnormal state.
The physical environment cannot meet the needs of the nerves, and the nerve function will naturally decline, and even the functional damage will occur in severe cases.
3. In addition to lung replacement, how can pneumoconiosis be treated?
Lung exchange, also known as lung transplantation, is usually a treatment for patients with terminal pneumoconiosis.
At this stage, the patient's lungs have shown severe pathological changes, and it is usually difficult to ensure spontaneous breathing, so it can only be improved by lung replacement.
However, if the disease is detected in the early and middle stages, and reasonable daily intervention is carried out in time, the progression of the disease can still be controlled.
For example, for pneumoconiosis caused by industrial dust, patients may need to change jobs or temporarily stop working to prevent further inhalation of industrial dust and reduce the probability of inhaling foreign substances.
In terms of daily maintenance, it may be necessary to maintain the condition of the lungs through medication and behavioral improvements.
For example, according to the needs of patients, take some cough and phlegm drugs to reduce the discomfort and related symptoms caused by pneumoconiosis.
At the same time, anti-fibrotic therapy should be carried out according to the actual situation of the patient, and corresponding drugs should be used to delay the progression of pulmonary fibrosis.
In terms of behavior, it is necessary to quit smoking.
Smoking behavior, including re-inhalation of secondhand smoke, further increases the risk of recurrent lung infections.
Quitting smoking and creating a smoke-free environment can effectively prevent exacerbations and inhibit the persistence of pathological hyperplasia.
summary
The onset of pneumoconiosis is insidious, and most patients do not associate cough and sputum production with pneumoconiosis in the early stage.
However, if you neglect to check and protect yourself, it will lead to further progression of the disease and eventually form pulmonary fibrosis.
The harm of pneumoconiosis is not only to affect lung health, but also to damage the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular vessels.
Considering that pneumoconiosis is not easy to detect, if there are persistent problems such as poor breathing, coughing, and excessive sputum, please seek medical attention as soon as possible to confirm the situation and rule out the possibility of pneumoconiosis.
If the condition can be confirmed at an early stage, the treatment will not be too difficult, and the impact on the subsequent life will be smaller.
Dear friends, how much do you know about pneumoconiosis? Do you think it is worth it for young people to work hard to make money, and to spend a lot of money to change their lungs when they are old?
Resources:
Paike: Medical Respiratory Channel 2022-10-12 15:34"Don't panic when you encounter interstitial lung disease, this "diagnosis and treatment strategy" must be read"
Guangming.com2024-04-29 10:23"Pneumoconiosis is still the No. 1 occupational disease!
Baidu Encyclopedia: Pneumoconiosis