If you want to successfully raise lake sheep, you can't miss these technologies
Wei Shuli et al
1 Preparation for introduction
1.1 Sheep farm preparation
1) 1 week before the introduction of sheep house to clean and tidy, and carry out more than 3 times of disinfection work in the barn, it is recommended that the old field cleaning and disinfection 2~3 months after the start of the sheep;2) the farm to prepare forage, including high-quality green hay, alfalfa, concentrate feed (corn, soybean meal, bran, premix, etc.), silage (corn, corn stalks, sugarcane tails, etc.); 3) check feeding tools, drinking water facilities, machinery, etc., to ensure normal use; 4) check the breeding process of common medicines, Whether veterinary medical equipment is available, including emergency drugs (epinephrine, sodium camphor sulfonate, analgin, dimmi), antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs (penicillin, gentamicin, etc.), anthelmintic drugs (ivermectin, fenbendazole, prothhimazole), anti-stress drugs, etc.
1.2 Shipment and stress prevention
1) Transportation vehicles. The transport vehicle is required to be in good condition, and to be cleaned and disinfected in an all-round way, with a tarpaulin with the vehicle, and to do a good job of rainproofing. 2) Transport personnel must have a high sense of responsibility. Stop feeding within 6 hours before loading, avoid high temperature in summer, load in the morning and evening, check the weather conditions along the way in advance, and prohibit loading in case of storms. 3) Loading inspection work. Check the breed, weight, quantity, health status, loading density, whether the transportation process will cause extrusion, check the quarantine certificate, etc. 4) Check on the way. Avoid congested routes, drive smoothly, avoid sudden braking, prevent Hu sheep from crushing and injury, use tarpaulins to avoid sun and rain, and only stay in a cool place to prevent overheating and avoid staying for a long time. 5) Unloading inspection. Use unloading tools to avoid injuries to Hu sheep, check the number of sheep, check the health of the sheep, find sick sheep, need to be isolated and treated.
1.3 Quarantine and temporary care
After the ewes arrive at the temporary breeding area to unload, they first provide drinking water to the sheep, and add anti-stress drugs such as electrolytic multi-dimensional, astragalus polysaccharides, glucose water, and light salt water to the drinking water. In order to prevent food accumulation, feed was started after 6~8 h, and a small amount of high-quality hay, such as dried peanut seedlings, was fed. On the 4th day of the temporary breeding area, concentrate can be added, an appropriate amount of silage can be added on the 5th day, concentrate can be increased gradually after the 6th day, and fed according to the normal breeding amount after 1 week. In the transition period, the feeding management should be close to the original forage, drinking water and feeding system, and the differences should be gradually adjusted to adapt to the new environment. During the temporary breeding period, if it is found that there is a suspected sick sheep with abnormal performance, it should be isolated and observed in time, and treatment should be given after diagnosis. Observe for 30~45 days in the isolated sheep house, and after the end of isolation, it is determined that there is no epidemic before entering the field for normal feeding management.
2 Ewe feeding management
2.1 Empty Period
Enhance the feeding management before breeding, can improve the fecundity of ewes, feed nutrition level has a great impact on the number of ovulation of ewes and the number of normal fetuses in early pregnancy, 2~4 weeks before breeding should be fed with high-protein, high-energy diet and green feed, such as ryegrass, grass, green hay. At the same time, an appropriate amount of beans, rice bran, bran, etc., to improve the body condition of ewes, increase the number of ovulations, improve the fertility rate, avoid early fetal death, so as to improve the lambing rate of Hu sheep.
2.2 Breeding period
The best breeding period of Hu sheep was about 17 days after estrus. At present, the breeding method is natural mating, the ram is fixed to cast 1:10~1:12, 45~55 d, replace the ram once in the middle, and perform B ultrasound pregnancy test after the end. Ewes maintain medium fat, lean sheep and obese sheep should not be mated, try to shorten the empty period, increase the annual number of lambs.
2.3 Gestation period
In the early stage of pregnancy, it is necessary to prevent miscarriage, and in the later stage to avoid accidental danger or premature birth, it is forbidden to feed ewes with frozen feed and moldy and spoiled feed, and do not drink frozen water. At the same time, to prevent the flock from being frightened and crowded, the ewes will be transferred to the farrowing room 1 week before the expected farrowing date, and the area of the pen is controlled at 0.9~1.1 m2. In the first month after pregnancy, the quality of feed should be improved, and 0.45 kg of concentrate, 2 kg of green hay, 1.5 kg of silage, and 0.6 kg of carrots can be fed daily. In the 2nd ~ 3rd month after pregnancy, the fetus develops rapidly, and the nutritional needs of the ewe must be met. In the last 2 months, the fetus develops rapidly, and the nutritional needs of ewes increase by 50%~60% compared with the previous period. When the lamb is about to give birth or after lambing, it is transferred to the mother and child pens, and the mother and child are marked at the same time to prevent the lamb from finding the ewe.
2.4 Delivery and lambing period
Keep quiet and tidy in the farrowing room, it is best to increase bedding and mat netting to achieve the effect of cold protection and heat preservation, and at the same time control the density of ewes in the farrowing room. Prepare medicines (including iodine tincture, postpartum injection, sodium selenite VE, oxytetracycline, etc.), watering cans, scissors, gloves, masks and other delivery tools before delivery; pay attention to lamb mucus removal, lamb umbilical cord cutting, colostrum feeding, and do a good job of disinfection, mother and lamb health care at the same time, so as to improve the survival rate of lambs. In case of emergencies, contact the veterinarian in time to come to the treatment, so as to check frequently, detect early, and treat early. Midwives should wear protective clothing, protective masks and plastic gloves, do a good job of hygienic cleaning and disinfection of breeders, prevent the occurrence of zoonotic diseases, and keep a record of lambing. After the end of production, clean up the afterbirth and blood stains in the lambing room and farrowing pen in time, and disinfect with quicklime to avoid the breeding of corrupt bacteria and viruses.
2.5 Lactation (2 months)
The area of the lactation pen is kept at 1.5~2.0 m 2. After giving birth, you can feed brown sugar bran water, and gradually increase the amount of concentrate and green feed after 1 week; do not increase nutrition for 1 week after giving birth, so as to avoid indigestion of lambs or mastitis in ewes. Lamb ewes in the early lactation stage should increase the amount of concentrate. When the milk of the ewe is insufficient, add soybean milk, bran soup, glutinous rice porridge, etc. In the later stage of lactation, the lambs gradually feed on their own, which gradually reduces the nutritional level of the ewes.
3 Feeding and management of lactating lambs
After the lamb is born, it ensures that the colostrum is eaten within half an hour, and assists the lamb to slowly pass the meconium. If the ewes do not have enough milk and need to be fostered or artificially assisted feeding, the lambs can be allowed to drink milk powder water. When some frail lambs can't eat goat's milk, they should be artificially fed. After 1~3 days of production, the ewes and lambs are listed or earmarked respectively, and they are marked to facilitate the identification of ewes, prevent milk loss, and establish breeding and production files. After 3 days, the tail of the lamb was cut off with a rubber band and the root of the tail of the lamb was tightened several times, and the lamb immunization was done, and the lamb immunization program is shown in Table 1. After the lamb is 7~10 days old, the lamb feeding pen and feeding trough are set up, and the lamb is adjusted and fed, and the granular lamb is fed, so that the feeding amount is less and the amount of feeding is controlled; the 10th day begins to add high-quality forage and mixed feed; 2 weeks or 20 days or about 20 days according to the situation of ad libitum feeding, and gradually increases the coarse feed after 1 month. 1 week before weaning of lambs to transition into fertilizer, at about 50 days old, weight of about 15 kg when weaning is more appropriate, try to achieve the same or similar age of lambs in the same column, convenient for immunization, health care, feeding and other management.
Table 1 Lamb immunization schedule
4. Feeding management of fattening sheep
4.1 Deworming
In the alternating season of spring and summer (March to April in the south, April to May in the north), the weather begins to warm, mosquitoes, flies, ticks enter a large number of breeding periods, deworming and killing eggs for all sheep; If there are ticks in the local area (mainly for cattle), it is necessary to use bovine and sheep bloodworm net to kill insects in spring and autumn, and use 50 mg/L pyrethroid insecticides such as deltamethrin to kill and clean up grasslands, enclosures, manure and ditches in spring and autumn to completely block the reproduction and spread of parasites. The newly introduced fattening sheep start deworming work after the 3~4 days of introduction.
4.2 Immunity
Scientific immunization procedures should be formulated according to local epidemiology (Table 2), and immunization monitoring should be arranged at the same time, and timely supplementary vaccinations should be made up for unqualified, missed or unexempted sheep, and the main vaccines are sheep foot-and-mouth disease, goat peste des petits ruminants, goat pox, goat triple and four prevention, goat infectious pleuropneumonia, etc.
Table 2 Immunization schedule for fattening sheep
4.3 Routine drug care
In order to improve the environment and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen, urease inhibitors can be added to the premix, cattle and sheep Yiduobao + cattle and sheep fat Limei + cattle and sheep antivenox are added to the feed, cattle and sheep distemper Shu + cattle and sheep stress spirit + cattle and sheep virus clear can be added to the trough, and fattening sheep baking soda + licking bricks can be given to let them lick and eat freely. In daily management, it is necessary to often disinfect the enclosure with disinfectants such as animal husbandry and sterilization.
4.4 Fattening
4.4.1 Moderate fattening weaning lambs weighing more than 15 ~ 20 kg began to fatten, on the 3rd day of sheep purchase began to feed concentrate, the ratio of grain dry matter to 12:88 (sheep daily feed intake according to the forage dry matter calculation, accounting for 3% ~ 4% of body weight), feeding 2 times / d, and then gradually increasing concentrate every day. On the 14th day, the ratio of fine-to-crude was 50:50 (the initial fattening material was used in the first 15 days), and the formal fattening was started (the use of 3 days was gradually replaced by the mid-fattening material), until the fattening was about 40 days out of slaughter (at this time, the weight of the crossbred sheep reached more than 30~35 kg, and the daily weight gain reached 250~300 g).
4.4.2 High-intensity fattening Concentrate type strength fattening is carried out for sturdy lambs weighing 25~35 kg (using 3 days to completely replace the mid-fattening material with the post-fattening material). After (47±7) days of high-intensity fattening, the age of the lamb has reached 5 months old ~ 5 and a half months old, the slaughter weight reaches (45±1) kg, the daily weight gain reaches an average of (290±70) g, the fine-to-coarse ratio gradually increases from 50:50, the fine-to-coarse ratio reaches 60:40 on the 5th day, after 3 days of stability, the concentrate is gradually increased every day from the 8th day, and the fine-to-coarse ratio reaches 70:30 or 80:20 on the 12th day, and the high-concentrate intensity fattening period begins.
4.5 Precautions for daily management
1) Pay attention to the temperature, humidity and air quality of the sheep house, the ideal growth temperature of the sheep is 10~25 °C, summer to prevent heat stroke and cooling, winter and spring to keep warm, while paying attention to ventilation. 2) Strictly determine the amount of feeding, reasonably supply the diet, combined with the growth and development characteristics of the fattening sheep themselves, formulate the diet composition of the meat sheep, the supply of the ration or the feeding quota, and fine-tune the diet in combination with the actual weight gain results. 3) Pay attention to the identification of silage and green fodder hay, and prohibit feeding when mildew, rot and peculiar smell are found. Before feeding the next meal, clean the trough in time. 4) Regular disinfection, cleaning the enclosure, disinfection of the sports field, spraying liquid to the floor, fence, feeding trough, wall is appropriate.
4.6 Concentrate formula in fattening stage
Different formulations are fed according to the different fattening stages (Table 3).
Table 3 Concentrate formula in fattening stage (%)