Quantum computing is a computing model based on the unique properties of quantum mechanics, including superposition, entanglement, and quantum interference, and its basic unit of information is the qubit.
Compared with traditional computing methods, quantum computing can provide more powerful parallel computing power and lower energy consumption. The computing power of quantum computing is increasing exponentially with the increase in the number of qubits, and it has broad development potential.
At present, the industrialization process of quantum computing is still in its infancy, and it mainly focuses on the R&D stage. According to the International Data Corporation (IDC), the global quantum computing market is expected to reach $10.7 billion by 2027.
The core value of the global quantum computing industry chain is mainly reflected in the assembly and integration of quantum computing prototypes and the supply chain of related devices.
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Overview of the quantum computer industry
Quantum computer is an advanced computer designed according to the principle of quantum mechanics, using the principle of superposition of quantum states, each qubit of the quantum computer can represent 0 and 1 in binary at the same time, which makes the computing power of the quantum computer compared with the classical computer to achieve explosive growth, and then show "quantum superiority".
At present, there is no unified standard for the technical path of quantum computer hardware equipment, and various companies and scientific research institutions are exploring different technical solutions. Some scientists believe that superconducting quantum computers and trapped-ion quantum computers may be the first technical routes to achieve commercial applications.
Classical Computers Vs Quantum Computers:
Source: Origin Quantum
The cost structure of a quantum computer is quite complex, including R&D, hardware manufacturing, software and algorithm development, and subsequent maintenance and operation.
The R&D phase involves not only the design and development of hardware and software, but also the innovation and optimization of quantum algorithms, and although commercial quantum computers are open to companies willing to invest in quantum technology, they are still very expensive, and the market price is as high as about $51.5 million.
Among the global manufacturers of quantum computers, Intel, Google, IBM, etc. are in the leading position.
Intel has teamed up with Q-NEXT and the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory to accelerate the development of quantum computers, Google has chosen the superconducting technology route, with its latest Sycamore quantum processor already having 70 qubits, Microsoft expects to complete the construction of a quantum supercomputer within 10 years, and IBM has launched the 133-qubit Quantum Heron processor, which offers unprecedented high performance and low error rates.
The continent is leading the world in the development of quantum computing. A Chinese research team has successfully developed a quantum computing prototype "Jiuzhan No. 3", breaking a world record in the field of optical quantum information technology. In addition, the mainland's third-generation autonomous superconducting quantum computer "Origin Wukong" has also been put into operation, "Origin Wukong" is equipped with a 72-bit independent superconducting quantum chip "Wukong Core", which is currently the most advanced programmable and deliverable superconducting quantum computer in China.
Manufacturers and institutions involved in the research and development of quantum computers in mainland China mainly include the University of Science and Technology of China, Peking University, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen Institute of Quantum Science and Engineering, Origin Quantum, Spin Technology and Huayi Quantum.
A research team led by Jianwei Pan, Chaoyang Lu and Naile Liu from the University of Science and Technology of China, together with the Shanghai Institute of Microsystems of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Research Center for Parallel Computer Engineering, successfully developed the prototype of the "Jiuzhan No. 3" quantum computing machine, while Peking University cooperated with a research team composed of Jianwei Pan, Xiaobo Zhu and Chengzhi Peng to complete the preparation and verification of superconducting qubit cluster states.
epilogue
For example, quantum processing units (QPUs) may still be insufficient compared to traditional central processing units (CPUs) in terms of organization and access to memory, and hybrid quantum computing architectures are not expected to be adopted, which is expected to make full use of the respective advantages of quantum computers and classical computers, thereby pushing the development of computing technology to new heights. #量子##量子科技##量子计算机##科技##财经#
Quantum computers at this stage only demonstrate the advantages of "quantum supremacy" in specific fields (such as Gaussian boson sampling and random quantum circuit sampling), and there is still a long way to go before realizing its commercial value.
In the long run, as quantum computer technology continues to advance, its computing power will continue to increase in the coming years, allowing quantum computers to play a role in more scenarios.
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