The current and future period is a period in which the mainland is prone to all kinds of contradictions and risks, and there has been a marked increase in all kinds of foreseeable and unforeseeable risk factors. We must persist in coordinating development and security, enhance our awareness of opportunities and risks, establish bottom-line thinking, estimate difficulties more fully, think more deeply about risks, pay attention to plugging loopholes, strengths and weaknesses, play a good game of chess, fight the battle of initiative, effectively prevent and defuse all kinds of risks and challenges, and ensure the smooth progress of the cause of socialist modernization.
——Explanation by General Secretary Xi Jinping at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Proposal of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives for the Year 2035 (October 26, 2020)
Promote the transformation of the public safety governance model to pre-prevention
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "adhere to safety first, prevention first, establish a framework for major security and emergency response, improve the public security system, and promote the transformation of the public security governance model to pre-prevention". This is an overall reconstruction of the public security governance model, and points out the direction for comprehensively improving the level of public security governance. To embark on a new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way and strive to write a new chapter in public security governance, we must make great efforts to prevent and resolve major security risks, and earnestly safeguard the safety of people's lives and property and social stability.
One
Safety first, prevention first
The "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Reform and Development of the Field of Work Safety" takes "persistence in prevention at the source" as a basic principle. The "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Reform of the System and Mechanism for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief" emphasizes "persisting in giving priority to prevention and combining prevention, resistance and rescue". Prevention is an important part of the safety production policy, and it is also an important concept of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, which has important theoretical and practical significance for effectively preventing and resolving major safety risks and effectively improving the level of emergency management.
Production safety accidents and natural disasters are preventable and controllable, and the probability of accidents can be reduced by preventing unsafe behaviors of people and improving the safety and reliability of things through effective technical and management means. At the same time, on the basis of scientific understanding of the causes of extinction and the law of disaster prevention, timely forecasting of disaster information and early prevention can effectively reduce the loss of life and property of the people. Pre-prevention is a more economical, safer and more effective public safety strategy, which must be placed in the priority position of emergency management, so as to realize the transformation from "passive defense" to "source management and active prevention and control", from "random safety" to "intrinsic safety", from "traditional security" to "smart security", from "local control" to "system governance", effectively prevent and resolve safety risks, eliminate potential safety hazards, effectively curb the occurrence of major accidents, and minimize the losses caused by disasters.
Two
Solve problems in the bud and before they become disasters
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "it is necessary to improve the risk prevention and resolution mechanism, insist on preventing and resolving major security risks from the source, and truly solve the problem in the bud and before it becomes a disaster." The process of accumulating security risks is the process of transforming risks from quantitative to qualitative changes. The earlier the intervention, the more measures can be taken, the greater the reserved space, and the higher the possibility of controlling the damage to a minimum or even no damage; through the dense weaving of the civil air defense, physical defense, and technical defense networks, from the aspects of ideology, institutional mechanisms, working methods, and policy guarantees, targeted countermeasures are taken to achieve the overall reduction of security risks, and even to comprehensively resolve security risks, so as to achieve the goal of prevention in advance and improve the level of emergency management.
Highlight advanced governance. "Supplementation" does not have to wait for the "lost sheep", the major risks that endanger public safety are dealt with at the front end, and preventive, preventive, and interventional measures are adopted to strengthen prediction, monitoring and early warning, so as to ensure early detection, early reporting, and early intervention, and comprehensive and effective prevention and resolution.
Highlight system governance. "Those who do not seek the overall situation are not enough to seek a domain", the pre-prevention and management runs through all aspects of the entire process of economic and social development, and the public security governance system combines strict hierarchical governance with industry governance, government governance, and social governance, and organizes and mobilizes all forces to implement social co-governance; comprehensively uses legal, administrative, economic, and market means to implement civil air defense, technical defense, and physical defense measures, and comprehensively improves the ability of public security governance.
Highlight governance according to law. The Law on Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction clearly states that "the principle of giving priority to prevention and combining prevention with rescue should be implemented in the work of preventing and reducing disasters by giving priority to prevention and combining prevention with rescue"; the flood prevention regulations stipulate that "the principle of 'safety first, constant preparedness, prevention first, and all-out emergency rescue' shall be practiced in flood prevention work"; and the drought control regulations emphasize that "the principle of putting people first, giving priority to prevention, combining prevention with resistance, adapting measures to local conditions, taking into account overall considerations, and subordinating local interests to the interests of the whole should be implemented in the flood prevention work." To effectively prevent and respond to all kinds of emergencies, we must always adhere to the rule of law and have a basis in the law, and better play the role of the rule of law in guiding and guaranteeing and preventing in advance by consolidating the foundation, stabilizing expectations, and benefiting the long-term.
Three
Start from the source, start from the details, and make up for the shortcomings
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that "start from the source, start from the details, start from the shortcomings, build a strong line of defense, and guard the bottom line". This has set up standards and clarified methods for the prevention and resolution of major safety risks, requiring emergency management to focus on risk prevention, eliminating hidden dangers, strengthening source control, fine control, and making up for shortcomings, strengths and weaknesses.
Strengthen source control. Strengthen the construction of systems, give full play to the role of systems in managing the source, the fundamentals, and the long-term, make full use of the results of the national comprehensive risk survey of natural disasters, scientifically delineate disaster fortification standards, and actively explore the establishment of a mechanism for restricting natural disasters on red lines; persist in ensuring safety access at the source, further improve the safety risk assessment and demonstration system for major projects and projects, and the mechanism for joint examination and inspection by departments, so as to strictly prevent the transfer of safety risks in high-risk industries such as chemical industry.
Strengthen fine control. Finely analyze the security situation, carefully study and judge safety risks, finely formulate targeted prevention and response measures, improve and improve the early identification and inspection mechanism of natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, geological disasters, forest and grassland fires, and timely release early warning information to affected areas to ensure that it is conveyed to front-line posts and threatened groups in the first time; Fishery vessels and other industries risk tracking and analysis, fine analysis of the problems exposed by emerging accidents, timely organization and implementation of special governance.
Strengthen the management and control of shortcomings. We will improve the information-based monitoring and early warning system, strengthen the application of satellite remote sensing monitoring for emergency response and disaster reduction, accelerate the realization of intelligent coordination of satellites, radars, and ground observation stations, implement the information-based project for natural disaster monitoring and early warning, and continuously eliminate the shortcomings and weaknesses of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief.
Four
Play a good first move to prevent and resolve risks
General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that "play a good first move, fight the active battle, effectively prevent and resolve all kinds of risks and challenges, and ensure the smooth progress of the cause of socialist modernization". Playing a good first move is an inevitable requirement for striving for the initiative to prevent and defuse major security risks, and it must be placed in a more prominent position. In the face of various severe and complex risks and challenges, only by grasping the initiative to prevent and resolve risks can we seize the opportunity, resolve the crisis and ensure safety.
It is necessary to pay attention to being prepared for danger in times of peace. "All things are foreseen, and those who are not prepared are wasted. "Be prepared for danger in times of peace, be prepared, and be prepared." "Only by enhancing the sense of worry, thinking about the worst and working for the best can we calmly deal with risks and minimize the damage caused by risks.
It is necessary to grasp the rules of safety. There are always rules to follow in the occurrence and development of things, and emergency management is no exception, so we must find the key points in the risk investigation, find the law in the management of hidden dangers, and find out the similarities and differences in the comparison of safety events, so that the risks can be resolved in a timely manner, and the hidden dangers should be eliminated in a timely manner, so as to firmly guard the bottom line of safety.
It is necessary to grasp the early and small signs. For safety risk points, with a more proactive attitude, frequent inspection, detailed inspection, strict inspection, early detection, early notification, early treatment, eliminate major risks in the bud, maximize the safety problems in the initial stage, to avoid small problems into big problems, to avoid small hidden dangers into major accidents.
Source: Excerpt from "In-depth Study and Implementation of Xi Jinping's Important Expositions on Emergency Management"
Editor/Producer: Zhu Xinkai
Reviewer: Deng Boya
Review: Liu Chunxiang