Abstract:Special fiber is an important strategic material urgently needed for the development of aerospace and defense industry, and plays an irreplaceable role in promoting various strategic emerging industries and low-carbon economy, energy conservation and emission reduction, and is one of the symbols of a country's comprehensive strength and technological innovation. In recent years, with the national economic development and the implementation of various national strategic plans, the application demand for high-performance fiber materials such as special fibers in aerospace, national defense and military industry, new energy vehicles, rail transit, civil engineering, biomedicine and other fields has maintained rapid growth, and the scale of the national special fiber industry has been accelerated. According to statistics, the scale of the mainland high-performance fiber market will exceed 45 billion yuan in 2023.
1. Definitions and Classification
Special fibersSpecial fibers are chemical fibers with special physical and chemical structures, properties and uses, or chemical fibers with special functions. Such as polytetrafluoroethylene fiber, polyisophthaloyl-m-phenylenediamine fiber, polybenzimidazole fiber, phenolic fiber, metal chelating fiber, activated carbon fiber, etc. According to the classification of performance, special fibers can be divided into various categories such as corrosion-resistant fibers, high-temperature resistant fibers, flame-resistant fibers, high-strength and high-modulus fibers, functional fibers and elastomer fibers.
Second, industry policies
In recent years, the relevant departments of the central and local governments in the mainland have issued a series of policies, proposing to strengthen the research and development of key technologies and equipment in the new material industry such as special fibers, and expand the application of special fiber materials such as carbon fiber in new energy, automobile manufacturing, aerospace and other fields. As mentioned in the "Guiding Opinions on the High-quality Development of the Chemical Fiber Industry", the production and application level of carbon fiber, aramid, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, polyimide fiber, polyphenylene sulfide fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene fiber, and continuous basalt fiber will be improved, and the application of high-performance fibers in aerospace, wind and photovoltaic power generation, marine engineering, environmental protection, safety protection, geotechnical construction, transportation and other fields will be further expanded; The formulation of recommended national standards in the field of additive manufacturing materials and other key basic materials has been promoted. The development environment of the domestic special fiber industry is good.
3. Industry barriers
1. Technical barriers
Compared with general-purpose fiber composite materials, the manufacturing technology of special fiber composite products has a high degree of integration and complex technological flow. Entering the field of special fiber composite materials not only requires enterprises to have high-quality R&D and manufacturing teams, strong technical R&D strength, and the ability to develop and manufacture adaptable products according to market demand, but also requires enterprises to have relatively complete production equipment to achieve efficient and large-scale production of special fiber products with the help of advanced production equipment. Therefore, the special fiber industry has high technical barriers.
2. Brand barriers
Specialty fiber materials are the basic materials in their application fields, which directly affect the performance and quality of the end product. Generally speaking, downstream customers in the industry are more cautious about the selection of special fiber products, and will not easily choose to change the supplier of special fiber materials. In this case, product brand and quality have gradually become an important factor in the market competition of special fiber enterprises. Brand building is a long-term work, and the brand barriers in the industry are highlighted.
3. Market access barriers
The main application fields of special fibers include high-temperature fireproof materials, electrical insulation, tires and bulletproof and other high-tech fields of national defense, and various industries in the above fields have strict industry standards and regulations, especially in the field of safety, products need to go through a series of strict testing, certification and a series of work, which is greatly affected by the national industry policy orientation. The marketing of special fiber products is difficult and the cycle is long. At the same time, new entrants will face many obstacles in the construction of market sales networks.
Fourth, the industrial chain
1. Analysis of the industry chain
The upstream of the special fiber industry chain is mainly raw material suppliers, including fossil raw material production suppliers such as oil, natural gas, and coal, as well as natural raw material production suppliers such as plant fiber and animal fiber. The middle of the industrial chain is the production and processing of special fibers, including the spinning, stretching, heat treatment, surface treatment and other process links of fibers, representing enterprises such as Yizheng Chemical Fiber, Weiqiao Group, Hengli Chemical Fiber, Xinxiang Chemical Fiber, etc. The downstream of the industrial chain is the application field of special fibers, including aerospace, national defense and military industry, transportation, biomedicine, etc.
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