Recently, I saw that the teacher of Broken Eagle Cliff mentioned that Liu Hui studied in Sima Hui in Nanyang Anzhong, and speculated that Sima Hui was teaching in Wan instead of Xiangyang or Yingchuan in the early days, and other Nanyang friends asked me if it was possible that Sima Hui was teaching in Anzhong.
It is still very easy to refute these inferences, after all, Xiang Lang from Yicheng in Nanjun and Yin Mo and Li Ren from Fu County in Yizhou also came to study from Sima Hui, so it will not be deduced that they will go to the hometowns of these people.
But if you have a calm mind and have more patience, you will find that the speculation of Nanyang's friends is reasonable, and the focus is on Liu Hui's age.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Liu Hui" "Liu Hui's character is Gonghei, and everyone in Nanyang is also." At the age of ten, he played in the lecture hall, and Yingchuan Sima De manipulated his head and said......" "Huang Chu died in the second year (221) ("Farewell Biography" cloud: forty-two years old)".
Extrapolating it, Liu Hui was born in 180 years, considering the virtual age, the time of his "drama in the lecture hall" is 189 years, this age is not very reasonable to leave his hometown for 100 miles to study, the point is that Liu Biao has not yet entered Yicheng at this time, where did he come from Xiangyang Academic Hall.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Liu Biao" "Changsha is too guarded by Zhang Xian's rebellion, and the watch has been around for many years. Xian died of illness, Changsha re-established his son Yi, and then attacked and coaxed, collected zero and Gui in the south, and Hanchuan in the north, thousands of miles in place, with more than 100,000 armor. ("Heroes" said: The state borders are exhausted, and the table is to open a school official and seek Confucian scholars).
"The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The Biography of Liu Biao" (Jian'an) three years, Changsha Taishou Zhang Xian led the three counties of Lingling and Guiyang to send troops to attack the siege, break the envy, and peace...... Thousands of miles are clear, and the size is salty and pleasant. There are thousands of returnees from Guanxi, Yan and Yu, and they are all fully funded. Then the school was erected".
Both biographies place Liu Biao's school after Zhang Xian's rebellion, if you press the "Huan Jiechuan", Zhang Xian's rebellion may have occurred after Guandu (205), plus "not down for many years", so in my chronology, the time of Liu Biao's establishment of the school official is placed in the seventh year of Jian'an (202). At this time, Liu Xuan was 23 years old, not to mention this age, he would not be so crazy after 13.
Therefore, before Liu Biao officially established an official school, there were still private schools in Jingzhou. Including Zhuge Liang and others, the official history has never recorded that they have entered Liu Biao's official school, but only traveled to Jingzhou.
We have mentioned many times before, in "Wei Luo", Zhuge Liang had two periods of study tour in Jingzhou, one was "the beginning of Jian'an", and the other was "In the middle of the early peace, the soldiers of Zhongzhou rose, (Xu Shu) was with Taonan Kejingzhou, and he was kind to Zhuge Liang. It shows that from 190 to 193, Zhuge Liang had already arrived in Jingzhou, and Jingzhou was undetermined at this time, Liu Biao did not have the energy to run a school, and there were few people who came to him.
So if the "ten years old" in "The Biography of Liu Hui" is not missing, Sima Hui has already lived in Jingzhou in 189, where is the possibility of teaching?
Yicheng and Xiangyang, south of Hanshui, were full of thieves (dangerous) at this time, and it was really Nanyang County under the rule of the famous eunuch Yang Xu was more suitable for shelter. It is reasonable for Sima Hui to teach in the vicinity of the county of Wancheng or the Liu family of Anzhong. The only problem is that the days of peace are too short, the sheep will continue to die, in 190 Sun Jian killed Nanyang Taishou Zhang Zhi, after Yuan Shu won Nanyang, will Sima Hui leave?
Personally, I think that Sima Hui is more likely to stay in Nanyang, because Xiangyang is still unstable at this time, and there is a war between Sun Jian and Liu Biao in 192, and then Liu Biao will need a period of time to build a very underdeveloped small city of Xiangyang.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Mao Jue" "will avoid chaos in Jingzhou, but before he arrived, he heard that Liu Biao's decree was unknown, so he went to Luyang (Yuan Shu's base camp). (Before "Taizu came to Yanzhou" in 192) is a good example.
Yuan Shu was actually quite prestigious in his early years, gathering a large number of scholars such as Shi Yiguan and Hua Xin (it was only because Yuan Shu was defeated that everyone claimed to be coerced). In addition, the Nanyang clan has no reason to migrate at this time, and there are many people that Sima Hui can rely on.
If, according to Wei Luo, Xu Shu met Zhuge Liang in Jingzhou in the early years of the Ping Dynasty (190-193), it should also be more reasonable that he was in Nanyang under Yuan Shu, and they may have been in contact with Sima Hui in Nanyang.
Of course, Sima Hui's subsequent intersection with Pang Degong, Liu Biao, and Liu Cong in Xiangyang cannot be completely regarded as a fabrication of books such as "Xiangyang Old Records". It is estimated that there is no need to wait for Cao Cao's expedition in 197, just in 195 when a large number of displaced people and hungry soldiers from Guanzhong poured into Nanyang, Sima Hui may leave Nanyang.
But if you have to take into account all the historical materials, I believe that Pang Tong traveled 2,000 miles to Yingchuan to visit Sima Hui in "Shishuo Xinyu" and other records, then Sima Hui may have returned to Yingchuan in 195-197, and then he may have thrown himself south to Xiangyang because of Yingchuan's "land of four wars".
"The Land of the Four Wars" is what Xun Yu said, he and Guo Jia, Xin Bi, Xu Shu and others fled Yingchuan as early as about 190, and those who remained in Yingchuan after that were all warriors, and those who survived were all lucky.
Where was Sima Hui before 197, it has nothing to do with Zhuge Liang's ploughing issue, and now the readers of this number are mainly lovers of ploughing the ploughing issue, so let's pull it back - is it possible for Zhuge Liang to plough in Anzhong?
At present, there is really no direct evidence, and we can only cite circumstantial evidence step by step to strive for even a 1% possibility.
First of all, Anzhong County is very in line with the identity of "Nanyang", the two Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms have been in Nanyang County (not assigned to Nanxiang and Yiyang County) from the Jin Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty still belongs to Nanyang County (Dengzhou), even when Nanyang was the smallest, Anzhong has never been separated from it, and it is an "iron core".
Map of Nanyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty
Map of Nanyang of the Three Kingdoms
Map of Dengzhou in the Tang Dynasty
From the distance point of view, Anzhong is closer to Xinye, which is convenient for Liu Bei to visit three times, and it is also closer to the water than Wan, which is in line with the "Yang of the Mountains".
"Later Teacher's Table" said that Cao Cao was "trapped in Nanyang, in danger of Wuchao, in danger of Qilian, forced in Liyang, defeated Bo (North) Mountain several times, and died in Tongguan". The last five places are all small place names below the county level, so Nanyang friends have always believed that "Nanyang" here is also a county-level unit, and it can only be Wan. But in fact, it is more likely to refer to Anzhong.
Cao Cao's first expedition to Zhang Xiu was raided at night in Wancheng ("Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Dian Wei" "Attack on Taizu's Camp"), and he collapsed directly, and he was not "trapped" at all. Nanyang's friends forcibly extended it to "is a dilemma in life".
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms: Emperor Wu Ji" in the Anzhong "The public army is not allowed to enter, and the battalion is slightly ahead." "When I went to Anzhong, I embroidered with the soldiers to guard the danger, and the public army was attacked before and after. Gong is a night to dig the danger for the tunnel, and he has been burdened. "Capture me and return to my master, and fight me to the death." From the words "no entry", "enemy before and after", "dead land" and other words, it can be seen that "besieged", and they are all forced to dig tunnels, but when I fought with my friends in Nanyang, they refused to admit it.
"Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Li Tong" "The Taizu Army is unfavorable. The generals and soldiers sang Taizu at night, and Taizu was able to resume the war. "If there is no Li Tong, whether Cao Taizu can get out of trouble is a matter of two words.
Of course, Nanyang friends like to say, "You give an example of Anzhong Guiyang!", I have never understood why "a certain place belongs to Nanyang" has to be said to be "a certain place is Nanyang". And "Later Teacher's Table" uses "trapped in Nanyang" to describe the battle of Anzhong, isn't it already an example, in fact, I want to give a second example.
"Hanshu Geographical Chronicles" "An Zhong, Hou Guo." So Wan Xixiang. Therefore, Anzhong used to be a part of Wan, considering the legacy of folk customs, this place is fully qualified to become the name of "Nanyang". In the Jin Dynasty, Anzhong was incorporated into Wan, and to this day, Luhe Town still belongs to Nanyang Wolong District. All in all, Anzhong and Wan have been one for at least 1,500 years, Wan can be called Nanyang, how can Anzhong not be called?
Shoot on location
Interestingly, when I visited Nanyang Luhe Town, Du Yan Street and Anzhong Street were very close to each other, but unfortunately there was no Du Yan County on the two Han Dynasty maps on Tan Qixiang's map. ("Later Han Shu County Chronicles" Nanyang County has no Du Yan.) "Chronicle of the Yuanhai" "Duyan County, Eastern Han Province, Anzhong, Yuyang, Jin Province. ”）
Teacher Chong Qihe believes that Nanyang Wollongong belonged to Duyan County in the Han Dynasty and should be the Western Han Dynasty and has nothing to do with Zhuge Liang. And since Anzhong was cut out of Wanxian County, of course, Anzhong is closer to Wancheng, and the probability that Wollongong belongs to Anzhong is greater. When Li Xian commented on the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, he only said that Du Yan was in the southwest of Nanyang County, and did not say who was in the middle, which may have been misleading.
Similarly, Nieyang, which is inserted between Wan and Anzhong, should also be changed with Anzhong, and now it is generally believed that Nieyang is in Dongdong Town, Dengzhou, and the hometown of Zhang Zhongjing, a native of Nieyang, is in Zhangzhai in Dongdong.
Shoot on location
Tan Tu's mistake may come from the misleading of later generations, such as "The Unification Chronicles of the Ming Dynasty" "Zhenping County is seventy miles west of Fucheng, Benhan Anzhong County, belongs to Nanyang County, Jin changed to Anchang County, belongs to Yiyang County, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties were abolished as the northern countryside of Sui County." "It is very outrageous to pull Zhenping in the west of Nanyang to Anchang (now Zaoyangnan) in the east of Xiangyang.
In the fourth year of Emperor Wu Yuanshuo (125 BC), Anzhong set up a separate state, and Liu Dan was the Marquis of Anzhong, and Liu Xiu's ancestor Liu Mai belonged to the son of Liu Fa, the king of Changsha.
At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Chong, Liu Long, and Liu Xuan, the clansmen of the Liu family, participated in the battle against Wang Mang, all of whom were meritorious. Liu Hui is a descendant of the Marquis of Anzhong, so the family's status in Anzhong is extremely high.
"Book of the Later Han Dynasty" "Taichang Nanyang Liu Yi is commonplace". "Zhuo soldier Dasheng. It is a satire on the imperial court to dismiss Sikong Liu Hong and replace him. "Wei Zhi" said: "It will be avoided if it does not rain for a long time." "Han Guanyi" said: "The word is high, and everyone is safe." It can be seen that the Liu family of Anzhong also produced three dukes at the end of the Han Dynasty.
"Book of Jin: The Biography of Liu Qiao" "Liu Qiao's character is Zhongyan, and he is also from Nanyang." Its ancestors of the Han clan, the marquis of Feng'an, passed down for three generations. Zu Xuan, Wei Shizhong. Father Fu, Chen Liuxiang. "General Zhendong and Liu Qiao, the assassin of Yuzhou, is a general at the same level as Liu Hong, and he also participated in the Ping Zhangchang, and everyone should often see his name when they check Liu Hong. It is unimaginable to be able to achieve this level without a huge family power.
"Henan Tongzhi" "Purple City is in the northwest corner of Zhenping County, there is an old site, the residence of the Marquis of Anzhong, commonly known as the Purple City. ”
"Anzhongcheng is thirty miles southwest of Fucheng, Han County, belongs to Nanyang County, is Liu Chongfengyi, there is Tulu Mountain, out of purple quartz, that is, Anzhongpu. (After this paragraph, it is followed by Tang Xuhun's "Nanyang Daozhong", "I don't know who learned Wuhou Geng.") It means that this poem was written in Anzhong, which is one of the important evidences of Anzhong's competition for cultivating land, although it is a little later. ）
"The Unification of the Qing Dynasty" Anzhong Ancient City...... Jin Province entered Wan County, and Yongkang first named Liu Qiao (Qiao) as the male of Anzhong County, that is, the old county. "Water Jing Note" turbulent water and southeast of the south of the ancient city of Anzhong County, the county is the west of Wan.
The "Nanyang Liu Ziji" often cited by the Broken Eagle Cliff Climbing Teacher is also from An Zhong Liu. Nanyang Liu Dozhi, Deng Cang's "Jin Ji": "Ziji, Nanyang An. Few quality, vain and few desires. It is good to travel in the mountains and leisure, and to be relaxed. ”
In addition, in "Huayang National Chronicles", there is also a paragraph "(Chen Gang) Chenggu people." Shao and Zhang Zong of the same county were educated in Nanyang, and returned with their mother's mourning. Zong was killed by Liu Yuan, this Liu Yuan does not know his identity, but this paragraph of "Chenggu", "Nanyang" and "Anzhong" is carried out at the same time, giving people the illusion that Nanyang seems to be a county, which can help Nanyang friends. When Zhang Heng is quoted in "Taiping Yulan", there is also "Zhao Xi of Nanyang, Zhao Xi, Xicao Rafter, Anzhong, Zheng Jun, known as a good name." "A paragraph, which is also Nanyang and Anzhong, is interesting.
"Book of Liang" Liu Tan, the word Dedu, Nanyang Anzhong, the seventh grandson of Qiao, the general of Jin Zhendong.
"Yuanhe surname compilation" Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty Changsha Ding Wang Fa Shaozi, An Zhong Hou Dan, Xi Fuyang, descendant Sun Qiao, Qiao Shengting, Tingsheng Jian, Tan, Tan Sheng, Shang Shuling, great-grandson Qiu, Dangyang Ling, Shengzi Xuan, Liang Duguan Shangshu, nephew Sun Bin, Sui Youchuan.
Citing so many materials of Anzhong's Liu family, in fact, it is not directly related to Zhuge Liang, I just want to prove that Anzhong has such a big family that has been entrenched for many years, which is enough to build a dock fort and gather thousands of people to protect themselves, and there is no need to move to the north of the Han River for refuge. Of course, the reality is that according to "The Biography of Liu Hui", Liu Hui and his brother Liu Wangzhi were indeed by Liu Biao's side, and after Liu Wangzhi was killed, Liu Hui defected to Yangzhou instead of returning to Anzhong, and it is estimated that Anzhong Liu was not enough to fight against the army.
According to the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" and "Huayang National Chronicles", there is an Zhong Ling Cheng Yi, then An Zhong is a large county with more than 10,000 households, and it is also around the imperial township, so naturally there is more than one big family, let's look for it again.
Nanyang people and cultural relics lovers across the country are very familiar with Tianlu to ward off evil spirits, is the treasure of the Nanyang Han Portrait Museum, from the Han Dynasty Zongzi Tomb and Zongjun Tomb (still controversial).
Shoot on location
Shoot on location
This is a network diagram
The Zong family is a big family of Nanyang Anzhong, and their tombs are not buried in Anzhong, but buried in Wan County, which shows that Anzhong and Wan County are close to each other. It may also be that the clan family is just registered and the land property is in Anzhong, and the mansion is in Wancheng.
"Henan Tongzhi" "Zongzi house in the northeast ancient city of Nanyang County, Zongzi is a famous family in Nanyang, the house bears the county Guo, a gate eunuch to the Qing Mansion 34 people, there is a tomb in the northeast of the county. ”
"The Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the Biography of Song Jun" has been verified in all dynasties, and it is believed that this is undoubtedly "Zongjun", and its clan is Zongyi, and Zongyi Sun is Sikong Zongju. "Sikong Zongju Monument" is also a famous monument, Zongju's grandfather is Si Li Taishou, his father Runan Taishou, "two thousand stones" in the past dynasties. In the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Zongyi's father Zong Jing is still the Taishou of Liaodong.
It is a bit strange that the name of the master can be written incorrectly in the Han book, in fact, there are quite a lot of cases of miswriting Song and Zong in ancient books, including Song Zhong (heart), who is familiar with Liu Biao's subordinates, "Henan Tongzhi" was written as a Zong, but Song Zhen is a native of Nanyang Zhangling, this is clear.
But "Shang Youlu" also has "Song Shengzhi, Nanyang An people".
Ouyang Xiu's "Collection of Ancient Records": "When the people were in the Han Dynasty, there were two clans, the Song Dynasty, and the characters and sounds were similar, so there were many false and evil people? ”
In the Han Dynasty, the Nanyang clan also had Zong Yao, Zong Guang, Zong Ci, etc., among which Zong Ci was one of the "Eight Gus" of the party. Later generations of Zong Bing, Zong Yue, Zong Ru Zhou, Zong Yi and so on are not listed one by one, and a Zong Yu also invented the famous saying "ride the long wind and break the waves of thousands of miles".
The mention of so many is just to prove that the Anzhong clan has been entrenched in Nanyang for hundreds of years, although some people have not marked Anzhong, but they also live in Nieyang, Yexian, Wan and other places.
But this still doesn't seem to be necessarily related to Zhuge Liang's cultivation of the land, because we are originally interested in history, and we don't necessarily leave Zhuge Liang in every word.
Turning back to the topic, there are two members of the An Zhongzong family who have a relationship with the Three Kingdoms, one is the Zongzhu who follows Zhang Fei and Zhuge Liang, and the other is the Zongcheng who has a lot of entanglements with Cao Cao.
"Zong Pre-Biography" "Zong Pre-word Deyan, Nanyang An is also a person." In Jian'an, he flew into Shu with Zhang. At the beginning of Jianxing, Prime Minister Liang thought it was the main book. "The main book is equivalent to a secretary, and they are basically hardcore cronies, and Liao Hua is Guan Yu's main book. (Historically, Lu Bu was Ding Yuan's main book, and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" directly wrote him as Ding Yuan's godson...... ）
Therefore, An Zhongzong is a member of Zhuge Liang's very clear "Nanyang Circle of Friends".
Of course, the place of origin does not mean the place of permanent residence, what if the case is to go south to vote for Liu Biao first, and then vote for Liu Bei, and meet Zhuge Liang in Xiangyang or Xinye?
Then look at Zong Cheng, also called Zong Shilin. "The Biography of the Filial Son" has a story about him making a grave for his father's ancestors. "Records of Famous Scholars in the Late Han Dynasty" has a meeting between Yuan Shu and Nanyang Zongcheng, but it is not mentioned in front of the party.
"The Legend of the Ancestors of the Chu State" and "The New Language of the World" both record that Cao Cao visited Zong Cheng when he was weak, but Zong Cheng "was very thin on his person" and "refused to accept it". At the end of 196, after Cao Cao was appointed as Sikong, he asked Zong Cheng again, "Can you hand it over?" Zong Cheng said a famous saying: "The ambition of pine and cypress still exists." Since then, Cao Cao has been "thin and courteous", and the Cao Pi brothers often worship under the bed of Zongcheng. Later, Zong Cheng also followed Cao Cao to Ye.
Before, I only paid attention to Zong Cheng Zhiye, thinking that it was the early years of Jian'an, when Cao Cao conquered Zhang Xiu, he captured Zong Cheng back to Xu County, wanting to prove that the Zong family held on to Anzhong Manor and refused to retreat south. But when I wrote this, I found that they had met in the first year of Jian'an, so there is a high probability that Zong Cheng has been with Emperor Xian, so this statement is not true.
But on the other hand, Zong Cheng received Cao Cao's courtesy, and the An Zhong clan should have fully surrendered to Cao, why did Zong Pre still appear by Liu Bei's side?
But no matter what the Zong family thinks, with Zong Cheng in Cao Cao's camp, they actually don't have to worry about being raided by Cao Jun. And Cao Jun was defeated from Anzhong, and it was inevitable that the Zong family would let some of the clansmen vote for Liu Biao plus double insurance. Waiting for Liu Bei Tun Xinye, close to An Zhong, of course, he must have a good relationship with Liu Bei. This is the way of survival of the Nanyang clan, there is no need to give up the huge family business and ancestors (Cao Cao is very famous for robbing tombs), and start from scratch in Nanyang.
With the existence of such a big family, Zhuge Liang and other people can be attached at any time, and it does not mean that they must flee to Xiangyang, where talents are "crowded". Before the establishment of the Xiangyang official school, Anzhong's clan or Liu family was actually a good place to study.
Of course, Anzhong is not only a family.
Tang Zhang Jiuling's "Surname Source Rhyme" "Xiangyang Anzhong Pang Shi, his family is prosperous, so it is a house, and the township party is honorable, called Pang House." "During the Jin Dynasty, Anzhong County disappeared after being incorporated into Wan County, so it should refer to the Han or Three Kingdoms period.
Xiangyang has never been in charge of Anzhong County, which should be understood here as the Pang family lives in Xiangyang, but the ancestral source of the county is in Anzhong. This is reminiscent of "Xiangyang Old Records": "Sima Decao tastes the creation of the public, is worth the public crossing, and worships the tombs of the ancestors." "Pang Degong lives on Yuliangzhou, and it is generally believed that he crossed to Nanbaisha, where Pang Tong is located, but if the Pang family ancestor is in Anzhong in the north, it also makes sense.
Anzhong has a Pang family, Sima Hui may be in Anzhong, then Pang Tong is to see Sima Hui in Anzhong, and then go to Wanxian Purple Mountain to play, it all makes sense. No matter how weak the evidence and reasoning of my article are, if they are strung together as a chain, there is a place.
Of course, I will also mention the material that is not good for me. "Later Han Dynasty" "In August of the ninth year of Jian'an, Xin Si, Feng Xiao He was the Marquis of An. "Is this a false seal, or has Cao Cao already taken control of Anzhong County this year? This is the same mystery as the king of Nanyang in the fifth year of Jian'an.