Reading guide: When it comes to saints, the first thing that comes to everyone's mind must be Confucius. But in fact, this is not the case, there were many saints in ancient China, who were called saints because they had made great achievements in their fields (they must be groundbreaking) and were recognized by the world. There is a description of a saint in the "Zizhi Tongjian": "A saint who is full of talent and virtue." It can be seen from this that a person must be recognized by the world for his virtue and talent to be called a saint. So, from ancient times to the present, how many saints have there been in China, and why have they become holy? Let us now learn about the saints in the history of the Chinese nation
（1）
The Great Sage (Lao Sheng) Lao Tzu
Lao Tzu (c. 571 BC - 471 BC), surnamed Li Ming'er, the character Dan (dan). Born in the Spring and Autumn Period of the Zhou Dynasty, Chen Guoku County, is a great thinker, philosopher, writer and historian in ancient times, the founder and main representative of the Taoist school, posthumously regarded as the ancestor of the surname Li by the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, is one of the world's 100 celebrities, the core of his thought is the simple dialectic, advocating the rule of inaction. He is known as the first of the three great sages of the East, because Confucius has asked for salutes and sought the Tao from Lao Tzu several times. Therefore, since ancient times, it has been known as "Lao Tzu's first in the world".
The purple gas comes three thousand miles from the east, and there is no one in Yangguan in the west
（2）
Wen Sheng (Most Holy) Confucius
Confucius (September 28, 551 B.C. - April 11, 479 B.C.), surnamed Confucius and Zhongni, was a native of Lu (now Qufu, Shandong), a famous Chinese thinker and educator. Confucius pioneered the practice of private lectures and was the founder of Confucianism. He was trained by Lao Tzu, and then traveled around the world for 14 years, and revised the Six Classics in his later years, and it is said that he had 3,000 disciples, including 72 sages. Confucius was known as the "Sage of Heaven", was the most learned person at that time, and was revered by later generations as the Sage of Confucius, the Most Holy, the Most Holy Teacher, the Most Holy Wenxuan Wang of Dacheng, and the Master of All Ages. His Confucianism had a deep influence on China and the world, and Confucius was listed as the first of the "Top Ten Cultural Celebrities in the World". With the expansion of Confucius's influence, it once became a level of existence with God and a benchmark for Chinese culture.
The gentleman is frank, and the villain is a relative
（3）
Yuan Sheng Zhou Gong
The surname is Ji Mingdan, the fourth son of Ji Chang, King Wen of Zhou, who twice assisted King Wu of Zhou to conquer the king of the east and made ceremonial music. He was an outstanding politician, military strategist, thinker, and educator in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, and was respected as a "Yuan Sheng" and a pioneer of Confucianism. Jia Yi commented on Zhou Gong: Before Confucius, after the Yellow Emperor, there was a big relationship in China, and Zhou Gong was alone.
Zhou Gong vomited and fed, and the world returned to the heart
（4）
Wine St. Du Kang
Du Kang, also known as Shaokang, the monarch of the Xia Dynasty, a native of Luoyang today, because Du Kang is good at making wine, later generations will respect Du Kang as the god of wine, and the wine industry will worship Du Kang as the ancestor. It is the "ancestor of winemaking" in ancient Chinese legends. He was revered as "Wine Saint" and "Wine Ancestor" by later generations.
How to solve the worries, only Du Kang
（5）
Medical saint Zhang Zhongjing
Zhang Zhongjing, a famous machine, the word Zhongjing, Nieyang County, Nanyang, Eastern Han Dynasty, a famous medical scientist in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, he collected medical prescriptions extensively, and wrote the masterpiece "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases". He has made great contributions to the field of prescription medicine, and has been respected by generations of medical scientists, and the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment established by him is the basic principle of clinical practice of Chinese medicine and the soul of Chinese medicine. He was revered as the "medical saint" by later generations.
Be diligent in seeking ancient teachings and learn from others
（6）
Poet Saint Du Fu
Du Fu, whose name is beautiful, is of Han nationality, a native of Xiangyang, and later migrated to Gong County, Henan. Self-named Shaoling Ye Lao, a great realist poet of the Tang Dynasty, and Li Bai are collectively called "Li Du". Du Fu's influence on classical Chinese poetry was very far-reaching, and he was called the "poet saint" by later generations.
It will be the top of the mountain, and the mountains will be seen at a glance
（7）
Book Saint Wang Xizhi
Wang Xizhi, the word Yi Shao, Han nationality, a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, his masterpiece "Orchid Pavilion Preface" is known as "the first line of books in the world". Its calligraphy is good at both li, grass, Kai, and line, and the body is carefully studied, the heart is copied and chased, and the strengths of the people are widely drawn, and the body is refined, and it is smelted in a furnace, getting rid of the Han and Wei pen styles, becoming a family of its own, and has a far-reaching influence. The style is peaceful and natural, the gesture is euphemistic and subtle, beautiful and beautiful, so it is called the "book saint".
Soaring like a frightening dragon, graceful like a dragon
（8）
Painting saint Wu Daozi
Wu Daozi, also known as Daoxuan, a famous painter in the Tang Dynasty, once studied calligraphy with Zhang Xu and He Zhizhang, and experienced the way of using the pen by watching Gongsun Auntie dance the sword. He is good at Buddhism, gods and ghosts, people, landscapes, birds and beasts, plants and trees, pavilions, etc., especially good at Buddhism, characters, and is good at mural creation. The history of painting respectfully called him "the saint of painting".
Wu took the wind, and Cao Yi came out of the water
（9）
Tea saint Lu Yu
Lu Yu, the word Hongchuan, Fuzhou Jingling people, a disease, the word Ji defect, the road number Jinglingzi, Sang Lai Weng, Donggangzi, also known as "Chashan Imperial History". He was a famous tea scientist in the Tang Dynasty, known as the "tea fairy", respected as the "tea saint", and worshiped as the "tea god". He loved tea all his life, was proficient in tea ceremony, and wrote the world's first tea monograph - "The Book of Tea".
A device is famous only for tea, and Yuelai is full of tea
（10）
Martial Saint Guan Yu
Guan Yu, the word Changsheng, later changed to the word Yunchang, Hedong County Xie Liangren, a famous general in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, followed Liu Bei to various places in the early days, was captured by Cao Cao, and killed Yuan Shao's general Yan Liang in Baimapo, and Zhang Fei was known as the enemy of ten thousand people. After his death, he was gradually deified and revered by the people as "Guan Gong", also known as the beautiful bearded Gong. In the Qing Dynasty, he was enshrined as "the Emperor of Loyalty, Righteousness, Martial Spirit, Benevolence, Bravery, and Might", and was worshiped as the "Martial Saint", which was as famous as the "Literary Sage" Confucius.
Bravely and loyally swore to repay Liu, and crossed the river to ask for the death of the thief
（11）
Grass Saint Zhang Xu
Zhang Xu, the word Bogao, the word Ji Ming, Han nationality, Tang Dynasty Wu County (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) people, alcoholic as life, every time drunk after the call to go crazy, the pen swaying, when called Zhang Dian. This also shows that he is enthusiastic about art, and he is called "Grass Sage" by later generations.
In front of the prince who took off his hat and exposed his crown, he waved the paper like a cloud of smoke
（12）
Yasheng Mencius
Mencius, Ji surname, Meng, Mingke, Ziyu (to be examined, a word Ziche, Ziju), a native of Zou Cheng during the Warring States Period, a great thinker and educator in ancient China, a representative of Confucianism, and Confucius are called "Confucius and Mencius". During the Yuan Dynasty, Mencius was posthumously named "Ya Shenggong" and honored as "Ya Sheng".
There is much help for the righteous, but little help for the unjust
（13）
Kesheng (Mu Sheng) Zhang Heng
Zhang Heng, the word Pingzi, Han nationality, Nanyang Xi'e people, one of the five sages of Nanyang, a great astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, literary scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty of China, Zhang Heng made outstanding contributions to the development of Chinese astronomy, mechanical technology, seismology, invented the armillary sphere, geodynamic instrument, is one of the representatives of the armillary theory in the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was praised as "Wood Saint" (Ke Sheng) by later generations.
Jingyi reveals the world, and the science and sage are written for thousands of years
（14）
Shang Sheng: Fan Li
Fan Li, the word Shaobo, Huaxia nationality, three households in the Spring and Autumn Period of Chu State. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, he was a famous politician, military strategist, economist and Taoist scholar, an early Taoist scholar, one of the pioneers of Chu Studies, and one of the "Five Sages of Nanyang". He once helped the king of Yue to restore the country, and then retired, and then retired bravely, after becoming famous, he became rich in business three times, scattered his family wealth, and called himself Tao Zhu Gong. Later generations honored him as the "God of Wealth" and "Shang Sheng".
The five lakes are smoky, where is the gold cast Fan Li?
（15）
谋圣 Onitaniko
Guiguzi, surnamed Wang, named Xu, also known as Wang Chan, Wang Li, and the Taoist name Xuanweizi. It is one of the Taoist patriarchs in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the founder of the Zongheng family, the master of the art of war, is a very mysterious figure in Chinese history, for more than 2,000 years, the art of war respected him as a saint, the Zongheng family respected him as the ancestor, the fortune teller respected him as the ancestor of the master, the strategist respected him as the saint, the famous family respected him as the ancestor, the Taoist respected him as the ancestor of Wang Chan, he was thorough, proficient in a hundred schools of learning, and people could not reach. There are more than 500 disciples such as Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Sun Bin Pang Juan, Fan Liganmao, etc., all of whom have been in and out of the phase, and have been famous for thousands of years.
The grand plan is shocking, and the hegemony is shocking
（16）
Zongsheng Zengzi
Zengzi, name ginseng (shēn), the character Ziyu, was a native of Wucheng in the south of Lu in the late Spring and Autumn Period. He is a famous Chinese thinker, one of the late disciples of Confucius, and his father Zeng Dian studied under Confucius, and is an important representative of Confucianism. He occupies an important position in the development of Confucianism, and is revered as a "sage" by later generations, and is one of the four companions who deserve to enjoy the Confucian Temple.
Scholars can't do without Hongyi, and there is a long way to go
（17）
Resurrection of the Holy Grace
Yan Hui, honorific title Yan Zi, the word Ziyuan, was a native of Lu in the late Spring and Autumn Period. He was the most proud protégé of Confucius, extremely learned, never served as an official in his life, and did not leave a hand-me-down, his only words, collected in the "Analects" and other books, his thoughts and Confucius's thoughts are basically the same. Yuan Wenzong enshrined Yan Hui as the Emperor of Yanguo, and was knighted in Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, only called "Fusheng".
A spoonful of food, a scoop of drink, in the alleys, people are unbearable, and they will not change their pleasures
（18）
Narrated by the Holy Son
Kong Ling, the word Zisi, the grandson of Confucius and the son of Confucius, Kong Li. A famous thinker in the Spring and Autumn Period of China, Zisi occupies an important position in the history of the development of Confucianism, he inherited the study of Confucius's golden mean, and opened Mencius's theory of mind, and thus had an important and positive impact on the Song Dynasty.
Honesty is clear, and clarity is sincerity
（19）
Count the saint Liu Hong
Liu Hong, the character Yuan Zhuo, a native of Mengyin County, Taishan County, Eastern Han Dynasty, is an outstanding astronomer and mathematician in ancient times, intelligent and studious since childhood, well-read six arts and books, knowledgeable, especially good at astronomy, calendar, inventor of abacus and discoverer of the theory of uneven lunar motion, and was respected as "the saint of arithmetic" by later generations.
The Tao is so subtle that I dare not discuss it alone
（20）
Shi Sheng, Sima Qian
Sima Qian, with a long character, was a native of Xiayang (now Hanchengnan, Shaanxi). Historian and essayist of the Western Han Dynasty. He was punished by the palace for defending the defeat of Li Ling, and then worked hard to continue to complete the historical books he wrote, and was honored by later generations as Shi Qian, Taishi Gong, and the father of history.
The swan song of the historian, the rhyme of the separation
（21）
Lesheng Li Gui Year
Li Guinian, a musician in the Tang Dynasty, Li Guinian is good at singing, and is also good at playing the basket, playing the drums, and is also good at composing. As a disciple of Liyuan, he has been favored by Tang Xuanzong for many years, and his relationship with Xuanzong is very accessible, and he sang a song "Yichuan Song" by Wang Wei: "The breeze and the moon are bitter and lovesick, and the prodigal son has been from Rong for more than ten years." Recruit people to go to the day of the courteous instructions, return to the Yan to the number of hours attached. He expressed his wish for Tang Xuanzong Nanxing. After singing, he suddenly fainted, and four days later, Li Guinian woke up again, and finally died of depression.
Red beans are born in the south, how many branches are sent in spring?
（22）
Chess saint Yan Ziqing Ma Suiming
Yan Ziqing and Ma Suiming are both famous chess players in the Three Kingdoms, and they are respected as "chess saints" by later generations. "Hug Puzi": "Go is not the enemy, it is called the chess saint, so Yan Ziqing and Ma Suiming have the name of the chess saint today. ”
Wine is not persuaded to drink, and chess is won by not fighting
（23）
The word saint Su Shi
Su Shi, the word Zizhan, also known as Hezhong, the number of Tieguandao, Dongpo layman, known as Su Dongpo, Su Xian, Northern Song Dynasty writer, calligrapher, painter (big foodie). Su Shi was a literary leader in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, and made high achievements in poetry, poetry, prose, calligraphy, and painting. His prose is unbridled and unbridled; his poems are broad in theme, fresh and vigorous, and make good use of exaggerated metaphors, and have a unique style; his words are open and unrestrained, and he is the same as Xin Qiji, and his prose writings are rich and unrestrained. His "Huangzhou Cold Food Poems" is known as "the third book in the world". He was hailed as the "Saint of Words" by later generations.
When is the bright moon? Ask the sky for wine
（24）
Qu Sheng, Guan Hanqing
Guan Hanqing, the founder of miscellaneous dramas in the Yuan Dynasty, a drama writer in the Yuan Dynasty, and the head of the "Four Masters of Yuan Opera". The evening number has been fasted (a name and a fast), has been fasted. His loose songs are rich and colorful, fresh and vigorous in style, and have high artistic value. For this reason, he was called the "Qu Sheng".
It can't be steamed, cooked, pounded, fried, and resounded like a copper pea
（25）
Medicine saint Li Shizhen
Li Shizhen, whose name is Dongbi, in his later years, called himself a native of the lake and mountains, a native of Waqiba in Dongchang Street, Qizhou Town, Qichun County, Hubei Province, and a famous pharmacologist in the Ming Dynasty. Since 1565, Li Shizhen has gone to Wudang Mountain, Lushan, Maoshan, Niushou Mountain and Huguang, Anhui, Henan, Hebei and other places to collect drug specimens and prescriptions, and worship fishermen, woodcutters, farmers, coachmen, pharmacists, snake catchers as teachers, refer to 925 kinds of books on medicine and other aspects of the past dynasties, archaeological evidence, exhaustive study of physics", recorded tens of millions of words of notes, clarified many difficult problems, after 27 cold and summer, three changes of draft, in the eighteenth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1590) completed the 1.92 million words of the masterpiece "Compendium of Materia Medica". For this reason, he was called the "Medicine Saint".
The essence of sexuality, the general canon of things, the secret book of the emperor, and the treasure of the subjects
（26）
Soldier Saint Sun Wu
Sun Wu, the word Changqing, was a native of Le'an in the late Spring and Autumn Period. A famous military strategist and politician in the Spring and Autumn Period of China, he wrote the masterpiece "The Art of War" 13 articles, which was respected by later generations of military artists, and was known as the "Holy Book of War", which was placed at the top of the "Seven Books of Wujing". He once led the army of Wu to defeat the army of Chu, occupied Yingcheng, the capital of Chu, and almost destroyed Chu. He was honored by later generations as the "Soldier Saint" or grandson (Sun Wuzi). It is known as "the teacher of the hundred generations of soldiers" and "the originator of oriental military science".
There are 30,000 people who are the ones in the world?
（27）
Musheng Luban
Lu Ban, a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, surnamed Ji, Gong Yi, famous class, known as Gong Yipan, Gong Yi, Ban Yin, honorific title Gong Yizi, also known as Lu Pan or Lu Pan, commonly known as "Lu Ban". For more than 2,400 years, people have concentrated the collective creations and inventions of the ancient working people on him, and the name of Luban has actually become a symbol of the wisdom of the ancient working people. Therefore, Luban is known as the "Wood Saint".
The craftsman is the ancestor of the craftsman
（28）
Zhisheng Dongfang Shuo
Dongfang Shuo, whose surname is Zhang, is a native of the Western Han Plain County. A famous writer in the Western Han Dynasty, Dongfang Shuo has a witty personality, quick words, funny and wise, according to historical records, he has many words with Mei Gao, but there are very few surviving people. Huan Tan once said: Everyone is said to be wise and wise, and the future is beyond the reach of the virtuous. Legend has it that he was intellectually superior and was known as the "Wisdom Sage".
People are dying, and their words are good
（29）
Juggernaut Pei Min
裴 (péi) Min (mín), a native of Tang Kaiyuan. He once guarded Beiping County (now Lulong, Hebei), and successively participated in the war against the Xi people, Khitan and Tubo, and it is recorded that the official was "General Zuo Jinwu". Li Bai once learned swords from him, and Tang Wenzong said: Li Bai's poems, Zhang Xu's cursive script, and Pei Min's sword dance are "the three uniques of the Tang Dynasty". The world called him the "Juggernaut of the Sword".
Seeing that the captives were captured in the clouds, I knew that there was a general in the sky
（30）
Sculpture Saint (Plastic Saint) Yang Huizhi
Yang Huizhi, a native of the Tang Kaiyuan period, birth and death unknown. A native of Wu County (now Suzhou), he first learned to paint, and apprenticed with Wu Daozi to learn painting with Zhang Sengqiu, known as a painting friend. Later, he saw that Wu Daozi's reputation was getting worse, so he burned the pen inkstone, and later specialized in sculpture. He has sculpted many statues in monasteries in the north and south. The statue of the person who advocated the excellence of his sculpture is displayed in the city, and people can recognize it from the back, which shows the superb sculpture skills. Yang Huizhi is especially good at sculpting Arhat statues, and pioneered the style of arranging figures in the background of mountains and rocks - wall sculptures (also known as "shadow sculptures"). Yang Huizhi also summed up many years of experience in sculpture and wrote the book "Plastic Recipe", but unfortunately it has been lost since the Song Dynasty.
Daozi painting, Hui Zhisu, won the monk magic pen road
（31）
The word saint Cangjie
Cangjie, formerly surnamed Hou Gang, is known as Cangjie Xianshi, and Shi Huang's family. "Shuowen Jie Zi" records that Cangjie was the left historian of the Yellow Emperor's period, and was inspired by the footprints of birds and beasts, divided into different categories, collected, sorted and used, played an important role in the process of creating Chinese characters, and was respected as the "saint of word creation".
The dragon's face is four-eyed, and there is Ruide
（32）
The word saint (the word that says the text interprets the word) Xu Shen
Xu Shen, the word uncle is heavy, Runan Zhaoling people, and his nature is simple and heavy. The master of scripture Ma Rong (the master of Lu Zhi and Zheng Xuan) often respected him, and people at the time said: "No one can surpass Xu Shen in the study of the Five Classics ("Zhou Yi", "Shangshu", "Book of Songs", "Book of Rites", and "Spring and Autumn"). In 121 AD, Xu Shen finalized the "Shuowen Jie Zi" and dedicated the book to the imperial court. Because Xu Shen made immortal contributions to philology, later generations honored him as the "Character Sage".
Qianjia is an old Confucian and elegant, and the southeast is strict and peerless
（33）
Ghost Saint Pu Songling
Pu Songling, the word Liuxian, the word Jianchen, alias Liuquan Jushi, known as Mr. Liao Zhai, self-proclaimed Yishi, is now a native of Pujiazhuang, Hongshan Town, Zichuan District, Zibo City, Shandong Province. He wrote the famous collection of short stories in classical Chinese, "Strange Tales from Liaozhai". Most of these works vigorously criticized the corruption and darkness of the society at that time through the technique of talking about foxes and ghosts, exposing social contradictions to a certain extent, and expressing the aspirations of the people. Because of his depiction of ghosts, he is called the "ghost saint".
Writing ghosts and demons is superior, and stabbing greed and stabbing are three points into the bones
（34）
Essay (prose) Saint Ouyang Xiu
Ouyang Xiu, known as Uncle Yong, is a drunkard, a monk of Liuyi, a native of Yongfeng, Jizhou, a politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and is politically famous. Ouyang Xiu was the first literary leader in the literary history of the Song Dynasty to create a generation of literary styles. He led the Northern Song Dynasty poetry and literature reform movement, and inherited and developed Han Yu's ancient literary theory. The high achievement of his prose creation was complemented by his correct theory of ancient literature, thus creating a generation of literary style. Because of his contribution to the reform of literary style, he was called the "Saint of Essay".
Sparse open the subfield, deep and graceful open less travel
Source: CCTV4 National Treasure Archives