绵谷回寄蔡氏Kun-Zhong
【Tang】Luo Yin
Jincheng tour twice a year, the east wind and the autumn.
Fangcao has affection and hinders horses, and good clouds cover the building everywhere.
The mountains are separated from hatred and broken hearts, and the water is separated from the sound and flows into dreams.
Today, because you try to look back, the smoke and trees are separated from Mianzhou.
Poets are rich in emotion and imagination. It is difficult for such a person to become a poet if he lacks emotion, is very indifferent to everything, lacks imagination, and can only talk about any objective object and cannot develop it. Poets are different, they are in love, and even flowers, birds, and beasts will bring their own emotional colors as far as the eye can see. This is also the "anthropomorphic" technique in poetry creation.
Anthropomorphism is to compare things to people, and the "things" mentioned here include not only animals, plants, but also lifeless mountains and rivers. Luo Yin's poem "Miangu Returns to Cai's Kunzhong" uses the anthropomorphic technique of poetry. The poet once visited Jincheng twice with the Cai brothers, once in the spring when the east wind was blowing, and once in the autumn when the sky was high and crisp, which were suitable seasons for visiting, so the beginning of the poem said: "Jincheng tour twice a year, the east wind before and the autumn after." ”
"Jincheng" is another name for Chengdu City, Sichuan; "Mianzhou" is today's Mianyang City, Sichuan, about 200 miles northeast of Chengdu; "Miangu" is about 300 miles northeast of Mianyang, that is, Guangyuan City, which is even farther away from Chengdu. The poet spent a good time in Chengdu with the two Cai brothers, and now he has left Chengdu to go northeast, going farther and farther. This poem is a lyrical masterpiece that the poet recalled the past after arriving in Miangu and sent it back to the Cai brothers in Chengdu.
The middle two couplets of the poem are the poet's recollection of the scene with the Cai brothers from the excursion to the breakup. "Fangcao has affection and hinders horses, and good clouds cover the building everywhere", the poet did not say that he and his friends rode slowly together and lingered, but said that "Fangcao is affectionate", it seems that Fangcao deliberately stumbled on the horse's hooves of the poet and the Cai brothers, so that they could stay for a while. In the poem, it is not said that the distant building stands tall, winning visitors to stop and watch, but it is said that Baiyun Shujuan, it seems that Baiyun understands the mood of the poets, and deliberately beautifies the building there, making the building look extraordinarily colorful. Comparing things to people is the use of anthropomorphic techniques, which makes people feel that the grass and white clouds are particularly cute and close to people.
It is also the use of anthropomorphism, which is also superior and inferior. If the author's level is not high and his imagination is not rich enough, he will not let Fangcao stumble the horse's hooves and let Baiyun cover the building, and write words like "Fangcao is affectionate" and "Baiyun is intentional" and so on. Although this is also an anthropomorphic technique, the effect is mediocre due to the lack of distinct dynamic expression.
"The mountains lead away from hatred and heartbreaks, and the water brings away the sound into dreams. The poet is about to break up with the Cai brothers, and in his eyes, the peaks of the Jinjiang River seem to be entangled in hatred, and the water of the Jinjiang River seems to flow into his dreams with a sense of separation. Obviously, the poet and the Cai brothers are full of feelings, to the extent that they are inseparable, but they do not say it directly, but give up this feeling to the Jinjiang landscape, and the use of such anthropomorphic techniques can be said to be very ingenious.
After reading the whole poem, I only feel that the green grass, white clouds, towering mountains, and crooked rivers are rushing towards me together, they are full of sound and color, form and spirit, and are exuding infinite affection.
Late autumn in Chang'an
【Tang】Zhao Yi
The clouds are bleak and the dawn is blowing, and the Han family palace is moving in high autumn.
The remnant star is a few geese crossed, and the flute is leaning against the building.
紫艳半开篱菊静，红衣落尽渚莲愁。
鲈鱼正美不归去，空戴南冠学楚囚。
This poem was written by Zhao Yi when he was living in Chang'an. The poet was alone in a foreign land, saw the bleak scene in late autumn, and suddenly felt nostalgic for homesickness, and created this poem. "The clouds are bleak and the dawn is blowing, and the Han family palace is moving in the autumn. "Dawn" is interpreted by some as dawn, while others use the word "whisk" as a verb to refer to a ray of dawn that dispels the remaining darkness. "Han Family Palace" originally refers to the Tang Imperial Palace, and here it also refers to the environment. "High autumn" refers to late autumn. The two sentences are connected, that is: at dawn, the poet looks far away by the railing, only to see that the dawn dispelled the darkness, the flying clouds showed a bleak clear, and the towering palace pavilions were dyed with a cool autumn air.
"What time are the geese in the remnant star, and the flute is leaning against the building. "Remnant star" means that there are very few stars because the sky is already bright; "wild goose crosses", in the late autumn season, there are northern geese flying over Wusai in the long sky; "horizontal" means crossing and flying. The poet looked into the distance, and there were a few remnant stars hanging in the sky. The flocks of geese were flying southward, and the poet felt a little sad in his heart, and out of nowhere came a clear and mournful flute sound, which could not help but make the poet lean on the building. These two sentences are famous sentences that have been recited through the ages, it is said that Du Mu appreciates it very much, so he called Zhao Yi "Zhao Yilou", Du Mu also borrowed this sentence for this, and wrote a good sentence of "leaning on the temple floor of Jiangnan Temple".
"Ziyan is half-opened, and the red clothes are full of sorrow. "Ziyan" refers to the purple chrysanthemum between the bamboo hedges, and "Hongyi" refers to the red lotus petals. As in ordinary climbing poems, the poet's vision is from far to near, and the sky is brighter, so he sees the scene in front of him. The purple chrysanthemums between the bamboo fences are quietly half-open and half-closed, and the red lotus flowers have shed their beautiful clothes and withered in the pool. One "quiet" and one "sorrowful" give life to the scenery in front of them, and the scenery is ruthless, and they all become affectionate at this time. This "love" is connected with the poet's "sorrow" to form the theme of "sad autumn".
The last two sentences: "The perch is beautiful and does not return, and the empty Nanguan learns Chu prisoner." ""Perch" and "South Crown" are two allusions. "Perch", refers to the Western Jin Dynasty Zhang Han, originally a native of Wudi, once served as an official at the Qi King Sima Jian, the autumn wind rose, he excused himself to miss the sea bass and ulva soup in his hometown, so he resigned and went home, and then Sima Jian's rebellion failed, and he was not implicated. "Nanguan", according to "Zuo Biography", the Marquis of Jin saw Zhong Yi in the military palace and asked: "Who is the person who Dai Nanguan is imprisoned?" and others replied that he was a "Chu prisoner". At that time, the state of Chu belonged to the south, and the so-called "southern crown" was the crown ornament of the people of Chu, and later generations took "southern crown" as a synonym for prisoners. The author sighed that he thought of the story of Zhang Han's resignation in ancient times from the scene in front of him, and wanted to emulate Tao Yuanming's "return to Xi" but couldn't do it, he was bound by the things around him, and he only had to learn from the Chu prisoner who wore a southern crown, so he had to sigh.
Afternoon Pillow
【Song】Wang Anshi
A hundred years of spring dreams go to you, and you don't have to blow the job anymore.
Wild grasses bloom and fall on their own, and songbirds feed each other.
The old is buried and the new path is opened, and Zhu Hu obliquely sees the painting building.
If you want to have a cup without a partner, you will be sad to see the rise and fall.
Reading through these eight lines of poetry, you can see that only the first two lines are really written about napping and dreaming, and the remaining six lines are all thoughts and feelings after waking up from the dream. "A hundred years of spring dreams to go to you", the nap time is not long, but the dream is like a hundred years long, the three words "go to you" show his regret for the dream.
Wang Anshi has been in politics all his life and is committed to changing the law, but after the death of Song Shenzong, the new law was completely abolished, and Wang Anshi was very painful in his heart. This nap is at this time, and it can be guessed that he may have dreamed of how to implement the new law in his dream, but when he woke up, he knew that it was a spring dream, so how could he not sigh and regret!
"No longer to stay here", "" uses an allusion in the "Legend of the Immortals", saying that there is a fairy who once blows the flute across the phoenix and flies to the sky, which generally refers to the Taoism of the gods. This sentence is to say that I don't have the Taoist skills of the gods to stay in the dream, and further talk about the nostalgia for the nap spring dream. These two opening sentences are intended to be reminiscent of dreams.
"Wild grasses bloom and fall by themselves", flowers bloom and fall in nature, and nature changes. "Songbirds are also rewarded with milk", doves feed young chicks, and when the young chicks grow up, they feed their mothers, which is called "mutual milk and mutual reward". From nostalgia for dreams to writing about the regular flowering and falling of flowers in nature, and the reproduction of birds, there seems to be little correlation between this, but it has deep meaning. The author's intention is to point out that everything in nature is alive and well, and this is because they all follow the laws of metabolism, which is irreversible.
"The old is buried and the new path is opened, and Zhu Huzhen obliquely sees the painting building. The first sentence says that if the old path is buried, a new path must be opened, and through the literal truth, he tells the reader a profound and simple truth: the old must be replaced by the new. The same is true of the latter sentence. "Zhu Hu", in ancient times, refers to the addition of Zhu on the door, and mostly refers to the aristocratic mansion. This sentence is to say that if Zhu Hu is dilapidated and tilted, people will build more beautiful painting buildings. What Wang Anshi means is that this kind of iteration of rise and fall is inevitable and cannot be violated.
Wang Anshi writes about the rise and fall of human society from the metabolism of nature in order to illustrate: My new law is alive, just as the laws of nature cannot be violated, and the rise and fall iterations in society are orderly. It can be seen that the above sentences seem to be writing scenes, but in fact, they are reasoning. The combination of scenery and reason not only shows the poet's calmness, but also shows that the poet is good at using philosophy to motivate himself in the face of adversity, and never loses faith in the new law.
"If you want to have a cup without a partner, you can see that the rise and fall make people sad", the poet raised a glass and drank alone without anyone to accompany him, seeing that it was his new law that was wasted, how could he not let him mourn. In fact, his sorrow has always been buried deep in his heart, which can be seen from "a hundred years of spring dreams to go leisurely", but he said frankly at the end of the sentence. Despite this, the general tone of the poem is not gloomy, and he draws strength from nature and the human world, encourages himself, and forms a philosophy to relieve the sorrow of the present rise and fall.
Yajuku Taya
【Song】Wear retro
The hat walks with each other, and the old clothes are not changed in the spring.
The rain travels on the mountains and the yellow mud mountain, and the night buckles the whiteboard of the Tianjia family.
Sleeping in the sound of frogs, the heart returns from the dream of butterflies.
Nine out of ten township books are not reached, and the wild geese fly in the north and south of the sky.
Dai Gugu is a representative of the Southern Song Dynasty Jianghu poetry school, and this poem "Staying at Tian's House at Night" was written by him when he was wandering the rivers and lakes. "The hats walk with each other, and they don't change their old clothes in the spring. "Hat" is an ancient hat with a handle, which is said to resemble the umbrellas of later generations, "Hat" means hat and rain gear, "Walking Misdirection" means "going astray", indicating that the movement is uncertain and wandering around, and "Zhengyi" refers to the clothes of people who travel far away. These two sentences are to say that he is running around alone, and after a whole spring, he only accompanied by the hat, and he has not even changed the clothes on his body, which is very hard.
"Rain Walking Mountains Yellow Ni Ban, Night Buckle Tianjia White Board Door", "Mountain Mountain", Mountain Col, Mountain Qu, "Huang Ni Ban" is Yellow Ni Slope, "White Board Gate", white wooden door. These two sentences follow the first two sentences and continue to describe his whereabouts. In the rainy mountains, after the trek of the yellow mud slope, I came to a farmer at night, depicting the hardship and loneliness of the journey, which is as clear as the words but very true. So the next two sentences naturally write about his fatigue: "Sleeping in the sound of frogs, my heart returns from the dream of a butterfly." "Turning into a butterfly" uses the allusion of Zhuangzi dreaming of turning into a butterfly in ancient times. Zhuang Zhou Mengdie was originally an allusion to being used by others, but it seems natural for him to use it here.
The last two sentences are the sighs of his life experience after waking up: "Nine out of ten township books are not reached, and the geese fly in the north and the south of the sky." "Because I am wandering everywhere and my whereabouts are uncertain, there is a chance that I will not receive the letter I sent home, and I only saw the wild geese flying from the sky to the north and south. It can also be understood that the poet is like a lonely goose that flies to and fro.
"Words are the voice of the heart", Dai retro has never been a man all his life, wandering the rivers and lakes, so the poems he wrote are from the heart, unlike some literati in high positions or climbing the dragon and phoenix in later generations, their so-called "seclusion" and "mountain dwelling" are often for others to see.