Huang Yaoshi
Guan County Baihong Highway Construction Documentary
In 1958, the completion of Baihong Highway made a great contribution to the transportation of Guan County. The workers who built the Baihong Highway and sacrificed their youth and the 23 heroes who sacrificed will always live in the hearts of the people and are engraved in the memory of history.
In the past, Dujiangyan Hongkou, the living conditions were very difficult, the road was steep, the production was poor, and now Hongkou is known as a paradise-like tourist attraction, and people live a happy and well-off life like a fairy. A ballad that once circulated here is a true portrayal here:
Deep creek ditch, swallow rock, jade wheat bun in the arms.
I want to rush to Puyang Guan County, and the chicken cries out and comes back in the dark.
Keep the torch in hand at all times, and beware of falling off the rock.
Take some mountain goods out to sell, and exchange them for some rice and salt cloth rubber shoes.
The woman in the mountain ran to the dam, but no one came.
After the opening of Baihong Highway, the people of Hongkou were happy.
The spring breeze of reform and opening up is warm, and the beauties in the dam area are stringed.
Everyone loves a well-off life, and Xanadu is the brand.
Do not forget the original intention of the pioneer, the party will always remember in the heart.
In 1958, the Central Committee held an important meeting in Chengdu and sounded the clarion call for the Great Leap Forward, calling on the people of the whole country to hold high the three red flags of the Great Leap Forward, drum up enthusiasm, strive for the upper reaches, and establish socialism in a more pleas, faster, and more efficient way.
According to experts, there are a large number of iron ore resources buried underground in the Hongkou area. The provincial party committee held a meeting to study and decide: the province will set up a large-scale iron and steel plant, and set up three steel-making points in the Guan County area, establish a steel plant in Xiang'e, establish a Changheba steel-making plant in Puyang, and establish a Jiujiaoping steel-making plant in Hongkou. As a result, the construction of the Bai (Sha) Hongkou Highway in Guan County was listed as an important government project.
Among them, the mountain roads in the Hongkou area are rugged, most of them are sheep intestine trails, and wide roads must be built to make steelmaking machinery and equipment to be present.
The main team members of the Guan County Road Construction Headquarters:
Department of Transportation
Director: Li Qingping, a native of Inner Mongolia, has a lifelong career as a horseman, was born in cavalry, fought bravely, went south as a cadre, has a low level of education, is not good at language expression, speaks like nails and nails, and speaks one thing or another.
Deputy Director: Lan Ruiqing, thick eyebrows and big eyes, voice like a macro bell, shoulder-high with Director Li, known as "Humpty Dumpty", a righteous person all his life, a popular worker, a cadre of the People's Liberation Army.
Commander-in-chief: Wei Maoqian, a member of Shunjiang Commune (biography unknown).
Production Unit Chief: Jiang Longyu, from Miaoba, Hongkou Commune (resume unknown).
Chief of the Security Unit: Long Haiting, a native of Yutang Commune, served as a squadron leader on the Guanmao Highway in 1953.
Road construction and detection designer: Ma Guangpu, a native of Juyuan Commune, a high-level student of the Department of Highway and Bridges of Shaanxi Jiaotong University. Due to the influence of the Anti-Japanese War, he returned to Sichuan and worked as a mathematics teacher in a middle school in Chengdu. He actively participated in the student movement and was followed by Kuomintang agents. The Chengdu underground party of the Communist Party of China informed Ma Guangpu that he would either go to Yan'an or return to his hometown of Guan County to gather yuan. The road to Yan'an was far away, so he chose to return to his hometown temporarily, and a week later, he found that there were strangers near the courtyard, and he understood that the spies were coming. One morning, he took advantage of the moonlight to sneak out of the back door and came to a cousin regiment commander of Li Jiayu's unit in the Sichuan Army, and exchanged the price of seven stones of rice for a deputy battalion commander's military position. The Red Army's Long March into Sichuan, a team lost in the Battle of Wenchuan Banqiao, retreated to Gengda Bridge, under the cover of the battalion commander Ma Guangpu, this Red Army team successfully passed through Balang Mountain to join the main Red Army. Ma Guangpu's cover for the Red Army may have been exposed, he went home and pretended to be sick for several years, and after 1945, he set up a private school in his hometown to cover his identity until the liberation of Guan County. To build the Baihong Highway, the Guan County Government asked Ma Guangpu to go out of the mountain and make new contributions.
The Guan County Party Committee issued a notice on road construction to all communes (to the effect):
notice
In 1953, there were five people in each commune who had built the Guanmao Highway (the sick and disabled were not included) and those who had the technical expertise of masonry and ironworking. After receiving the notice, within 15 days, he came to report to the Guan County Road Construction Headquarters.
Notice is hereby given
The detailed address of the Guan County Road Construction Headquarters: 150 meters into the city at the east gate of Pubai Bridge in Guan County, in the alley next door to the upstream hotel.
Guan County Road Construction Headquarters Qi
March 1, 1958
A week after the notice was issued, more than 130 people from the communes came to report to the Guan County Road Construction Headquarters, which exceeded expectations. The registered personnel are basically retained, and the food and lodging are concentrated in Yangliuping in Baisha Commune.
From more than 130 people, the command specially selected 70 young and clever personnel to form a cannon company, the main task of blasting Zhaobiyan, with a total blasting volume of 10,000 cubic meters and a construction period of one and a half months.
The headquarters instructed that the Baihong Highway must be officially opened to traffic on May Day to ensure that the machinery and equipment of the Jiujiaoping steelmaking base can enter the site on time.
Tang Chongyang, the instructor of the first artillery company, a veteran of Longxi, a company-level cadre, and a member of the Communist Party of China. He was resolute in his determination and assured the whole company: If I fall behind any comrade in the whole company in all work, I will consciously roll up the cover and leave! Instructor Tang's categorical statement won the applause of the whole company.
In the first 10 days of work, the first artillery company changed three company commanders, and none of the company commanders were as rigid as Instructor Tang Chongyang, and they all rolled up their blankets and left halfway.
On March 15, the first artillery company declared war, and the arduous task of attacking "Zhaobi Rock" was the first to attack. The cadres of the whole company worked as one, adopted technological innovation, and worked hard and skillfully, turning small steel cannons into cannons, and then changing them into absolute cannons, and then renovating them, turning them into unprecedented cans and cannons, which can blow up dozens of squares or even hundreds of square meters of earth and stone with one cannon.
After a month of hard fighting, the four-meter-wide highway embankment was completed ahead of schedule and quickly stretched to Jiujiaoping.
The leaders of various departments were greatly shocked and overjoyed, and after visiting the "Zhaobi Rock" site to check the experimental receipt, they gave the artillery company a high degree of praise, and the most commendable thing is that such an arduous project "no casualties and accidents......
The front-line engineering of the 1st Artillery Company is progressing smoothly, and it is inseparable from the selfless dedication of a group of unknown logistics personnel.
On-site construction: Liu Chengji, a native of Guankou Town.
Safety officer: Luo Qingyun, Hongkou Commune.
Iron master: Gao Tonghong, a member of the Willow Commune.
Transport team: three comrades, biographies unknown, they are not part of the company (field service).
After the 2nd Artillery Company and the 1st Artillery Company were separated in Yangliuping, they came to Jiajiaping, about 2 kilometers away from Jiujiaoping, and set up camp. There is a family in Jiajiaping, only two old people are left behind, and the young people are working outside, and the rooms are all empty.
Company commander: Huang Quanfu, a native of Hongkou Commune, a member of the Communist Party of China, is upright, kind-hearted, has a loud voice, and has strong practical ability.
Instructor: Liu XX, a member of the Taiping Commune, a member of the Communist Party of China, a professional blacksmith, workers like to call him Liu Shi, and call him Liu Tiehan when joking. He has an easy-going personality and makes Huang Lian Chang express his stance in everything.
On-site construction: Yang xx (left after less than a month).
The tank cannon of the second company was studied by company commander Huang Quanfu and Yang Jianshe together with the first company. Commander Huang studied very carefully, got into the tank cannon many times, looked at it again and again, and pondered it repeatedly, but Yang Construction was rash and self-righteous. After returning to the company, the two men each took a squad and each did three canisters as an experiment.
As a result, the first cannon hit directly into the nearby woods, the second hit the mountainside on the other side of the river, and the third hit the tent in the workers' accommodation area of the second artillery company, beating Deng Huaxing, a worker who was taking a lunch break, to the point that his head was bleeding, and Zhang Qingyun, a doctor of the road construction team, hurried to bandage it.
After Director Lan found out, he personally led the team to trot with Dr. Zhang and eight strong men to send Deng Shixing to Guan County People's Hospital for treatment. Deng Shixing was bleeding too much and needed a blood transfusion, and Jinhua, Liujie Commune, matched his blood type, and he did not hesitate to donate his blood. Despite all the rescue measures, he was still unable to recover, and Deng Shixing unfortunately passed away that night.
Director Lan was very guilty and couldn't figure it out, because the safe distance between the artillery was 500 meters, and he measured with his footsteps that the distance between the artillery position and the workers' accommodation area was 900 steps, and the distance between the artillery position and the workers' quarters was 900 steps, which was calculated at 0.7 meters per step, so how could an accident occur? At this moment, he was even more anxious, and strode into the office of the Second Artillery Company and asked: Who wrote the big-character poster at the tent door? Everyone was silent for a while, but later Yang Jianshe admitted that he had written it. Director Lan asked: What is he proud of when Deng Huaxing is 600 meters away? Is it the result of your mental paralysis and carelessness surnamed Yang! Director Lan casually grabbed the tape measure on his desk and threw it at Yang Jianjian: If you go and measure the distance yourself, who should bear the responsibility?
Huang Lian Chang and Long were furious after hearing about the slogan, Huang Lian Chang pulled Yang up for construction, and Long took up the leather tape measure from the ground to measure the safety distance.
Yang Jianshe knew that the accident was caused by himself, and was willing to bear legal responsibility and accept criminal punishment. But that same night, he quietly escaped, and later heard that he had gone to Xinjiang, and heard that someone had secretly helped him escape.
The name of the newly arranged on-site construction is Gao Deming, a member of the Qinglong Commune, a member of the Communist Youth League, with a high level of education, a gentle personality, tall, slightly fat, nicknamed Cang Cowpea, a strong sense of responsibility, and everything is reported for instructions.
Yue Wenqing, the leader of the first row, is a member of the Qinglong Commune and a member of the Communist Party of China, with a milky face. He said: When workers make mistakes, leaders should bear the main responsibility, and ordinary leaders should grasp ideological education, grasp the mentality of workers, and be a good caring person for workers. Do workers make mistakes?
Yue Wenqing is a rare talent of the Second Artillery Company, and on the day of the company, he asked for leave to go to Guan County for important matters, and if Yue Wenqing was assigned to the First Company, the First Artillery Company would be like a tiger with wings.
The second artillery company was blessed, and the proud son was left to their company. Yue Wenqing became the confidant and favorite general of Company Commander Huang Quanfu, he was good at convincing people with reason, and the engineering planning and technical measures of the Second Artillery Company were basically arranged by him, and he was very polite to report to Instructor Liu and Company Commander Huang.
After the Yang construction incident, the Second Artillery Company summed up the lessons and lessons, and the relationship between the cadres and the masses became more united.
Song Huxiang, the secretary of the department, a native of Daxing Commune, a scheming military advisor of the Second Artillery Company, and a well-known red housekeeper of the road construction team, made a suggestion to the leaders of the Second Artillery Company: Assign four people who live in Hongkou Commune, do not participate in the labor work of the company, go to the coal mine to pick up sporadic coal, fish in the Baisha River, go to Baiguogang and Erwangmiao to pull bamboo shoots, go to Longchi Taitai to cut leeks, and go to various production teams to buy foreign jade and other vegetables, etc., and the price of vegetables is more than half of the county market.
This was a good suggestion, and the company commander immediately agreed, and the task of road construction for four people was to be shared among three platoons. As a result, the road construction workers of the Second Artillery Company maintained two dishes and one soup a day, and could eat fish once every three or four days, and the monthly food cost per person was only 6 yuan, and at the end of the month, there was still one yuan left per person.
Company Commander Huang Quanfu went to inspect the cause of the occurrence of the tank cannon completed by Yang's construction, and the artillery body system was very similar to the cannon on the battlefield, and the shells could fly directly 500 meters away after firing.
The structural principle of the cannon: the larger the belly of the cannon, the stronger the blasting ability, and the wider the horizontal tearing force of the shell.
The Jiaohua Rock in the eagle's beak of Qifeng was blown to the ground after firing 10 cannons in a row, and the rocks pushed into the river blocked the river for 3 hours.
The Second Artillery Company completed the road construction task of Jiaohuayan ahead of schedule and exceeded the quota, and was commended by leaders at all levels, and the Huang Cannon of the Yellow Company Commander became famous in one fell swoop.
The 2nd Artillery Company, with the assistance of the steelmakers of Jiujiaoping, also successfully completed the project, and the road construction task of Zhonghuazui 19jiaoping was officially opened to traffic as scheduled to welcome the "May Day" celebrations.
During the three-day May Day holiday, the first artillery company received a new task: the coal dug up in the Lingyan Coal Mine was carried to the road by manpower, and the coal was used in an emergency. It is necessary to build the highway in the Tonglingyan Scenic Area as soon as possible to solve the problem of burning "coal" for steelmaking and production and domestic use, and to solve the urgent need for multiple units such as the Yuzui Power Station.
In order to solve this problem, the leaders of the steelmaking base decided to send some personnel to participate in the road construction team to repair the road, and some people to participate in the coal digging work (which later formed the new coal mine).
The Jiujiaoping steelmaking base has no factory buildings and no machinery and equipment, and the stairs of more than a dozen local households, empty houses, pigsty sheds, and bamboo bars have all become the accommodation of 2 or 300 steelmaking workers.
The steelworkers who participated in the road construction were very humble and obeyed the arrangements of the Second Artillery Company at first, but gradually disobeyed the command. The Guan County Transportation Bureau found that if the two units of a project did not have unified command and unified action, it would be impossible to carry out the work smoothly and there would be contradictions. Therefore, in order to facilitate unified command and management, the Communications Bureau and the Road Construction Headquarters went through the handover procedures to the steel-making unit, transferred the Second Artillery Company to the Lingyan Coal Mine, and opened up a new highway.
The headquarters continued to advance the highway in the direction of Laohongkou, and the physically weak stayed behind to maintain the Baisha-Jiujiaoping section of the road.
One day, four road maintenance workers were resting at the corner of Zhaobi Rock while playing poker, when suddenly a boulder rolled down the mountain and hit them, killing all four of them under the rock. Later, the ditch was cleaned at the corner of the nine pots in Zhaobiyan, and three cannons were ready to be fired, two cannons exploded as scheduled, and one cannon did not explode, and the blaster just walked to the squib, and suddenly the squib made a loud noise, and the blaster died on the spot.
The most dangerous area is the old intersection of the diagonal mouth, with limestone formations and steep cliffs. At this point, there were three major casualties, and 17 road construction workers died, especially the third accident was the most tragic, causing fear in the hearts of the people, and some workers were so frightened that they went home, and the project was forced to stop.
For this reason, the local people set up a hill shrine at the corner by the river to pay tribute to the souls of the heroes who built the road and pray for peace.
Later, the Party Committee of Hongkou Commune took advantage of the opportunity of militia training to build the blank of the 1-Octagonal Temple Highway in Shenxigou to facilitate people's travel.
In addition to the road construction company, there were also peasants from Baisha Commune and Hongkou Commune, who volunteered to do their duty, and took care of their own food, eating some corn buns brought from their homes when they were hungry, and eating some cold river water in the ravine when they were thirsty......
Baihong Highway was opened to traffic from 1958 to 1960, due to the narrow detours of the road, three tractors and a Jiefang brand coal truck fell successively in Shuangbeigou under Jiujiaoping. As a result, the county government paid attention to it, and instructed to widen the Baihong Highway by 2 meters, change the curve of Shuangbeigou to a straight line, and change the wooden plank bridge to a stone arch bridge, which greatly facilitated the passage and improved the local traffic conditions.
In 1963, when a certain unit of the People's Liberation Army was stationed in the Hongkou Octagonal Temple, the Baihong Highway was upgraded from a third-class highway to a second-class highway, with a total length of more than 18 kilometers.
Hongkou people's well-off life is not easy to come by, condensed the blood and sweat of the road construction team members of the year, people are very grateful for the wisdom of the party, the good policies of the government, and the selfless dedication of the road construction team and farmers. The completion of Baihong Highway has made a great contribution to the transportation of Guan County, and the construction of Baihong Highway dedicated to the workers of youth and the 23 heroes who sacrificed, they will always live in the hearts of the people and engraved in the memory of history.
This article is organized and photographed丨Zhao Jiaming
This article is excerpted from "Memories of the Years" and "The Yulei Years"
Today's Baihong Highway
Today's Baisha River on the side of Baihong Highway