Abstract:In recent years, with the continuous progress of semiconductor lighting technology, the application field of semiconductor lighting devices in China has become more and more extensive, and the market scale has been growing. From the perspective of industry composition, LED products are still the main pillar of China's semiconductor lighting device market. With the continuous development of semiconductor lighting devices, the LED market size is also growing. According to statistics, the size of China's LED lighting market has increased from 596.7 billion yuan in 2020 to 681.3 billion yuan in 2022, and with the gradual stabilization of the industry, it is estimated that the LED lighting market size will reach 701.2 billion yuan in 2023.
1. Definitions and Classification
Semiconductor lighting devices refer to the use of solid-state semiconductor chips as light-emitting materials, in the semiconductor through the carrier recombination to release excess energy and cause photon emission, directly emitting red, yellow, blue, green, cyan, orange, violet, white light. It mainly includes light-emitting diodes (LEDs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) or quantum light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), etc., which have the characteristics of low power consumption, long life, rich colors, vibration resistance, and strong controllability. However, the current semiconductor lighting devices mainly refer to light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
Second, industry policies
1. Competent authorities and regulatory system
The competent department of semiconductor lighting devices refers to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, which is mainly responsible for proposing new industrialization development strategies and policies, coordinating and solving major problems in the process of new industrialization, formulating and organizing the implementation of the development plan of industry, communication industry and informatization, and promoting the strategic adjustment and optimization and upgrading of industrial structure; The operation situation of the communications industry, statistics and release of relevant information, forecasting, early warning and information guidance, guiding the industry's technological innovation and technological progress, and upgrading traditional industries with advanced and applicable technologies.
The Semiconductor Lighting Device Industry Association refers to the China Lighting Association, which is mainly responsible for carrying out investigation and research on the development status of the same industry at home and abroad, reflecting the wishes and requirements of members to government departments, and proposing to formulate industry plans, policies, Suggestions on legislation and other aspects; according to the authorization to engage in industry statistical surveys, collect and publish industry information; in accordance with relevant regulations, establish industry association publications; be entrusted by the government to undertake or according to the needs of market and industry development to organize product exhibitions and orders in the industry, carry out technical exchanges and cooperation; establish contacts with foreign industry and related organizations, and carry out international exchanges and cooperation.
2. Industry-related policies
In recent years, in order to promote and standardize the development of the semiconductor lighting device industry, the mainland has successively issued many policies. For example, in January 2023, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other six departments issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of the Energy Electronics Industry", which proposes to improve the level of LED technology with long life and high efficiency, promote the application of new semiconductor lighting products in smart cities, smart homes and other fields, and develop green lighting and healthy lighting. In June, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other five departments issued the "Implementation Opinions on Improving the Reliability of the Manufacturing Industry", which proposed to focus on improving the reliability level of high-end radio frequency devices, high-end electromechanical components, LED chips and other electronic components. In December, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Industrial Structure Adjustment Guidance Catalogue (2024 Edition)", which mentioned actively promoting the development of semiconductor lighting substrates, epitaxy, chips, packaging and materials (including high-efficiency heat dissipation copper clad laminates, thermally conductive adhesives, and thermally conductive silica gel sheets), and also continuously promoted the development of semiconductor lighting equipment.
Third, the development process
From the perspective of development history, China's semiconductor lighting device industry can be divided into five stages. The first phase (1960-1980) marked the beginning of research in the field of luminescence science at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. During this period, research work was mainly concentrated in the laboratory, which laid the foundation for subsequent technology development. The second phase (1980-2002) saw the transformation of LED technology from the laboratory to production. In 2002, there were 420 LED manufacturers in China, employing more than 30,000 people, marking the initial commercialization of the semiconductor lighting device industry. The third phase (2002-2005) was characterized by the launch of the National Science and Technology Research Program, which had a great role in promoting the development of semiconductor lighting technology. The fourth stage (2005-2015) is the explosive period of the industry. During this period, the output value of LED products increased from about 8 billion yuan in 2002 to 424.5 billion yuan at the end of 2015. China's global market share of domestic LED chips has increased to 45%, becoming the world's largest producer of LED chips and a major consumer and exporter of semiconductor lighting products. In the fifth stage (2015-present), the penetration rate of LED products has been rising due to the active promotion of national policies and the rapid update of LED lighting product technology. According to statistics, the market penetration rate of LED lighting products in China was only 3.3% in 2012, and in 2021, this figure has increased significantly to 80%.
Fourth, industry barriers
1. Technical barriers
The R&D, design and manufacturing of semiconductor lighting device products involve semiconductor technology, power technology, microelectronics technology, etc., and the production of products requires a comprehensive grasp of diffusion, chip manufacturing, packaging, testing and other technologies, which has very high requirements for process design and process control of enterprises. Enterprises must master strong technical strength, complete quality system, industrial equipment and testing technology. The high technical threshold forms certain technical barriers for new enterprises that lack technical precipitation and experience accumulation.
2. Financial barriers
The production of semiconductor lighting devices requires highly automated production lines and sophisticated production equipment, which are often very expensive. Businesses need to invest a lot of money to purchase and maintain these devices. At the same time, in order to broaden the market space, enterprises need to invest a lot of money in marketing, including advertising, product display, customer visits, etc., which has certain challenges for enterprises with limited funds. Therefore, higher capital investment is an important barrier for new entrants.
3. Talent barriers
The semiconductor lighting device industry is a high-tech industry, and the operation and development of enterprises need the support of professional and technical personnel. The sources of professional talents of enterprises are mainly divided into two categories, one is the skill training of new employees by the enterprise itself, and the other is recruitment and introduction through other channels. At present, talents with relevant professional skills and experience in the market are relatively scarce, and it is difficult to meet the needs of industry development. It is more difficult for new entrants to attract talent, and it takes a long time to develop their own talents. Therefore, talent barriers are one of the main barriers in the semiconductor lighting device industry.
Fifth, the industrial chain
1. Analysis of the industry chain
From the perspective of the industrial chain of the semiconductor lighting device industry, the upstream mainly includes LED chips, epitaxial wafers, substrate materials, etc.; the midstream refers to the packaging of semiconductor lighting devices; and the downstream application fields include lighting fixtures, display panels, electrical signal equipment and other fields, which need to be customized for different application needs, and the terminal application fields include home, commerce, industry, office, education, etc.
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