The "Da Lu Chapter" is Xunzi's remarks recorded by Xunzi's disciples, the content is very scattered, and it is difficult to summarize, but the general idea of Xunzi's thoughts can also be seen in general, so it is called "Da Lu", mainly to talk about the thoughts and etiquette of honoring the virtuous and virtuous, and the form is similar to the "Analects".
Read "Da Lu" first, and then wait for me to update each article, which can also be regarded as a warm-up for "Xunzi".
The gentleman is a king, respects the virtuous and the king, respects the law and loves the people and dominates, and is profitable and deceitful. If you want to be close to the four sides, it is better than the center, so the king will live in the middle of the world, and the etiquette is also.
(Generally speaking, a monarch who rules the people, advocating courtesy and respecting virtuous people, can be called the king of the world, paying attention to the rule of law and caring for the people can dominate the princes, and greedy for money and profit will be dangerous to engage in fraud.) If you want to get close to the four sides, you might as well be in the center. Therefore, the monarch who is called the king of the world must live in the center of the world, which is a kind of etiquette. ）
The outer screen of the Son of Heaven, the inner screen of the princes, and the ceremony. The outer screen does not want to see the outside, and the inner screen does not want to see the inside.
(The Son of Heaven set the wall outside the door, and the princes set the wall inside the door, which is a kind of etiquette.) Placing the wall outside the door does not want the inside to see the outside, and placing the wall inside the door does not want the outside to see the inside. ）
The princes summoned their ministers, but the ministers did not drive, turned their clothes upside down and left, and they were courteous. The poem says: "If it is turned upside down, it will be called by the public." "The Son of Heaven summons the princes, and the princes are on the horse, and the courtesy is also. The poem says: "I am out of my opinion, and I am in the pasture." Since the Son of Heaven, it is said that I have come. ”
(When the princes summoned their courtiers, they ran away without waiting for the chariot to be properly dressed, which was a form of etiquette.) The "Book of Songs" says: "Wear a dress upside down and slanted, because someone called me to come from the king." "When the Son of Heaven summoned the princes, the princes asked them to pull the cart close to the horse, which was a kind of etiquette. The "Book of Songs" says: "The chariot was put on the horse, and the field was galloped to the field." I came from the Son of Heaven and was ordered to go to the front. ”）
The crown of the Son of Heaven, the crown of the princes, the crown of the doctor, the Shiwei Ben, and the ceremony.
(The Son of Heaven wears a gown with a mountain pattern and a top hat, the princes wear black dresses and hats, the doctors wear robes and hats, and the scholars wear dark red hats made of cooked leather, which is a kind of etiquette.) ）
The Son of Heaven is the Emperor, the princes are the Emperor, the doctor is served, and the ceremony is also.
(The Son of Heaven used a large jade plate with a conical upper end, the princes used a jade plate with a round upper end, and the doctor used a handmade version made of spotted bamboo, which was a ritual system)
The Son of Heaven carved the bow, the princes Tong bow, the doctor's black bow, and the ceremony.
(The Son of Heaven used a bow carved with patterns, the princes used a red bow, and the doctor used a black bow, which was a ritual system.) ）
When the princes met, they were introduced, and their priests were done, so that they were benevolent.
(When the princes met with each other, the secretary acted as an introducer, so that all his scholars who had been educated in etiquette went, and let the benevolent people stay.) ）
Hire people to be good, ask people to be beautiful, call people to be beautiful, and never be a ring.
(Send envoys to the vassal states to ask the marquis to use the ring, to make a state visit, to summon the ministers to use the yi, to cut off relations with people, to recall the rejected people to use the ring.) ）
The lord of the people is benevolent, knows his service, and does his best, so the king is benevolent first and then salutes, and the heavens are also.
(The monarch must first have a benevolent heart, wisdom is the servant of the benevolent heart, and the etiquette system is the complete embodiment of the benevolent heart.) Therefore, those who claim to be kings of the world first pay attention to benevolence and virtue, and then pay attention to etiquette, and this is the natural arrangement. ）
The dowry said: "If the coin is thick, it hurts morality, and if it is extravagant, it is a gift." The poem says: "Things refer to them, but they only carry them." "It is appropriate from time to time, it is not respectful, and it is not welcome, although it refers to indecency.
(The Dowry says: "Abundant gifts will hurt virtue, and extravagance will swallow up propriety.") "Li, Li, Li, do you just refer to these precious gifts such as jade silk? The Book of Songs says: "All kinds of food taste really beautiful, because they suit the taste." "If it is not appropriate for the season, if it is not respectful and polite, and if it does not like to be happy, then even if it tastes beautiful, it is not in accordance with the requirements of etiquette. ）
The water walker has a deep surface, so that people will not be trapped, and the ruler of the people is chaotic, so that people are not lost, and the courtesy is also his appearance. The first king showed the chaos of the world with propriety and righteousness, but now those who abolish the rites are abandoning the table, so the people are confused and fall into calamity, and the reason why this punishment is so complicated.
(Those who trek in the water use signs to indicate the depth so that they do not drown in the deep water; those who govern the people use standards to indicate the scourge so that they do not make mistakes.) The ritual system is this kind of standard, and the ancient Shengming Emperor used the ritual system to highlight the chaos of tomorrow. Abolishing the etiquette system now is throwing away the standard, so the people are confused and fall into trouble. This is the reason for the multiplicity of punishments. ）
Shun said: "Wei Yu rules according to desire. "Therefore, the life of the rite is to be from the sage to the common people, not to be sanctified; but also to be sanctified, not to learn; Yao to learn from Junchou, Shun to learn from Wu Chengzhao, Yu to learn from the Western Kingdom.
(Shun said, "Only I can rule the world as I please.") Therefore, the rites were created for the sake of the sages and the masses below, not for the sake of making people saints, but this is also the reason why people become saints. You can't become an accomplished saint without studying. Yao once learned from Jun Chou, Shun learned from Wu Chengzhao, and Yu learned from the Western Kingdom. ）
Fifty is not mourning, seventy is only decaying.
(Fifty-year-olds don't need to do all the funeral etiquette, seventy-year-olds just need to wear mourning clothes.) ）
The gift of personal welcome, the father stood in the south, the son knelt in the north, and ordered him: "Go to Yingerxiang, become my sect, and pay tribute to the heirs of the ancestors, if there is a constant." Zi said: "No! I am afraid that I can't, I dare to forget my life!"
(The bridegroom himself goes to greet the bride: the father stands facing south, the son kneels facing north, and the father pours wine and offers to the gods while instructing the son: "Go and greet your virtuous helper, complete the great task of sacrificing the temple in my family's lineage, and lead her to honor your mother and be your mother's heir, and you must act regularly.") The son said, "Yes, I am afraid that I will not be able to do it, and I will never forget your instructions." ）
The husband also behaves, and the salute is also said. Those who are courteous, the noble are respectful, the old are filial, the elder are brothers, the young are kind, and the lowly are benevolent.
(The so-called virtue refers to the practice of propriety and righteousness.) The so-called propriety and righteousness means to respect those of high status, to be filial to the old, to be obedient to the elderly, to be kind to the young, and to give favors to the lowly. ）
Give him a palace as a reward for the kingdom, and if he is angry with his concubines, he will punish all the people.
(Reward in one's own family should be used in the same way as in the state; anger against one's own retainers, wives, concubines, slaves, and maidservants should be punished as if they were punishment for the people;)
The gentleman is to the son, love it but not face, make it not look at it, and do not be strong with the way.
(A gentleman loves his children without showing them on his face, calls them without showing a look, guides them with the right doctrine and does not force them to accept it.) ）
Etiquette is based on conforming to people's hearts, so those who die in the scriptures of etiquette and follow people's hearts are also courtesy.
(Etiquette is based on conforming to people's hearts.) Therefore, although it is not recorded in the "Book of Rites", as long as it can conform to the hearts of the people, it is a rite. ）
The great thing of the ceremony: life, ornamentation, death, mourning, military service, Shi Wei.
(The general situation of the rites is that it is used to serve the living to embellish joy, to bury the dead to better express sorrow, and to serve the army to decorate the might.) ）
Relatives, old people, mediocrity, hard work, benevolence kills, noble, honorable, virtuous, old, long, righteous and virtuous. The practice is appropriate, and the order of etiquette is also. Benevolence and love are also the result of the family, righteousness and reason are also the deeds, and etiquette and etiquette are also the same. Benevolence has a door, righteousness has a door, benevolence, not its inside, not benevolence, righteousness, not its door, not righteousness. If you ignore it, you will not be benevolent, if you do not dare to do it, if you do not become righteous, if you do not accept it, if you do not accept it, if you do not pay attention to it, if you do not become happy.
Therefore, it is said: benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, and music, which lead to one. The gentleman is benevolent and righteous, and then benevolent, and then righteous and courteous, and then righteous. All three are passed, and then the Tao is also.
（
Closeness to parents, warmth to old friends, rewards for meritorious deeds, and comfort for those who have worked hard are hierarchical differences in benevolence, and it is the ethical norms of righteousness to respect those who are of noble status, to respect those who are of great rank, to respect those who are virtuous, to respect those who are virtuous, to respect those who are old, and to respect those who are elderly. The proper way to practice these benevolent and righteous paths is the order of propriety.
Benevolence means loving others, so we can be close to others, righteousness is reasonable, so we can practice, and courtesy is moderation, so we can succeed. Benevolence has a place to live, and righteousness has a door to enter and exit.
Benevolence is not benevolence if it is not where it should dwell but settles there, and righteousness, from where it is not the gateway through which it should enter and exit, it is not righteousness. If you exercise grace but do not conform to reason, it will not become benevolence, if you understand the truth but dare not obey it, you will not become righteousness, if you understand the system without making people harmonious and harmonious, it will not become courtesy, and if you are harmonious and harmonious but not expressed, it will not become happiness. Therefore, benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, and happiness are the same goals.
A gentleman disposes of benevolence according to righteousness, and then there is benevolence, and only then does he have righteousness, and when he formulates etiquette, he goes back and grasps its fundamental principles, so as to complete its specific details, and then there is etiquette. All three are mastered, and then the right path is followed.
）
The goods and wealth are said to be rich, the horses are said to be rich, the clothes are said to be sold, the play is said to be gifted, and the jade shell is said to be bad. Thanks, so Sasheng also, give a scarry, so send death. It is not as good as sending a corpse to death, and it is not as sad as mourning, and it is indecent. Therefore, the auspicious line is fifty, the funeral is a hundred miles, the gift and the matter, the gift is also great.
(The property given to help others with funerals is called 赙, the carriages and horses given are called 赙, the shroud clothes and clothes given are called 禭, the items that the deceased play and enjoy are called gifts, and the pearl and jade shells given to the deceased in the mouth are called 唔.) Gifts and gifts are used to help the families of the deceased, and gifts, gifts, and gifts are used to bury the deceased. It is not proper to see the body in the coffin when bidding farewell to the deceased, and to mourn the deceased and comfort his family without mourning.
Therefore, when participating in auspicious ceremonies, you have to walk 50 miles a day, and when you are at a funeral, you have to run 100 miles a day, and the things you give to help others with the funeral must catch up with the funeral, which is the big end of etiquette. ）
Those who are courteous are also the ones who are in government; if they are not courteous, they will not be able to do it.
When the Son of Heaven ascended the throne, Shangqing Jin said: "If you can get rid of trouble, it will be a blessing, and if you can't get rid of trouble, you will be a thief." "Give the Son of Heaven a strategy. Zhongqingjin said: "Those who match the sky and have the earth, think about things first, and worry about trouble first." The first thing to think about is to take it, and then the thing is better. The first trouble is called the precaution, and the precaution will not be born. When it comes to the matter, those who worry about it are said to be after, and then they don't do anything. Those who suffer and worry about it are called sleepy, and those who are trapped are irreversible. "Give the Son of Heaven two strategies. Xia Qingjin said: "There is no slack in respecting the precepts, the celebrant is in the hall, and the hanger is in Lu." Misfortune and good neighbors, I don't know their door. Yuya! Yuya! All the people look forward to it. "Give the Son of Heaven three strategies.
(Etiquette is the guiding principle of politics.) If the government is not governed in accordance with propriety, the policy cannot be implemented.
When the Son of Heaven first ascended the throne, Shangqing stepped forward and said, "What should you do if the worries of the world are so deep? If you can get rid of evils, you will be happy, and if you can't get rid of them, you will suffer." After speaking, he handed the first book to the Son of Heaven. Zhongqing stepped forward and said, "Those who are worthy of Heaven and own the land of the world must consider that matter before it happens, and must consider the disaster before it comes. Considering things before they happen is called agility, and if you can be agile, then things will be successful, and if you think about disasters before they come, you can prepare in advance, and if you can prepare in advance, then disasters will not happen.
Those who are considered after they have happened are called backwardness; if they are backward, then things will not be done; and those that are considered after disasters have come are called distress, and when they are distressed, then disasters cannot be resisted. After speaking, he handed the second book to the Son of Heaven.
Xia Qing stepped forward and said: "Be cautious and don't slack off! Sometimes the celebrants are still in the lobby, and the mourners have already arrived at the gate. Disasters and happiness are close together, and people sometimes don't know why and where they arise. Prepare in advance! Hundreds of millions of people are looking up to you. After speaking, he handed over the third book to the Son of Heaven. ）
Yu saw the cultivator coupling, standing and style, passing through the ten rooms of the city, must go down.
(Yu saw the two people plowing the land working side by side, so he stood up and held the crossbar in front of the carriage; after passing through a town of more than a dozen families, he must get off the train.) ）
杀大蚤，朝大晚，非礼也。 治民不以礼，动斯陷矣。
(It is not polite to hunt animals too early and go up too late.) If you don't govern the people according to etiquette, you will lose your footing if you move. ）
The balance is said to worship, the next balance is said to be the head, and the ground is said to be the head.
(Bending over and keeping the head level with the waist is called worship, the head lower than the waist is called Jishou, and the head touching the ground is called Jifeng.) ）
The ministers of the doctor, worship the chief, and do not respect the retainers, so the king is also.
(The doctor's retainers only bow to the doctor and do not bow down, not to improve the status of the retainers, but to avoid the same level of etiquette between the doctor and the king.) ）
One life tooth in the township, and then life tooth in the clan, three lives, although the clansmen dare not go first despite seventy. Upper doctor, middle doctor, lower doctor.
(When drinking in the township, the first-class officials and the people of the township are ranked according to their age; the second-class officials and the people of the same clan are ranked according to their age; as for the third-class officials, even if they are seventy years old, they dare not be ranked in front of them.) Doctors are divided into upper doctors, middle doctors, and lower doctors. ）
Good things are still respected, and funerals are still relatives.
(In auspicious events, the seats should be ranked according to the relationship between official rank and status, and in funerals, the seats should be arranged according to the relationship with the deceased.) ）
聘、问也。 享、献也。 私觌、私见也。
(Hi means sending messengers to each other to greet each other.) Enjoyment means that the messenger is ordered to offer gifts to the Son of Heaven and the princes. Privately, that is, to meet the princes privately in a private capacity and as a courtesy. ）
The beauty of words, Emperor Mumu. The beauty of the imperial court is full of money.
(To describe the beauty of words, say "Emperor Mumu".) To describe the beauty of the imperial court, it is said that "Ji Ji is staggering". ）
Those who are subordinates have admonition but no criticism, death without illness, resentment but no anger.
(Whoever is a courtier can only persuade but not slander his superior, can only run away without hating his superior, and can only complain but not be angry with his superior.) ）
Jun Yu Doctor, three questions about his illness, three about his funeral; The princes are not concerned about the sickness and mourning the homes of the ministers.
After the burial, if the father's friend eats it, he eats it, and he does not cut the meat, and if there is wine, he will resign.
Sleep without stepping on the temple, swallow clothes without stepping on sacrificial clothes, and etiquette.
(The monarch paid homage to the doctor three times when he was sick and three times after his death; once to the priest and once to pay homage.) If the princes do not visit the sick or pay respects to the dead, they do not go to the homes of their courtiers. After the father or mother has been buried, the monarch or the father's friend allows him to eat, and he can eat it, and he does not shy away from rice and meat, but if there is wine, he must say goodbye. The size of the dormitory cannot exceed that of the temple, and the clothes worn to participate in the Yan ceremony cannot exceed the dress worn by the sacrifice, which is a ritual system. ）
Soup salty, see couple. The way of husband and wife must not be wrong, and the foundation of the father and son of the monarch and the minister. Salty and sensible, high and low, male and female, soft and rigid.
(The "salty" hexagram in the Book of Changes shows the way of husband and wife.) The way of husband and wife cannot be upright, it is the foundation of the relationship between monarchs and ministers, father and son. Salty means induction, and its symbol is to put the high below the low, and the male under the woman, which is soft on the top and strong on the bottom. ）
The righteousness of the hired man, the way of welcome, and the beginning again.
(The ceremony of hiring the Magi, and the bridegroom's personal approach to welcoming the bride, are all focused on the beginning.) ）
Those who are courteous will also perform what people do, and if they lose what they do, they will fall into drowning. The loss is small and it is chaotic, and the etiquette is also.
(Etiquette is the basic principle that people must follow in their actions.) If a person loses his place to stand, he will surely stumble and sink into danger. As long as there is a slight deviation, it will lead to a huge disaster, and this is the role of etiquette. ）
Etiquette is also for the country, such as weighing for the weight, and for the rope and ink for the straight. Therefore, people are rude and do not live, things are rude, and the country is rude and restless. Monarchs and ministers have to be respected, fathers and sons have to kiss, brothers have to be obedient, husbands and wives have to be obedient, the young are the elders, and the old are raised. Therefore, heaven and earth are born, and saints are made.
(Etiquette is to the country, what a scale is to lightness, and an ink line is to straight.) Therefore, if people do not understand etiquette and righteousness, they cannot survive in society, if they do not understand etiquette and righteousness, they cannot do things, and if the country does not understand etiquette, there will be no peace. Etiquette is to the country as a scale is to the light, as the ink line is to the straight. Therefore, if people do not understand etiquette and righteousness, they cannot survive in society, if they do not understand etiquette and righteousness, they cannot do things, and if the country does not understand etiquette, there will be no peace. ）
And the voice of Luan, the martial elephant in the step, tends to protect the Shao. The gentleman listens to the law and gets used to it, and then comes out.
(The sound of the car bell is in line with the rhythm of "Wu" and "Xiang" when the car is slowing down, and the rhythm of "Shao" and "Hu" when the car is running.) A gentleman should listen to whether Peiyu's voice is in rhythm when walking, and practice good manners, so that he can become an elegant person. ）
The frost falls against the woman, the ice pan kills and stops, and the emperor is one in ten days.
(Marriages begin when the frost falls, and stop when the ice melts in the river the following year.) For the wife, once in ten days. ）
Sit and look at the knees, stand at the feet, and respond to the verbal vision. Look at the front six feet and the big one - six six thirty-six, three feet six feet.
(The other person sits and looks at his knees; the other person stands and looks at his feet; and when he answers, looks at his face.) When he was standing, he looked at him six feet in front of him, and the farthest was six hundred and sixty-thirty-six feet, that is, three feet and six feet away. ）
The appearance is emotional, and the appearance is inside and outside. In the middle of the ceremony, it is possible to think about it.
(Etiquette and affection form a relationship between the inside and outside, which is a moderate etiquette.) Being good at thinking is called worrying. ）
The one who is a celebrant is in harmony with the end and the end is corresponding.
(The fundamental principles and details of the ritual system do not contradict each other, and the ritual of the end of life and the ritual of the beginning of life correspond to each other.) ）
The etiquette is used for property, the noble and the lowly are the text, and the number is different.
(The so-called etiquette system is to use external things such as money and goods as tools, the difference between honor and humility as a system of etiquette, and the amount of enjoyment as the difference between dignity and inferiority.) ）
The subordinate ministers are the goods, the middle ministers are the body, and the ministers are the people.
Yi said: "What is the blame for recovering from the Tao?"
(The inferior courtiers served the monarch with their possessions, the middle courtiers served the monarch with their unremitting efforts and even their own lives, and the superior courtiers recommended talents to serve the monarch.) The Book of Changes says, "What is wrong with returning to your own path?" praised Qin Mugong, believing that he could correct his mistakes and change his inherent thinking. ）
If a scholar is jealous of a friend, he will not be a good friend, and if he is jealous of his minister, then a virtuous person will not come. Those who conceal the public are called ambiguous, those who hide sages are said to be jealous, and those who are jealous are said to be ambiguous. The people who have made friends, the ministers who are jealous, and the sins of the country.
(Once a scholar has made a friend who likes to be jealous, then a virtuous person will not be close to him; if the monarch has a courtier who likes to be jealous, then a virtuous person will not come.) Those who conceal justice are called deceitful, those who bury good are called jealousy, and those who flatter and envy are called cunning and deceitful. The cunning and deceitful villain, the jealous and deceitful courtiers, are the garbage and demons of the state. ）
The mouth can speak, the body can act, and the national treasure is also. The mouth can't speak, the body can do it, and the national weapon is also. The mouth can speak, but the body can't do it, and the country can use it. Words are good, deeds are evil, and the national demon is also. Those who govern the country respect their treasures, love their weapons, let them be used, and get rid of their demons.
(People who can talk about etiquette and righteousness and practice etiquette themselves are treasures of the country.) People who can't talk about etiquette and righteousness in their mouths, and can practice etiquette and righteousness themselves, are the instruments of the state. People who can talk about etiquette and righteousness in their mouths, but cannot practice etiquette and righteousness themselves, can only be tools of the state. If he speaks well and does bad things himself, this kind of person is simply a demon of the country. Those who govern the country respect the treasures of the state, cherish the instruments of the state, use the tools of the state, and eradicate the evils of the state. ）
If you are not rich, you will not be able to support the people's feelings, and if you do not teach, you will not be able to understand the people's nature. The old family has five acres of house and 100 acres of land, and they do their business, and don't take away their time, so they are rich. Establish a university, set up an order, cultivate six rites, and teach seven teachings, so the Tao is also. The poem says: "Drink and eat, teach." "The king's affairs are in charge.
(Without making the people rich, it is impossible to regulate the people's thoughts and feelings, and without education, it is impossible to rectify the people's nature.) Each family has five acres of homestead land and 100 acres of arable land, and strives to engage in agricultural production without delaying their agricultural time, which is the way to make them rich. The establishment of national institutions of higher learning, the establishment of local schools, the rectification of the six rites, and the manifestation of the seven aspects of education, are the methods used to guide them. "Poetry" cloud: "Give people to drink, give people to eat, educate people, and guide people." "In this way, the government of the world will be complete. ）
King Wu began to enter Yin, the Lu of the table businessman, the prisoner of the Jizi, the tomb of the crying Bigan, and the countryside of the world.
There are men and women in the world, and there are sages in the world. The lost don't ask for directions, the drowning don't ask for success, and the dead are lonely. The poem says: "I am convinced, don't use it as a laugh." The ancestors had a saying, and they asked for it. Yan Bo asked.
(When King Wu of Zhou first entered the Yin capital, he set up a sign at the door of the alley where Shang Rong lived to recognize his merits, released the captivity of Jizi, and wept and mourned at Bigan's tomb, so that everyone in the world tended to do good.) Every country in the world has people with outstanding intelligence, and there are people of great ability in every era. Those who are lost are the result of not asking for the way, those who are flooded are the result of not asking about the waterway, and the state is destroyed by the monarch who likes to be arbitrary. The Book of Songs says: "What I say is important, don't think it's a joke." The ancients once had a saying: Ask the woodcutter for advice. This means asking a wide range of people. ）
Those who have the law act by the law, and those who cannot do so by analogy. It knows the end with its original, knows its right with its left, and keeps each other in all things. Celebration of rewards and punishments should be followed by general categories, and political and religious customs should be carried out in accordance with each other.
(If there is a legal basis, it will be handled in accordance with the law, and if there is no legal provision to follow, it will be handled according to the analogy.) Its details are deduced from its fundamental principles, and its aspects are deduced from one aspect of it. In all kinds of things, although the principles are different, they are mutually restrictive. For praise and reward and punishment, the principle of analogy is understood, and then there can be corresponding disposition. Political indoctrination can only be carried out if it is compatible with customs and habits. ）
Eighty people have a son, ninety people have nothing to do with their families, those who are sick and sick are not people who do not support, one person is not okay, the funeral of parents, three years of nothing, Qi Decline and Great Achievement, March is not fine, from the princes, and the new has a faint, and the period is not a thing.
( A man of eighty years of age may have a son who is not subject to servitude; a man of ninety years of age may have his whole family without servitude; and a person who is disabled or sick and cannot live without anyone to take care of him may have one member of the family who is not subject to servitude.
If there is a funeral of a father or mother, you can not serve labor for three years, and if you are declining and have great achievements, you can not serve labor for three months.
Those who moved from other vassal states and who were newly married were allowed to abstain from servitude for one year. ）
The son is a doctor who is not as good as Yan Zi; Yan Zi's minister is not as good as Zi Zhuang; Zi is also a good person, not as good as Guan Zhong; Guan Zhong is a human being, he is not good at righteousness, he is not good at knowing benevolence, and he is not a savage, so he can't be a doctor of the Son of Heaven.
(Confucius said: Zi Jiaju is a doctor who gains the sovereign's discernment, not as good as Yan Zi; Yan Zi is an effective courtier, and is not up to Zi Zhuang; Zi Chuan is a person who gives favors, and does not manage Zhong; Guan Zhong's position is committed to efficacy rather than morality, to wisdom and not to benevolence, and is a person who lacks etiquette and righteousness, and cannot be a doctor of the Son of Heaven.) ）
Mencius saw King Xuan three times and did not say anything. The doorman said: "Why don't you say anything for the three encounters with the king of Qi?" Mencius said: "I will attack his evil heart first." ”
(Mencius met King Xuan of Qi three times without talking about state affairs.) His students said, "Why didn't you talk about state affairs when you met the king of Qi three times?" Mencius said, "I will first crack down on his bad idea of only emphasizing utilitarian hegemony." ”）
The Yan of the Gongxingzi, when he met Zeng Yuan in Tu, said: "What is Yan Jun?" Zeng Yuan said: "Zhibei." Those who are humble will take things lightly, and those who are light on things do not ask for help; if they do not ask for help, how can they be lifted? Lifu is harming the country, and then doing it, how many are knowing!"
(Gong Xingzizhi went to Yan Kingdom, met Zeng Yuan on the way, and said, "How is the monarch of Yan Kingdom?" Zeng Yuan said: "His ambition is not ambitious. People who are not ambitious look down on their careers, and those who look down on their careers do not look for help. If he doesn't find someone to help him, how can he achieve his career? He can only be a captive of the Di and Qiang peoples. He was not worried that he would be bound, but he was worried that he would not be cremated according to the customs of the Di and Qiang tribes after his death. The benefits he gets are as subtle as the new animal hair that grows in the autumn, but the harm is detrimental to the country, and if he still wants to do such a thing, how can he be regarded as a person who knows how to govern the country?"
Those who are dead in the present day seek it all day long but do not get it, and they can not get it without seeing it, but also seeing it with their eyes. The same is true for the mind.
(Now the man who lost the needle searched for it all day and couldn't find it; when he found it, it wasn't that his eyes were brighter, but that he found it when his eyes were wide open.) It's the same with mental considerations. ）
Those who are "righteous" and "profitable" have both. Although Yao Shun cannot go to the people's desires, he can make his desires for profit not restrain his good righteousness. Although it cannot remove the good and righteousness of the people, it can make it more righteous than it desires. Therefore, the victor of righteousness is the ruler of the world, and the righteous are troubled times. If you value righteousness, you will be righteous, and if you are heavy, you will be righteous. Therefore, the Son of Heaven does not say much, the princes do not say anything about the interests and harms, the doctors do not say anything about the loss, and the scholars do not say about the goods. There are kings of the country who do not stop cattle and sheep, ministers who are wrong do not stop chickens and porpoises, Tomb Qing does not repair coins, doctors do not work for the garden, and the scholars and above are ashamed to compete with the people, and they are happy to share and accumulate shame;
(Morality and self-interest are things that people have.) Even a virtuous monarch like Yao Shun could not remove the people's desire to pursue self-interest, but they could make their pursuit of self-interest no match their love of morality; even tyrants like Xia Wei and Shang Xun could not remove the people's love of morality, but they could make their love of morality rival their pursuit of self-interest. Therefore, what is better governed is a society in which morality trumps self-interest, and what is better governed is a society in which self-interest trumps morality. If the monarch values morality, morality will prevail over self-interest, and if the monarch advocates self-interest, self-interest will prevail over morality.
Therefore, the Son of Heaven does not talk about the amount of wealth, the princes do not talk about whether it is beneficial or harmful, the doctor does not talk about gaining or losing, and the scholars do not trade in goods. The monarch who owns the state does not breed cattle and sheep, the courtiers who are dedicated to the monarch do not breed chickens and piglets, the emperor does not lend usury, the doctor does not build a field to grow vegetables, and the officials above the rank of sergeant are ashamed to pursue personal interests and do not compete with the people for occupations, and they like to give alms and are ashamed to hoard private treasures.
Therefore, the people will not be bothered by money, and the poor will not be at a loss. ）
King Wen Zhu Si, King Wu Zhu Er, Zhou Gong died, and Cheng Kang was not punished.
(King Wen of Zhou crusaded against four countries, King Wu of Zhou killed two people, Zhou Gongdan completed the great cause of becoming the king of the world, and did not kill when King Zhou Cheng and King Kang of Zhou.) ）
Accumulating more wealth and being ashamed, and valuing the people but not punishing them, the reason why this evil act arises is the reason why there are many punishments.
(Shame in approving the accumulation of money and having nothing, and punishing those who are unbearable, are the root causes of evil and the multiplicity of punishments.) ）
If the righteousness is good, the people will be decorated! If the people are rich, the people will die and benefit! The folk saying goes: "If you want to be rich, endure shame, abandon the old ways, and go against righteousness!"
(If the monarch loves righteousness, then the people will secretly cheer up and correct their words and deeds; if the monarch loves wealth, then the people will die for profit.) These two points are the watershed of peace and order. As the folk saying goes: "Do you want to be rich? endure shame, morally corrupt, break with the old and run counter to morality." "The monarch loves wealth, so the behavior of the people is like this, how can it not be chaotic?)
Tang Ran and prayed: "Why doesn't it rain to the extreme? Why doesn't it rain to the extreme? Why doesn't it rain to the extreme!"
(Shang Tang prayed to God because of the great drought: "Is it my policy that is inappropriate? Is it that I have made the people miserable? Why does it not rain when the drought is so extreme? Is it because my palace is too gorgeous? Is it because my wife and concubines ask for too much intercession? Why does it not rain when the drought reaches such an extreme state? Is it because bribery is prevalent? Is it the slanderer who has made a fortune? Why does it not rain when the drought reaches such an extreme state?")
The people of heaven are not kings, and the people of heaven are the people. Therefore, the ancients did not establish the country with noble princes, and they did not rank official positions, but they did not honor doctors.
(Heaven did not give birth to the people for the sake of the monarch, but Heaven appointed the monarch for the sake of the people.) Therefore, in ancient times, the establishment of vassal states by dividing land was not just used to respect the princes, and arranging various official positions and distinguishing the rank of the knighthood was not just used to respect the doctors. ）
The Lord knows the people, and the ministers know the governor. Therefore, Shun rules the world, and everything is done without edicts. Farmers are good in the fields, but they can't be field masters, and so are the workers.
(The way to be a king lies in the selection and use of talents, and the way to be a minister lies in being proficient in and handling political affairs.) Therefore, in the past, Shun ruled the world, and all kinds of things were done without admonishing everything. The farmer was proficient in farming, but he could not become an official in charge of agriculture, as did the workers and merchants. ）
It is easy to be virtuous, and it is not good to know the fortune after the divination. In order to control the chaos, do not wait for the war and then know the victory.
(Replacing a person with a virtuous person for a person who is not virtuous will be auspicious without waiting for divination.) Use a stable country to attack a chaotic country, and you will know that you can conquer it without waiting for a war. ）
Qi people want to cut Lu, avoid Bian Zhuangzi, and dare not pass Bian. The Jin people want to defend themselves, they are afraid of the road, and they dare not cross Pu.
(The people of Qi wanted to attack the Lu State, but they were afraid of Bian Zhuangzi and did not dare to pass through Bian Cheng.) The people of the Jin Kingdom wanted to attack the country, but they were afraid of Zilu and did not dare to pass through Puyi. ）
I don't know and ask Yao Shun, and I ask for heaven without anything. --Said: The way of the first king, then Yao Shun has been, and the six two Bo have been Tianfu.
(If you don't understand politics, you go to ask Yao Shun about how to govern the country, and if you don't have knowledge, you go to the treasury of the Son of Heaven for help.) If you want me to say, the political principles of the ancient holy kings are the political principles of Yao Shun, and the rich content contained in the Six Classics is the treasure house of knowledge. ）
A gentleman's learning is like a metamorphosis, and it is turned over. Therefore, its action is effective, its immediate effect, its color, and the effect of speech. There is no goodness, no questions.
(A gentleman's learning is like a snake, a cicada, etc., which will soon change.) So, he walked and followed, he stood, he sits, he put on a face, he spoke, and he said. Don't leave good things behind and don't do them, don't put off what you want to ask overnight. ）
Good scholars do their best, and good deeds are difficult.
(People who are good at learning thoroughly understand the truth of things, and people who are good at doing things thoroughly overcome difficulties in their work)
The gentleman is determined to be poor, although the three princes of heaven ask right, they are right and wrong.
(The gentleman takes it as his ambition to study the root of things, and even if the Son of Heaven and the Three Princes inquire about political affairs, they will answer according to the actual situation of right and wrong.) ）
The gentleman is poor but does not lose, tired but not reluctant, and does not forget the words of the banquet in the face of adversity. The years are not cold, there is no way to know the pine and cypress, and it is not difficult to know that the gentleman is everywhere.
(A gentleman is poor and does not lose his will, he is tired but not reluctant and steals peace, and he does not turn his back on what he usually says at the table in the face of calamity.) If the years are not cold, there is no way to know the perseverance and uprightness of the pine and cypress, and if things are not dangerous, there is no way to know the ambition of the gentleman. As a gentleman, there is not a day when he does not insist on what he thinks is right, that is, the Tao. ）
The rain is small, and the Han Dynasty is dive. The husband is as small as the big one, the small one is small, the virtuous one is colorful, the line is exhausted and the voice is far away, and the villain is not sincere in the inside and seeks it outside.
(Although the rain is light, the Han water still flows into the diving.) Collect as much as possible the small ones will become huge, and the small ones will become significant if they accumulate as many as possible. A person with a very high morality will have a gentle face and attitude, and the reputation of a person with perfect conduct will spread far and wide. And the villain does not enrich his inner qualities, but only goes to the outside world to pursue a good reputation, which is in vain. ）
Words are not called the teacher, and teaching is not called the teacher. The people of the double, the Ming Jun is not inside, and the courtiers and doctors do not speak with each other.
(Not praising the teacher when speaking is called rebellion, and not praising the teacher when teaching is called betrayal.) The wise monarch did not accept the man who betrayed the teacher, and the scholars in the court did not speak to him when they met him on the road. ）
Not enough for those who do, have spoken, and not enough for those who believe, true. Therefore, the Spring and Autumn Period is good at life, and the poem is not a repeated alliance, and its heart is also one. Those who are good at poetry do not say, those who are good at making things easy do not take possession, and those who are good at courtesy do not get along, and their hearts are the same.
(People who are not practical in their actions tend to exaggerate and exaggerate; those who are dishonest in terms of credit often pretend to be sincere in their words.)
Therefore, the "Spring and Autumn Period" praises the verbal agreements between the princes, while the "Book of Songs" criticizes the princes for repeatedly making covenants, and their intentions are the same.
Those who are good at studying and treating "poems" do not make explanations, those who are good at studying and treating "Yi" do not divide, and those who are good at studying and treating "rites" do not assist in bowing, and their intentions are the same. ）
Zeng Zi said: "The words of filial piety are audible, and the deeds are visible." Words can be heard, so it is said that it is far away, and the behavior is visible, so it is said that it is near, and those who are close are close, and those who are far away are attached, and those who are close and attached are far away, and the way of filial piety is also. ”
(Zeng Tzu said: "What a filial son says can be heard, and what he does can be seen.") Words can be heard, they are used to please those who are far away, and things are done to be seen, they are used to please those who are near. Those who are near will come close when they are happy, and those who are far away will come to join when they are satisfied. It is the principle of filial piety to make those who are near to be close and those who are far away to be attached. ”）
Zeng Zixing, Yan Zi from the suburbs, said: "Infant Wenzhi: The gentleman gives people words, and the common people give people money." The infant is poor and has no wealth, so I ask for leave from the gentleman, and give my son to say: take the wheel of public opinion, the wood of the Taishan Mountain, show all the barriers, March and May, for the picking, but not the opposite. The gentleman's sorrow must not be disrespectful. Prudence! Lan Fan is in this book, gradually becoming honey liquor, and it is easy to admire. Zhengjun gradually became fragrant wine, but he could get it. A gentleman is gradual, and he must not be careless. ”
(Zeng Zi was leaving, and Yan Zi followed him to the suburbs, saying, "Yan Ying has heard such a saying: 'A gentleman gives away with words, and the people give away with money.' 'I am poor and have no property, so let me pretend to be a gentleman and give you a word: The wheels of the carriage were originally wood from Mount Tai, and it was placed in a shaper, and after three or five months it was made into a frame, a width, and a hub, and even if the leather that wrapped the hub was broken, it would not be restored to its original shape. A gentleman must not be cautious about the tools of the body, but must be cautious about them! If herbs such as orchid and manuscript are soaked in honey and sweet wine, they must be replaced as soon as they are worn. If an upright monarch is soaked in sweet words like fragrant wine, he will also be captured by slander. A gentleman can't be cautious about the environment that he is gradually contaminating. ”）
People are to literature, and jade is to pondering. The poem says: "If you cut it, you can learn it, and if you grind it." "It's also learning. And the bi, the well is also, the jade is the treasure, for the treasure of the Son of Heaven. Zi Gan Ji Lu is also contemptible, is literary, serves righteousness, and is a corporal under heaven.
("A man is to study and study ancient texts what a carver is to carve jade.") The Book of Songs says: "It's like grinding ivory for bones, like carving jade and grinding stones." "It's just about doing knowledge. Bian He's jade is originally a wedge-shaped stone block fixed with a latch in the township, and it has become a treasure in the world after the craftsmen who process the jade have carefully carved it. Zigong and Zilu, who were originally shallow people, were influenced by the literature and classics, followed the etiquette and righteousness, and became one of the few Confucian celebrities in the world. ”）
Never get tired of learning, good people are tireless, it is heaven.
(If you are not satisfied with learning and asking for advice, and those who love literati and virtuous people do not get tired of it, you can gain a lot of knowledge and achieve great achievements.) ）
If the gentleman is suspicious, he will not speak, and if he does not ask, he will not speak, and the road is getting farther and farther.
(A gentleman will not talk about what he has doubts, and he will not talk about what he has not consulted.) The longer you do this, the knowledge will increase day by day. ）
Knowledgeable but unrelated, erudite but unruly, many but uncertain, gentlemen do not agree.
(But a gentleman will not befriend a person who knows a lot but does not have any special hobbies, who learns a lot but does not have a main direction, who likes to learn a lot but does not have a definite goal.) ）
There is no sarcasm, and it is not discussed, although it is possible, it has not been done.
(If you don't study when you're a teenager and don't make comments when you're in your prime, even if your qualifications are okay, you can't achieve anything.) ）
A gentleman teaches a lesson, a disciple learns, and it is urgent.
(A gentleman who concentrates on teaching, and a student who concentrates on his studies will achieve results quickly.) ）
A gentleman will benefit from the reputation of the top, and the worry of the loss. If you can't live in it, you will be falsely accused, and if you don't benefit it, you will be generous and steal. Scholars are not necessarily scholars, but scholars must be scholars.
(When a gentleman becomes an official in the court, he can increase the honor of the monarch and reduce the worries of the people.) To remain in an official position without talent is to deceive, and to enjoy a good fortune without any benefit to the monarch and the people is theft. Those who study are not necessarily to become officials, and those who are officials must study hard. ）
Zigong asked Confucius: "Give you tired of learning, and I wish to rest the king." ”
Confucius said: "The poem says: 'Gentle day and night, deacons have sincerity.'" "Things are difficult, things can be rested!" "Then, give a wish to rest your relatives." Confucius said: "The poem says: 'Filial piety is not scarce, Yongxier.'" "Relatives are difficult, but things can be rested!" "Then I wish to rest on my wife." Confucius said: "The poem says: 'Punishment is for widows, and as for brothers, it is for the family.'" "The wife is difficult, the wife can rest!" ”
Confucius said: "The poem says: 'Friends take pictures, take prestige.'" "Friends are difficult, friends can be rested!" Confucius said: "The poem says: 'The day is in the grass, the night is in the grass, the night is in the house, and the beginning is to sow a hundred grains.'" "Ploughing is difficult, ploughing can be rested!" "Then what about those who have no rest?" Confucius said: "Looking at its circle, Gao is like it, it is like it, it is like it, and it is like it, and you know what you are doing." ”
Zigong said: "Great! Death! The gentleman rests, and the villain rests." ”
(Zigong asked Confucius, "I am tired of studying, and I wish to stop studying to serve the monarch.") Confucius said: "The Book of Songs says: 'Morning and evening are gentle and respectful, and work seriously and prudently.'" 'It is not easy to serve the monarch, how can I stop studying to serve the monarch?'" Zigong said, "In that case, then I want to stop studying and serve my parents." Confucius said: "The Book of Songs says: 'The filial piety of a filial son is endless, and God will bless you.'" 'It's not easy to serve my parents, so how can I stop studying?' Zigong said, "In that case, then I want to stop studying and get married and have children." ”
Confucius said: "The Book of Songs says: 'Set an example first for your wife, and then influence your brother to govern your family and your state.'" 'It's not easy to raise a wife and children, so how can you stop studying?' Zigong said, "In that case, then I want to stop studying and make friends." Confucius said: "The Book of Songs says: 'Friends must assist each other, and only by helping each other can they be majestic.'" 'It's not easy to be with friends, how can I stop studying with friends?' Zigong said, "In that case, then I want to stop studying and go farming." ”
Confucius said: "The Book of Songs says: 'You have to cut the thatch during the day, and you have to rub the rope at night, and you have to go to the house to repair the roof, and you are about to start sowing again.'" 'Farming is not easy, how can farming stop learning?'
Confucius said, "If you look at that tomb from afar, it looks high, it looks like a mountaintop, it looks like a mustache, and when you see this, you know when you can stop studying." ”
Zigong said: "The meaning of death is really great! the gentleman has stopped studying, and the villain is finished." ”）
The lust of the national style is also said: "Profit its desires without stopping it." Its sincerity can be compared to the gold stone, and its sound can be inside the temple. "Xiaoya is not dirty, self-leading and subordinate, the current politics to think of the past, its words are literate, its voice is sad.
(The lustful thing mentioned in "National Style" is, according to the ancient books: "Satisfy lust without deviating.") Its sincerity can be compared to the solidity of metal stone, and its music can be incorporated into the temple. ”
The authors of "Xiao Ya" were not used by the corrupt monarchs, and they retired to a lowly official position, they hated the politics of the time, so they were nostalgic for the past, and the words of "Xiao Ya" are full of literary brilliance, and the music has a mournful mood. ）
The country will prosper, and the master will be valuable, and the master will be important, and the law will exist. If the country is about to decline, it will be a lowly teacher and a light master; if a lowly teacher is a light master, then people will be fast, and if people are fast, the law will be bad.
(When the country is about to prosper, it must respect the teacher and value the skillful person; respect the teacher and value the skillful person, then the law can be maintained and implemented.) When the state is about to decline, it must despise teachers and despise skilled talents; if we despise teachers and despise skilled people, then people will have a presumptuous heart, and if people have a presumptuous heart, then the law will be destroyed. ）
The ancients were fifty and fifty scholars. The princes of the Son of Heaven are nineteen crowns, crowns and listen to governance, and their teachings are also.
(In ancient times, the common people could not become officials until they were fifty years old, but the sons of the Son of Heaven and the princes were crowned at the age of nineteen, and after the crown ceremony, they could participate in the administration of government affairs, because they were very well educated.) ）
A gentleman is also good, and his person is also good, and his person is not taught, and it is ominous. It is not a gentleman who is good, not another person, who is not a gentleman, who teaches him, who steals grain and borrows thieves.
(For a gentleman, he is an ideal person who can be made; it is unlucky not to teach such an ideal candidate.) To teach a man who is not a gentleman is to give food to thieves and weapons to robbers. ）
Those who do not beg themselves will speak abusively. The sages of the ancients, cheap for cloth, poor for the husband, food is not enough porridge, clothes are not finished;
(People who are not self-aware of their lack of virtue tend to exaggerate and exaggerate.) The sages of ancient times would rather be a commoner than a commoner and a common man if they were poor, and they could not even eat porridge when they ate, and they could not even wear coarse cloth clothes. But if he is not promoted according to the etiquette system, he will not enter the court as an official, and if he is not given something according to morality, he will not accept it.
Zixia's family is poor, and the clothes are like quails. People said, "Why don't you son?" and said: "I will not be a minister if the princes are proud of me, and I will not see the doctors who are proud of me." Yanagishita Hui is dressed in the same clothes as the back doorman, and there is no suspicion, and it is not a day's news. Striving for profit is like a flea's armor, and losing its palm. ”
(Zixia is poor, and her clothes are tattered like hanging quails.) Someone said, "Why don't you become an official?" Zixia said, "I will not be his courtier if the princes are proud of me, and I will not see him again if the doctor is proud of me." Megumi Yanagishita wore the same tattered clothes as the guards at the back door, but no one doubted his integrity and virtue, and this was not a rumor for a day. Fighting for power is like grabbing a fingernail and losing your palm. ”）
A gentleman must not inadvertently take a courtier, and a husband must not inadvertently take a friend. Friends, so there is also a relationship. The Tao is different, how can there be the same? If the fire is applied evenly, the fire will be dry, and the flat ground will be filled with water, and the water will be wet. The husband and the class are also subordinate, so it is also, to look at people with friends, and not to be careless, is the foundation of virtue. The poem says: "There is no general cart, and the dust is dark." "Words are not with villains.
(A monarch who rules over the people cannot choose his courtiers carelessly, and the common people cannot choose his friends carelessly.) Friends are meant to help each other. If the principles are different, what can be used to help each other? Spread the firewood and grass evenly and light the fire, which always burns to the dry firewood and grass, and pour water on the flat land, and the water always flows to the moist low-lying land. The interdependence of the same kind of things is so conspicuous that there is nothing to doubt when we look at people according to our friends? You must not be careless in choosing friends and being friendly with others, which is the basis for the attainment of virtue. The Book of Songs says: "Don't help the ox cart forward, the dust will be dirty." "This means don't get along with villains. ）
Lan Tho Lu is a plausible no. Cowardice is easy to win, and it seems to be benevolent. Fierce and aggressive, but not brave.
(Being overly arrogant and liking to show oneself as if it were wise is not really wise.) Being weak and incompetent and easily being changed by others to change their aspirations, as if they are very kind, is not really benevolent. Fierce and reckless and fond of fighting, it seems to be very brave, but it is not really brave. ）
Benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, and kindness are also to people, and if they are like goods and corn at home, those who have more are rich, those who have few are poor, and those who have nothing are poor. Therefore, the big ones can't, and the small ones don't do it, which is the way to abandon the country and donate their lives.
(Benevolence, morality, etiquette, and good deeds are like the relationship between money, food, and family, for example, those who have more of it are rich, those who have less of it are poor, and those who have nothing are embarrassed.) Therefore, if a person is unable to do such big things as benevolence, morality, etiquette, and good deeds, and refuses to do small things, this is a practice of abandoning the country and throwing away his own life. ）
Everything that comes in multiplication, and those who multiply it out are the opposite.
(Everything comes about for a reason.) The place where it appears and comes, that is, the place to which it returns. ）
The rumors are extinguished, and the goods are far away. The cause of the disaster is also born from the fiber. It is the old gentleman who is absolutely unstoppable.
(Eliminate gossip and gossip; stay away from money and women.) The root causes of calamities occur in those subtle places. Therefore, the gentleman eliminated the signs of evil as soon as possible. ）
Those who believe in words care about the area cover. If you are in doubt, you will not speak, and if you do not ask, you will not speak.
(The one who speaks truthfully exists in doubt.) Don't say what you doubt, don't say what you haven't consulted. ）
Those who know are clear about things, and they can not be dishonest. Therefore, it is said: "It is difficult for a gentleman to say, and if he does not say it, he will not say it." ”
(Wise men are very clear and well-versed in things, and we must not serve wise people unfaithfully.) Therefore, it is difficult to please a gentleman, and he will not be happy unless he is pleased by the right means." ”）
The saying said: "The flow of pills stops at the Ou Moment, and the rumors stop at the knowers." "The reason why this family is heretical is also evil. If there is any doubt about right or wrong, then measure it with distant things, test it with near things, participate in it with peace of mind, stop gossip, and die with evil words.
(As the saying goes, "When a rolling ball rolls into a pit, it stops, and gossip stops when it meets a sensible person.") This is why those private words and evil doctrines hate Confucianism. If you are in doubt about right or wrong, measure it by things that are far away, test it with recent things, examine it with a fair point of view, and gossip will cease thereby, and evil speech will die out thereby. ）
Zengzi ate fish, more than enough, and said: "Swill." The doorman said: "The swill hurts people, not as good as the mystery." Zeng Zi wept and said: "There is a different heart!"
(Zengzi ate fish with leftovers, saying, "Mix it with other dishes.") His student said, "Mixing it up will hurt people's bodies, so it's better to boil it again." With tears in his eyes, Zengzi said, "Do I have ulterior motives?" and felt sad that he had heard such words too late. ）
It's useless to be short, but it's good to meet people. Therefore, the plug is short, and the place is short, and the place is moved from the office. Ignorant but lawless, discerning and discerning, brave and rude, and hated by a gentleman.
(Don't use your own weaknesses against others' strengths.) So. Cover up and avoid your own shortcomings, accommodate and follow your strengths. Wise and unlaw-abiding, discerning and arguing and insisting on wicked and eccentric views, brave and decisive and not acting in accordance with the requirements of etiquette and law, this is hated by a gentleman. ）
If you say more, you will be a saint, if you say less, you will be a gentleman, and if you can't say more, you will be a villain.
(If you talk a lot and conform to the law of propriety and righteousness, you are a saint; if you speak little and conform to the law of propriety and righteousness, you are a gentleman; if you say too much and say too little but you still indulge in it, even if you can speak well, you are a villain.) ）
The law of the country prohibits gleaning, and the string of evil people is divided into nothing, and if there is a husband and a husband, the world is allowed to rule, and if there is no righteousness, one wife and one concubine will be chaotic.
(The law of the state prohibits the scavenging of lost property of others, which is a reverence for the habit of the people to obtain property according to the rules.) If you have that morality, you will be able to take over the world and govern it well, and if you don't have morality, then even if you only have one wife and one concubine, you will be in a mess. ）
The people of the world are only deliberate, but they also have something to give. Those who speak taste are given to Yi Ya, those who speak are given to Shi Kuang, and those who speak are given to the three kings. Since the three kings have passed on the law by setting the law and making rituals and music, they have changed their own work without using them, so why is it different from the sum of the changing teeth, and the law of the teacher? Without the law of the three kings, the world will not die, and the country will not die.
(Although people in the world have their own unique opinions, they also have things that they approve of.) Those who talk about delicious food praise Yiya, those who talk about music praise Shi Kuang, and those who talk about politics praise the Three Kings. If the three kings had established the laws and made the system of ritual music and handed them down, if they did not follow them and change them and make a new one themselves, what difference would it be from changing the seasoning of the Yi Ya and changing the rhythm of the Shi Kuang? ）
Those who drink but do not eat are cicadas, and those who do not drink and do not eat are also floating beetles.
(Those who drink only water and do not eat are cicadas; those who do not drink water and do not eat are mayflies.) ）
Yu Shun, filial piety and filial piety but not love, Bigan and Zixu are loyal and do not need it, Zhong Ni and Yan Yuan know and are poor in the world. If you are forced to rob a tyrannical country and have nothing to do, you will worship its goodness, promote its beauty, and speak of its strengths, rather than its shortcomings.
(Yu Shun, filial piety, filial piety to parents but parents do not love them, Bigan, Zixu, loyal to the monarch but the monarch does not appoint them, Confucius, Yan Yuan, wise and wise but poor and embarrassed in society.) To be forced to live in a country ruled by a tyrant and to have no way to avoid it is to exalt the good virtues of the country, to promote the good name of the country, to praise the virtues of the country and not to the shortcomings of the country. ）
But those who die are slandered, those who are rich and poor, and those who are clear and turbid have their mouths.
(The reason for his recklessness is that he often slanders others; the knowledge of his poor situation is due to his frequent slander of others; the more he tries to clarify his reputation, the more his reputation becomes more and more cloudy because he often uses his tongue.) ）
A gentleman can be valuable, but cannot make others valuable, and can be usable, but cannot make others use himself.
(A gentleman can make himself virtuous, but he cannot guarantee that others will respect him; he can make himself a useful talent, but he cannot guarantee that others will appoint him.) ）
The oath is not as good as the five emperors, the alliance curse is not as good as the three kings, and the proton is not as good as the five uncles.
(The orders and oaths issued downwards do not date back to the Five Emperors; the oath of alliance between the two countries does not date back to the Three Kings; the sovereigns exchange their sons as hostages to each other, and do not go back to the Five Tyrants.) ）