The beginning of "Zidao" is to talk about filial piety, so it is called Zidao. This article also records other sayings of Confucius and his disciples.
Filial piety and brotherhood, people's small lines. From the top to the bottom, the people are also good; from the way not to the king, from the righteousness not from the father, from the great deeds of the people. If the husband is determined to be polite and peaceful, and his words are like envoys, then Confucianism and Taoism are complete.
Although Yao Shun can't add the slightest bit to it. There are three kinds of filial piety that do not obey the fate: obey the fate of the pro-danger, do not obey the fate of the pro-peace, filial piety does not obey the fate is sincere, obey the fate of the humiliation, do not obey the fate of the honor, filial son does not obey the fate of the righteousness, obey the fate of the beast, do not obey the fate of the modification, filial piety does not obey the fate of the respect. Therefore, if you can obey orders and do not obey them, you will not be able to obey them, and if you are not able to obey them, you will not be sincere, and you will be able to be respectful, faithful, dignified, and prudent.
It is said: "Do not obey the king, and do not obey the father." That's right. Therefore, if you can work hard and carve without losing your respect, if you can do disasters and tribulations without losing your righteousness, then you will unfortunately not see evil without losing your love, and you will not be able to do it if you are not benevolent.
The poem says: "Filial piety is not scarce." That's right.
Translations:
Honoring one's parents at home and respecting one's brother when going out is the minimum moral conduct of a human being; obedience to one's superiors and kindness to one's subordinates is the middle moral conduct of a human being; obedience to the right path rather than obedience to the monarch and obedience to morality rather than obedience to one's father -- this is the highest criterion for being a human being. If you can arrange your aspirations according to etiquette and righteousness, and guide your speech according to the law, then the Confucian way will be complete, and even a virtuous monarch like Yao Shun will not be able to gain the slightest in this.
There are three reasons why a filial son does not obey an order: if he obeys an order, his parents will be in danger; if he does not obey an order, his parents will be safe, then if he does not obey an order, he will be loyal; if he obeys an order, his parents will be disgraced, and if he does not obey an order, his parents will be honored, so that a filial son who does not obey an order will pursue morality; if he obeys an order, he will make his parents' behavior as barbaric as a beast, and if he does not obey an order, he will make his parents' behavior rich in cultivation and upright, and then a filial son who does not obey an order is respectful.
Therefore, it is not the way of filial piety to obey but not obey, and it is disloyal to one's parents if one cannot obey and obey. If you understand the principle of obedience or disobedience, and can be respectful, loyal and trustworthy, honest and honest to prudence, you can call it great filial piety. It is said in an ancient book: "Obey the right way instead of the king, obey morality rather than the father." That's what I'm talking about.
Therefore, even if you are tired and haggard, you cannot lose your respect for your parents, you cannot lose your morality to your parents when you are in calamity, and even if you are unfortunately hated by your parents because of discord with your parents, you can still not lose your love for your parents.
The Book of Songs says: "The filial piety of a filial son is endless." That's what I'm talking about.
Lu Aigong asked Confucius: "The son obeys the father's order, filial piety, and the minister obeys the king's order, chastity?"
Confucius tended to pay tribute in words: "Countryman, the king asked Qiu Ye, saying: 'The son obeys the father's order, filial piety, and the minister obeys the king's order, chastity?'
The three questions are not right, why do you give it?" Zigong said: "The son obeys the father's order and is filial." The subordinates obey the king's orders, and they are chaste, and the master has a taunt to deal with?"
Confucius said: "O villain! If there are four contending ministers in the country of ten thousand times in the past, the territory will not be cut; in the country of a thousand multipliers, if there are three contending ministers, the society will not be in danger; and in the house of one hundred multipliers, if there are two contending ministers, the temple will not be destroyed." The father is not rude when he fights with his son, and the soldier is not unrighteous when he fights with his friends.
Therefore, the son follows the father, the son is filial piety, the minister obeys the king, and the minister is chaste. ”
Translations:
Lu Aigong asked Confucius: "Is a son's obedience to his father's orders filial piety, and is a courtier's obedience to the king's orders loyal?"
Confucius walked out in small steps and told Zigong about this: "Just now, the king asked me, and said, 'Is a son's obedience to his father's orders filial piety?' What can the gentleman say to him?"
Confucius said: "What a villain, don't you understand! In the past, a large country with 10,000 military chariots had only four ministers who dared to admonish, and its borders would not be cut; a small country with 1,000 military chariots had three ministers who dared to admonish, then the state power would not be in danger; and the family of a doctor with 100 military chariots and two ministers who dared to admonish, then the temple would not be destroyed. When a father has a son who admonishes, he will not do anything that is not in accordance with the rules of etiquette, and if a scholar has a friend who has a friend who admonishes, he will not do anything that is immoral. Therefore, if a son blindly obeys his father, how can he say that the son is filial? If a courtier blindly obeys the monarch, how can he say that the courtier is loyal? Only when he has figured out what obedience is can he be called filial piety and loyalty. ”
Zilu asked Confucius and said: "There are people here, who sleep at night, cultivate arboriculture, and callouse their hands and feet to support their relatives, but there is no name of filial piety, why not?"
Confucius said: "Those who are disrespectful and disrespectful, and those who are not in good spirits and those who are not in good shape have a saying: 'Clothes are not with women.' 'Sleeping at night, cultivating arboriculture, callousing hands and feet, in order to support their relatives, without these three, what is the name of filial piety?
Confucius said: "From Zhizhi, I am a woman." Although he has the strength of a countryman, he cannot lift himself. It's powerless, it's overwhelming. Therefore, if you enter and do not cultivate, you will also be guilty of sin; Out of order and out of order, friends are also wrong. Therefore, if a gentleman enters, he will do it, and if he goes out, he will be virtuous, what is the name of filial piety!"
Translations:
Zilu asked Confucius: "There is a man here who gets up early and goes to bed late, ploughs the land, hoes and plants and sows, and has calluses on his hands and feet, so as to support his parents, but he does not have a reputation for filial piety, why?"
Confucius said: "I think it is probably because he behaves disrespectfully! Maybe he is not modest in speaking! Maybe his face is not meek! There is a saying in ancient times: 'Give me clothes and food, if you are not respectful, you will not rely on you.'" ’”
Zi Lu said: "Now some people do not behave disrespectfully, speak modestly, and have an undocile face, so why do they not have a reputation for filial piety?
Confucius said, "Remember, Zhongyou! I'll tell you." Even with the strength of the nationally famous Hercules, he could not lift his body on his own, not because he did not have the strength, but because the objective situation did not allow it. Therefore, it is the sin of a gentleman to behave in a disorderly manner at home, and it is the sin of a friend to not make a name for himself abroad. Therefore, a gentleman makes his conduct loyal and kind at home, and makes friends with virtuous people when he goes out. If you can do this, how can you not have a reputation for filial piety?"
Zilu asked Confucius: "Doctor Lu practiced and went to bed, etiquette and evil?"
Confucius said, "I don't know." Zilu came out, and Zigong said: "I thought that the master knew everything, and the master knew nothing." ”
Zigong said: "Why do you ask?" Zi Lu said: "You asked: 'Doctor Lu practiced and went to bed, etiquette and evil?'
The Master said, 'I don't know. Zigong said, "I will ask for the woman." Zigong asked: "Practice and bed, etiquette and evil?"
Confucius said, "Incivility." Zigong came out, and Zilu said: "The woman is the master, and the master knows everything." The woman asked. Li: Ju is not his doctor. ”
Translations:
Zilu asked Confucius, "Is it proper for the doctor of the state of Lu to sleep in bed while wearing a white silk for the anniversary sacrifice of his parents?" Confucius said, "I don't know." ”
After Zilu came out, he said to Zigong: "I thought that Mr. didn't know anything, but Mr. didn't know." Zigong said, "What did you ask?" Zilu said, "I asked, 'Is it proper for the doctor of Lu to sleep on his bed while wearing a white silk for his parents' anniversary?' Zigong said, "I will ask you about it." ”
Zigong asked Confucius, "Is it proper to wear a white silk to sleep on a bed while performing the anniversary sacrifice for your parents?" Confucius said, "It is not etiquette." ”
Zigong came out and said to Zilu: "Do you say that there is something that Mr. does not know? You're not asking the right question. According to the etiquette system, if you live in this city, you will not criticize the doctor who rules the city. ”
Zilu dressed up and saw Confucius, and Confucius said: "From, is it a suit? In the past, the river came out of Minshan, and its origin can be indiscriminate, and its source can be indiscriminate, and it can not be involved in the river without boating or sheltering from the wind." How evil is the non-dimensional flowing water? Today's women's clothes are both prosperous, the color is full, and the world is willing to advise women!
Confucius said: "From the Zhizhi! I say Ru: Those who are hard to speak are Chinese, those who are hard to do are fell, those who know and are capable, and villains are also." Therefore, a gentleman who knows knows what he knows, who does not know what he does not know, who must say what he says, who can say what he can, who cannot say that he cannot, and who can do it. If you want to talk, you will know, and if you do it, you will be benevolent, and if you are benevolent, you will know that your husband is evil!"
Translations:
Zilu dressed up and went to see Confucius, and Confucius said: "Zhongyou, why are you so well-dressed? In the past, when the Yangtze River originated in Minshan, and when it began to flow out, the source was so small that you could only float a wine glass, and when it flowed to the ferry of the Yangtze River, if you didn't put the boats together and avoid the strong winds, you couldn't cross it, isn't it because of the big water downstream? Now that you are dressed in solemn clothes, and your face is full of spirit, then who in the world will persuade you?"
Zilu walked out quickly, changed his clothes and went in again, looking soothing and supple. Confucius said, "Remember! I tell you." People who are arrogant in their words tend to be boastful, and those who are arrogant in action are always showing off themselves. A person who shows himself to have knowledge and talent in every way is a villain.
Therefore, if a gentleman knows, he will say that he knows, and if he does not know, he will say that he does not know, and this is the essence of speaking; if he can do it, he will say that he can do it, and if he cannot do it, he will say that he cannot do it, and this is the highest criterion of action.
Speaking wisely is wise, and acting in accordance with the standard is benevolence. If you are wise and virtuous, where is there any deficiency?"
Zilu entered, and Zi said: "What is the one who knows, what is the benevolent one?"
Zilu said: "Those who know make others know themselves, and benevolent people make people love themselves." Zi said: "It can be described as a gentleman." ”
Zigong entered, and Zi said: "What is the one who knows, and what is the benevolent?" Zigong said: "Those who know know people, and those who are benevolent love people." Zi said: "It can be described as a gentleman." ”
Yan Yuan entered, Zi said: "Return! What is the one who knows, what is the benevolent?" Yan Yuan said: "Those who know know themselves, and those who are benevolent love themselves." Zi said: "It can be described as a gentleman. ”
Translations:
The sub-road comes in. Confucius said, "What is a wise man? What is a virtuous man?" Zilu replied, "A wise man can make others understand himself, and a virtuous man can make others love him." Confucius said, "You can be called a scholar." ”
Zigong came in. Confucius said, "What is a wise man? What is a virtuous man?" Zigong replied, "A wise man can understand others, and a virtuous man can love others." Confucius said, "You can be called a scholar." ”
Yan Yuan came in. Confucius said, "What is a wise person?" What is a virtuous person?" Yan Yuan replied: "A wise person has self-knowledge, and a virtuous person can respect and love himself." Confucius said, "You can be called a wise gentleman." ”
Zilu asked Confucius, "Gentlemen are also worried?"
Confucius said: "If a gentleman has not obtained it, he will be happy with it, and he will be happy with it if he has obtained it." It is to have a lifetime of joy and no worries for a day. If the villain has not obtained it, he will not be worried; I have gained it, but I am afraid of losing it. It is to have lifelong worries and no day's happiness. ”
Translations:
Zilu asked Confucius, "Does a gentleman have any worries?" Confucius said: "A gentleman, when he has not yet obtained a position, will be happy that he has cultivated himself, and after he has obtained a position, he will be happy that he has done something."
Therefore, a gentleman has a lifetime of happiness without a day of worry. The villain, when he has not yet obtained the position, he is worried that he will not be able to get it, and after he has already obtained the position, he is afraid of losing it. Therefore, the villain has a lifetime of worries and not a day of joy. ”