In Chinese painting, there is a close correlation between opening and closing, from the overall composition to the small branch and leaf, and the mutual care between the starting hands and hair germination all belong to the category of opening and closing. The opening and closing echo described in the form of the previous article is the large opening and closing of "a piece", and the opening and closing mentioned here is the small opening and closing of the "division of a section" related to the dragon vein, and the small opening and closing focuses on the placement of Chen Bushi, although the two are two together, but they can not be mixed up, in addition, they should be discussed separately, and they should not be paranoid at one end. Wang Yuanqi of the Qing Dynasty once said in "Rain Window Manbi": "As long as you know that there is an opening and closing, and you don't pay attention to the dragon vein, you are taking care of your son and losing your daughter, so you need to take care of both at the same time. "If there is no big opening and closing in Chinese painting composition, the composition will have no momentum at all, and it will be difficult to form momentum. If the dragon vein is determined, the specific object still needs to be arranged, so Wang Yuanqi continued: "And the whole width is open and closed, and the shares are still opened and closed, especially in the connection between the reticulation of the band, make up for its shortcomings, so that the dragon vein is positive, oblique, muddy, broken, hidden, present, interrupted, continuous, lively in it, it is a real painting, if you can understand it thoroughly, then the small pieces accumulate into large pieces, how can you not approach the wonderful world?"
The specific arrangement of the small opening cooperation and the object image should be formed in the established trend of the qi veins of the large opening and closing, opening and closing the upper and lower, opening and closing the lower and closing the lower, opening and closing the left and closing in a staggered manner, so as to constitute a change. One large and one small, one light and one heavy, one long and one short, one high and one low, one vertical and one horizontal all belong to the scope of opening and closing, and the front opening and closing and the opening and closing of the front and back opening and closing are the relationship between the structure or the superposition.
There are different shades and shades, as well as different colors and inks, and they are one of the main means to form the relationship between the two dimensions of Chinese painting and create hierarchical changes. However, superimposition is not just a simple difference between light and heavy and ink and color, its specific implementation is to be combined in the principle of opening and closing, it cannot exist separately from the law, only the two you have me, I have you, can make many objects and images use each other, orderly and orderly. Therefore, there is always a certain law to follow in this world, but this law cannot be broken, and once it is destroyed, it will not be systematic.
The specific arrangement of the echo of opening and closing and the specific arrangement of the superposition is to conform to the artistic law of the structural beauty of Chinese painting, so as to break the parallel, sparse and dense, three-line crossing, and the women's crossing is the most appropriate. When a variety of linear structural forms are combined, the so-called taboo in the structure of Chinese painting must not appear: the phenomenon of breaking the character "rice" must not occur, which is something that should be particularly emphasized and paid attention to.
Opening and closing and stacking are also a kind of echoing relationship, since there are before and after taking care of each other, and there are guests to give way, and they are integrated. The strength and weakness of the shade, and the momentum to the back are all in line with the momentum of the dragon vein, which is the way to open and close the change.
However, the opening and closing echo is used to take advantage of the momentum, which is the overall movement tendency of the picture composition. Open is open, he is the beginning of the composition of the ink, close is closed, is the mutual care with the open. Dong Qichang said in "Essays on Painting Zen Room": "Separation and combination is a large character outline, there is a pair, there is a paragraph, and it is clear that the painting is more than halfway." "The opening and closing have a primary and secondary, the primary and secondary are distinct, the opening and closing are neat and not chaotic, the primary and secondary are appropriate, and the secondary auxiliary subject makes the opening and closing complement each other.
The lifting and turning is the specific application of opening and closing. It is the steps and ways of composition of Chinese painting. It is the beginning of the layout, the inheritance is born with the trend, and it plays the role of continuation and transition, and the turn is the turning point of the potential, and the main potential forms contradictions and conflicts, and the changes are thousands of but do not hurt the main potential, and the combination is the peak back to the potential to gather and achieve balance. It starts from turning to take advantage of the situation and creating risks, and combining is to break the risks for the sake of balance. Seeking momentum in danger, creating danger in the situation, breaking the balance with imbalance, and seeking balance in imbalance is the reason for taking advantage.
Cross-stacking is like the intersection of branches and leaves, such as the intersection of orchid leaves, it is better to consciously form unequal triangles, rather than forming equilateral triangles or geometric bodies. I have painted plum blossoms in ancient times on the "female" glyph, the so-called no woman does not become a plum, painting orchids require broken phoenix eyes, it is this reason that there are overlapping edges in the picture to form a layer, forming a relationship between hiding and dew, and there is a subtle and elegant beauty.
There is a priority for opening and closing, but there is no fixed law. The opening and closing can be static in the movement, the movement in the stillness, the static set off the static, the static set off the movement, the most important thing is that since it is independent and conforms to the law, it can be changed by the law. Therefore, this opening and closing is all about the painter's ability to do whatever he wants after he has a good insight into the law, but he does not lose the law, and at the same time, the opening and closing is also expensive to take advantage of. If there is potential, the opening and closing not only has a vein, but also a direction, and at the same time broadens the visual tension. The big opening and closing, magnificent; The great gathering and dispersion are far, and the flying is far away, but the ever-changing will eventually return to unity. This is not only the norm of taking the momentum and the layout, but also the depth of the grasp of the theory of the chapter, which is also in it.