What kind of official position was the "Minister of the Guard" in the Qing Dynasty? It was by no means a guard with a knife in the Qing court drama

The following article comes from the history school, the author Wang Jinbai

Author: Wang Jinbai Editor: Lilith

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When the feudal society on the mainland entered the period of the Qing Dynasty, the entire feudal bureaucratic system was already quite perfect, and the Qing Dynasty only needed to copy it. But everything is different, as we all know, the Qing Dynasty is a dynasty established by ethnic minorities, so this dynasty has many differences in addition to following the previous dynasty.

As far as official positions are concerned, there are many that are unique to the Qing Dynasty, and one of them is very different, even maverick, and this official position is "Minister of the Guard".

Above_ The Qing Dynasty emperor and hundreds of officials

Originally, the responsibilities were important and the rank was the highest

As the name suggests, this official position is to manage the guards, but there is also a word "inside", which refers to the palace, so the main duty of this official position is to be responsible for managing the emperor's guards and bear the responsibility for the emperor's safety. Since it is a matter of the emperor's safety, the importance of this official position is naturally self-evident. However, all dynasties and dynasties have been responsible for guarding the forbidden palace and protecting the emperor's safety, so why are the ministers of the guards unique?

There are many positions responsible for the emperor's security, but the official rank can be the best

寥寥，

This chief guard minister is the real highest-ranking "Zhengyi" official, which is a military position, and his position rank is higher than that of the local town guard generals and local commanders. Moreover, in the Qing Dynasty, all official positions involved the word "guard", and only this position was the first rank. Therefore, in some Qing court dramas, those young and handsome protagonists report their homes and "first-class guards with knives", etc., all of which are apocryphal, and the author here piggybacks on the explanation to avoid being confused by them.

Above_ Guards with knives in the late Qing Dynasty

Honor is greater than duty

Originally, the Minister of the Guards was based on the "Three Banners" of the Eight Banners of Manchuria (i.e., the Yellow Flag, the Yellow Flag and the White Flag), and his duty was to manage the guards within the banner. However, with the consolidation of the Qing Dynasty's rule, the emperor's personal security has shifted from the outside to the inside.

In other words, the threat of external enemies no longer existed, and the only danger that could harm the emperor's life mostly came from within the imperial court.

Under such circumstances, it is impossible for the emperor to entrust his personal safety to one person or a few people, so the original duty of leading the minister of the guard is actually in name only. Although the Minister of the Guards nominally had the responsibility to manage and dispatch the Praetorian Guards (i.e., guards with swords, etc.), in fact, no one could move the Praetorian Guards without an order from the emperor. Of course, there are still ministers of the guard who are responsible for the administration of the Praetorian Guard, but it is mostly a daily matter.

In fact, the honor of the post of Minister of the Interior is far greater than its own duties. Those who can be honored with this position are the absolute henchmen of the emperor. Gradually, the honorary title of the Minister of the Guards evolved into a signal to the outside world, which was equivalent to telling the Manchu Dynasty that the people in this position were close ministers of the emperor and could speak in front of the emperor. Therefore, the person who can be appointed to this position is often only concurrent, so the power outside the post of the Minister of the Interior is the core political capital of the guard.

Above_ Qing Dynasty Wang Hui "Kangxi Southern Tour"

The incumbent must be upright and well-established

Since the Minister of the Interior has become an "honorary" position, there is no longer a need for permanent office, and the incumbents are all confidants of the emperor's close ministers

, so the emperor was particularly stingy when appointing this position. The figures who can be honored for this position are either Manchurian relatives or royal relatives, and many of them are figures who are in power and in the opposition.

The author lists a few to see how "red" those "ministers of the guard" are, and you can also appreciate different emperors, different periods, and different employment styles.

During the Kangxi Dynasty, the honorable ministers of the guards were Suo Etu and Mingzhu. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, due to the internal power struggle of the Qing court and the fact that some parts of the country were still in a state of dispute, it was difficult for the emperor to monopolize power in this unstable situation, and one of the reasons was the division of military power. And because of the previous examples of power struggles between Dolgon and other clans, so power would be delegated to the hands of individual Manchurian nobles and powerful ministers, and Aobai did it in this context that one hand covered the sky.

Don't think that after Aobai was captured, this "minister" phenomenon disappeared, Suo Etu is the new star after Aobai, of course, Suo Etu and Aobai are not the same. In order to balance the relationship, Emperor Kangxi had to reuse another person, that is, Nalan Mingzhu, which was the dispute between the two phases of the Kangxi Dynasty "Suo Ming". However, Emperor Kangxi was not incapacitated, and in the end, Suo Etu and Mingzhu were defeated in turn because of "forming a party for personal gain", especially Suo Etu, not only did not die well, but also became a chaotic minister and thief, which is really "smart but mistaken by cleverness".

Above_ Soetu (1636-1703), Hesheri

In the Yongzheng Dynasty, the problem of friends was well controlled, and the Qing Dynasty entered a rare period of economic construction in the feudal society on the mainland, so the ministers of the Yongzheng Dynasty were all close to the emperor. The people who have been honored with this position are, Prince Yi Yinxiang, the hardcore brother of Emperor Yongzheng, and Ortai, the number one contributor to "changing the land and returning to the stream".

Needless to say, in the early days of the crisis-ridden Yongzheng Dynasty, Yinxiang played an indispensable role in stabilizing the situation, and at the same time he was the absolute supporter and vanguard of the Yongzheng Emperor's commitment to reform, but unfortunately died young.

And Ortai is definitely a capable minister who was single-handedly picked up by Emperor Yongzheng. "Changing the land and returning to the stream" is logical in the eyes of our descendants, but at that time, it was definitely a hot potato drudgery, and if it was not done, it would be ruined or even killed. However, Ortai was in the position of the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, the lowest-ranking position of possible local governors, and brilliantly fulfilled the important task that Emperor Yongzheng had high hopes for. Emperor Yongzheng's use and even reuse of Ortai is definitely a good story of "Bole and Maxima" in the Qing Dynasty.

Above_ Ortai (1677-1745), Xilin Jueluo, Ziyi Nunnery, Manchuria inlaid with blue flags

In the Qianlong Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty really reached a peaceful and prosperous era, and the Qianlong Emperor truly achieved the monopoly of power and the dictatorship of cadres. When he was young, Emperor Qianlong had a wise mind, but as he grew older and his merits climbed, when personal emotional preferences and rational games were played, the former often had the upper hand, so many of the ministers of the Qianlong Dynasty had more "relationship" factors in addition to their outstanding achievements. For example, Zhaohui, A Gui, Fukangan and others basically relied on military merits to serve in this position, while Fu Heng and He Shen have a lot of water.

Especially this He Shen, although Lord He is indeed outstanding, but his martial arts are not outstanding, so he can become the Minister of the Guard, for one reason, that is, the emperor's absolute favorite.

Above_ He Shen (1750-1799), Niu Hulu, formerly known as Shanbao, the word Zhizhai

In the future, the relatively well-known minister of the guard was Su Shun of the Xianfeng Dynasty. During the Xianfeng period, the Qing Dynasty had already turned from prosperity to decline, and even the rivers were declining. After this young "hard-working son" inherited the unification, he did not discourage the meaning of "breaking the jar and breaking it", but rectified the dynasty and tried to turn things around.

Su Shun's bold and daring style became the vanguard of Emperor Xianfeng's rectification movement, and Su Shun became a hot figure because of this. In the ninth year of Xianfeng, Su Shunrong served as the Minister of the Guard, integrating glory and reaching the peak of power. At this time, Su Shun was still sharp, which laid the groundwork for the tragic ending of his head in a different place in the future. Poor Su Shunkong has the heart to serve the country, how can he not understand politics, let alone the sinister hearts of people?

Throughout the Qing Dynasty, although there are individual people who are not worthy of the position, but on the whole, this team is still dominated by loyal and patriotic figures, among which there are really many people worthy of praise.

Resources:

[1] "Qing Historical Manuscript" Zhao Erxun

[2] "Modern Chinese History" Chen Gonglu

[3] "Son of Bitter Destiny" Mao Jianhai

The text was created by the History University Hall team, and the pictures came from the Internet, and the copyright belongs to the original author

(This article only represents the author's point of view and does not represent the position of this number)

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#121212}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc)body:not(.pages_skin_pc){background:var(--weui-BG-2)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root[data-weui-mode=care]:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body[data-weui-mode=care]:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .. 85);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .65);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .55);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .35);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-FIRE: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6); --weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .) 1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;;--weui-FIRE: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .. 6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, 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#10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1485ee;--weui-PURPLE: #6467f0;--weui-WHITE: #fff;--weui-LINK: #576b95;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #06ae56;--weui-FG: #000;--weui-BG: #fff;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: #fa9d3b;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: #06ae56;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);-- weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .. 05)}body,.wx-root{--weui-BG-0: #ededed;--weui-BG-1: #f7f7f7;--weui-BG-2: #fff;--weui-BG-3: #f7f7f7;--weui-BG-4: #4c4c4c;--weui-BG-5: #fff;--weui-FG-0: rgba(0, 0, 0, .9);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(0, 0, 0, .9);--weui-FG-1: rgba(0, 0, 0, .55);--weui-FG-2: rgba(0, 0, 0, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(0, 0, 0, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #fa9d3b;--weui-YELLOW: #ffc300;--weui-GREEN: #91d300;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #95ec69;--weui-FIRE: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1485ee;--weui-PURPLE: #6467f0;--weui-WHITE: #fff;--weui-LINK: #576b95;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #06ae56;--weui-FG: #000;--weui-BG: #fff;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, .1);-- weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: #fa9d3b;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: #06ae56;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BTN-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BTN-DEFAULT-ACTIVE-BG: #e6e6e6}.wx-root,body{-- weui-DIALOG-LINE-COLOR: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BG-COLOR-ACTIVE: 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#373737}}@media(prefers-color-scheme::dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-6: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-REDORANGE: #ff6146;--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;-- weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .. 8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-FIRE: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: 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rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme: dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){-appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}.rich_media_content p{clear:both; min-height:1em}td p{margin:0; padding:0}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]) .rich_media_content img:not(.wx_img_placeholder){filter:brightness(.8)}}*{{margin:0; padding:0}.rich_media_content *{max-width:100%!important; box-sizing:border-box!important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box!important; word-wrap:break-word!important}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-weight:400; font-size:16px}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) :root{--appmsgPageGap: 20px;--appmsgPageBottomGap: 40px}}:root{--articleFontsize: 17px}:root{--sab: env(safe-area-input-bottom)}:root{--wxBorderAvatarRatio: 3}:root{--discussPageGap: 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