With the rapid development of the economy and the increasing improvement of people's living standards, large-scale intensive breeding has become a trend in the development of livestock and poultry breeding industry. However, the manure and urine discharged from large-scale livestock and poultry farms and the harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide produced are not conducive to the normal growth and production performance of livestock and poultry, and also pose a certain threat to the living environment and even the health of the staff and surrounding residents, and also affect the sustainable development of livestock and poultry breeding. Therefore, it is very important to do a good job in monitoring the gas environment of the farm.
Toxic and harmful gases are common in farms
Toxic and harmful gases in farms refer to some toxic or odorous mixed gases produced by the manure of livestock and poultry or the waste discharged from the processing of livestock and poultry products in the process of animal husbandry production. There are many components of these harmful gases, mainly ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, skatin, and mercaptans.
Ammonia (NH3)
In livestock and poultry houses, ammonia is mainly derived from various nitrogen-containing compounds, which are mainly produced by bacteria and enzymes to break down manure, bedding and feed residues.
Ammonia gas is highly volatile and irritates the mucous membranes of the eyes and upper respiratory tract. Entering the bloodstream can bind hemoglobin to cause tissue hypoxia, cause ammonia poisoning in livestock and poultry when the concentration is high, and even cause paralysis of the respiratory central nervous system of livestock and poultry and death.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
In livestock and poultry houses, hydrogen sulfide mainly comes from fresh manure and anaerobic degradation of sulfur-containing organic matter. Livestock and poultry consume high-protein diets and produce more hydrogen sulfide when they have indigestion.
Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless, volatile, rotten egg-smelling harmful gas, a strong neurotoxin, and a strong irritant effect on mucous membranes. Low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide have effects on the eyes, respiratory system and central nervous system.
Mercaptans
Mercaptans are a group of organic compounds that are structurally similar to alcohols and have a very strong foul odor. The lower alcohols have a strong and disgusting odor, especially the odor of ethyl mercaptan.
Mercaptans act mainly on the central nervous system. Inhalation of vapors at low concentrations can cause headache and nausea, and high concentrations can cause respiratory paralysis and death. Poisoned patients may vomit, diarrhea, protein, casts, and hematuria in the urine.
Sakinin
Skatosin, also known as methylindole, has a strong odor and is produced by microorganisms fermenting undigested tryptophan in feed.
Skin can cause acute pulmonary edema and emphysema in cattle and sheep, bringing huge losses to breeding.
The impact of toxic and harmful gases on livestock and poultry
Effect on pigs
1. Increase the probability of respiratory diseases;
2. Increase the instability factors of other diseases secondary to pig farms;
3. It increases the time cost and economic cost of the pig farm.
Effect on chickens
Ammonia: Causes tearing, respiratory tract inflammation, sneezing, slows down growth, decreases egg laying rate, and reduces disease resistance. It can cause a large number of chick deaths.
Hydrogen sulfide: can cause keratitis, and in severe cases, it will cause paralysis of the respiratory center of chickens and death. Long-term poisoning at low concentrations can reduce the physical fitness of chickens and reduce their ability to resist diseases.
Carbon monoxide: It is easy to combine with hemoglobin in the blood and is not easy to separate, so that hemoglobin loses its oxygen-carrying capacity, resulting in hypoxia and poisoning of the body.
Carbon dioxide: Too high a concentration can cause a low oxygen concentration in the house.
Impact on cattle
1. Harmful gases can lead to a decrease in cattle production performance, reduced immunity, and induce respiratory diseases.
2. The concentration of harmful gases in the cowhouse directly affects the lactation performance of dairy cows, and also poses a threat to the health of the staff in the farm.
3. In the closed barn with roller shutters, the concentration of ammonia and carbon dioxide in the barn increases significantly in winter due to the closing of the roller shutters.
4. Closed cowshed is a type of cowshed that is used in beef cattle breeding in cold areas. In winter, the ventilation of the livestock house is poor, which is easy to induce respiratory tract, skin and other diseases of beef cattle, and reduce the feed conversion rate of beef cattle.
Environmental safety solutions for toxic and harmful gases in the aquaculture industry
Farmers can install intelligent detection instruments such as ammonia detectors, hydrogen sulfide detectors, carbon monoxide detectors, and carbon dioxide detectors in farms or manure tanks to monitor the concentration of toxic and harmful gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in the field in real time. When the gas leakage concentration reaches or exceeds the preset value, the controller will send out an audible and visual alarm signal, and control the action of driving exhaust air or other peripheral equipment to effectively prevent the occurrence of disasters. The company provides ammonia sensors, hydrogen sulfide sensors, carbon monoxide sensors, and carbon dioxide sensors in the detector, please consult the technical engineer of the network.