In June 1957, Mao Zedong commented on Liu Bang and said: "Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, is stronger than Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu. ”
During the Great Uprising at the end of the Qin Dynasty, there were tens of thousands of rebel armies in the world, most of which were wiped out, and the final winner was only Liu Bang.
From a cloth cloth to the founder of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang has many reasons for his success, among which the relationship with his employment is very close, and his way of employing people has become a research model for modern enterprise management.
In a speech, Wang Liqun, the chief speaker of the Hundred Schools Forum, summed up Liu Bang's way of employing people as "five ones": a good pair of eyes, a good pair of ears, a good mind, a good team, and a good attitude.
The following is a condensed version of this speech, most of which are very inspiring historical stories. Read it carefully, I hope it will inspire you to start a business and manage it.
(This article is based on Professor Wang Liqun's lecture in Portugal "The Way of Success of Han Gaozu Liu Bang")
Narrator: Wang Liqun Editor: Eleventh Source: Network Image: Tianjin Satellite TV's official Weibo
First, the wisdom of knowing people is the basis of employing people
In the twelfth year of Gaozu, Liu Bang fell ill after quelling the Yingbu rebellion, and his wife Empress Lu invited the doctor, but Liu Bang scolded the doctor and drove him away. He felt that life and death were fateful, and he could not be cured.
Lu Hou asked Liu Bang 3 questions. The first question is, if you are gone, Xiao Xiangguo and Xiao He pass away, who can succeed you? Liu Bang replied: "Cao Shen."
Empress Lu continued to ask, after Cao Xiangguo, who should I use?
Liu Bang replied: "Wang Ling can, but he is too straight, and he can use Chen Ping as an assistant." But Chen Ping is resourceful and cannot be the prime minister alone. There is also a Zhou Bo, who is thick and young, and can be a lieutenant."
The first generation of Xiao He, the second generation of Cao Shen, the third generation of Wang Ling, Chen Ping, Zhou Bo. You see, before Liu Bang died, he had designated several generations of leadership cores.
Empress Lu asked a third question, who should succeed Wang Ling after the death of Wang Lingwang Xiangguo?
Liu Bang said: "At that time, you don't have to worry about that."
Sure enough, Wang Ling died, Chen Ping did not die, but Empress Lu died, and she didn't need to worry about the rest of the matter. Liu Bang expected that at that time, Empress Lu would no longer be in charge.
Lu Housan's question shows her wisdom and ability as a female politician. Because 15 years after Liu Bang's death, the actual person in power was the Iron Lady Empress Lu, and she was most concerned about who could be the Xiangguo of this empire, because the power of Xiangguo was great during the Qin and Han dynasties.
So she didn't ask anything, only asked about the candidate for Xiangguo, not Liu Bang where your small treasury is and how much money you have. This shows Lv Hou's extraordinary political ability, and he asks about national affairs.
Liu Bangsan's answer was also terrible. Empress Lu faithfully carried out Liu Bang's instructions, and the three prime ministers of the Han Empire were Xiao He, Cao Shen, Wang Ling and others, and the candidates for these three teams can be said to be very appropriate. What does this mean, Liu Bang has the wisdom to know people. An emperor can see the core of three generations of leadership, which is hardly the second in Chinese history.
It is precisely because Liu Bang has the wisdom to know people that Liu Bang uses people very appropriately.
Second, Liu Bang's first secret for employing people: a good pair of eyes
Eyes are used to see the world, Liu Bang's eyes have many uses, and a very important point is to see people and use people. In order to tell him about his employment, I also have to tell stories, and today this is the story meeting.
Let's talk about two little people first, when reading "Historical Records", if you are negligent, these two little people may not notice.
The first character is called Ding Gong. Ding Gong was a general under Xiang Yu, and he dealt with Liu Bang twice.
In that battle between Xiang Yu and Liu Bang, Liu Bang's army lost most of it, so he fled in embarrassment, and the person who pursued him was Ding Gong.
In the end, Liu Bang and his sons and daughters and other 4 people were surrounded by thousands of people led by Ding Gong, and it stands to reason that Liu Bang was finished at this time. But Liu Bang said some rhetoric, and Ding Gong's brain was also "short-circuited", and he actually released Liu Bang and the four of them.
Liu Bang can be called an escape from death, and Ding Gong can also be regarded as the life-saving benefactor of Liu Bang and his children.
When Xiang Yu Wujiang killed himself, all the generals under him ran away, and only this Ding Gong felt that he was kind to Liu Bang and ran to see him in person. As a result, Liu Bang took Ding's announcement and admonished the ministers of the entire court: This is Duke Ding, it is him, which led to the defeat of his master Xiang Yu in the end, and he was pushed out and beheaded.
Why did Liu Bang kill Ding Gong? That was the life-saving benefactor of him and his children. You can do it for other officials, or you may not give it, but at least you can't kill people.
I have an explanation, because Liu Bang, as the chairman of the group, spent 7 years to make the company bigger and stronger, and finally became the biggest boss in the country, which is the richest man in the first place.
After he became the boss, he should advocate a corporate culture within the enterprise group, called loyalty.
If he accepts Ding Gong today, it is equivalent to telling his subordinates that they can be disloyal to the boss, or even betrayal. He killed Ding Gong to tell his ministers, you should pay attention to no one can betray the Son of Heaven, otherwise Ding Gong will be a lesson from the past.
This is the first story, and we'll tell another story. This character is called Hou Gong, because of the battle of Pengcheng mentioned above, although Liu Bang escaped with his own children, his father, wife, younger brother, and eldest son Liu Fei were all held hostage by Xiang Yu, and one detention was two years and four months.
After 28 months of not letting people go, Liu Bang sent a lot of people to lobby, and he had two top lobbyists under him, one named Li Shiqi and the other Lu Jia, both of whom were famous diplomats. They went to lobby Xiang Yu to release them, but Xiang Yu did not let them go.
This Hou Gong said I'll go. What Hou Gong said to Xiang Yu, Sima Qian didn't write it, only said that as soon as Hou Gong went, Xiang Yu put back the hostages who had been detained for 28 months. This shows that Hou Gong's mouth is too powerful. He is the second benefactor of Liu Bang's family.
Hou Gong is very proud, this time the big boss doesn't know how to reward me.
As soon as Hou Gong went back, Liu Bang said that I would not see this person, give him some money and let him go, and I would not see him for the rest of my life. The second life-saving benefactor was not killed, but he was not given to the official, and we also thought it was strange how this matter was handled.
Because Liu Bang thinks that this person's mouth is too powerful, he can move Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu, if he stays by my side, one day someone stuffs something for him, he comes to me and says, I will also fall into his circle.
You look at these two small stories, which reflect a major feature of Liu Bang in employing people, treating them in a graded manner and using their strengths.
This Liu Bang employs people, a Ding Gong and a Hou Gong, each person only uses it once, and only one thing.
In Liu Bang's eyes, this kind of person can only be used once in a lifetime, and it can only be used for a certain thing. This actually shows a truth, there are no useless people in the world, everyone has his strengths. You see, these people who can speak, those who are soft-hearted, have their uses, but they can only be used once.
I summarized it, this is called the lowest level of Liu Bang's employment, and this is called the talent of one thing. Talent in only one thing is called talent in one thing.
Let's talk about another group of people, including people like Han Xin, the king of Chu, Peng Yue, the king of Liang, and the king of Huainan, who were all top generals under Liu Bang and helped Liu Bang destroy Xiang Yu and seize the world. Liu Xiang fought against each other, and Liu Bang never won a battle. And the one who killed Xiang Yu in the end was mainly Han Xin.
Liu Bang wants to use these people, but these people are not easy to use, they are all capable people. There are two short stories in this.
After Han Xin destroyed the State of Qi, he sent an envoy to Liu Bang to ask for an official, to be a "fake King of Qi", and he wanted to be the acting King of Qi. He said that this place is prone to rebellion, and if you don't give me an official, how can I govern it?
Liu Bang was in a hurry to beat Xiang Yu at that time, and he was very happy to hear that Han Xin had occupied Qi Qi, and wished that Han Xin would come to help him earlier, but Han Xin asked him to be an official. Liu Bang was so angry that he scolded, but this scolding was an absolute mistake.
Because Han Xin had an army of 300,000 at that time, you still scolded his messenger, and the messenger went back to his boss and said, Han Xin didn't say that it was against the water, and it might be neutral.
Thanks to Liu Bang, there were two people standing beside him, one was the strategist Zhang Liang, and the other was the strategist Chen Ping, and the two of them felt that Liu Bang had done something wrong. The one standing on the left stomped Liu Bang, the one standing on the right kicked Liu Bang, and the two of them kicked Liu Bang to his senses.
But isn't it scolding now, can't this turn around? King Qi is not easy to seal. Liu Bang immediately changed his words at that time, "The big husband wins the world, if you want to do it, you will be the real king of Qi, and what will be the fake king of Qi." This scolding, and then he gave Han Xin a true Qi king.
As a result, Han Xin copied Xiang Yu's base camp Pengcheng and its grain route, and Xiang Yu could only negotiate peace with Liu Bang in the chasm.
In the second story, after the two families negotiated peace, Xiang Yu retreated to the Anhui region, Liu Bang treacherously led the troops to pursue, and as a result, they chased to Guling, and the two fought. Liu Bang was trapped in Guling City and did not dare to come out, Liu Bang called Han Xin and Peng Yue to come, but neither of them came.
At this time, Zhang Liang offered another plan and sealed these two people again. The east of Chen Di went to the sea to Han Xin, and the north of Suiyang to the land of Gucheng to Peng Yue, and then the two sent troops to support.
The first thing Liu Bang did after killing Xiang Yu was to run to Han Xin's camp, collect the order of his 300,000 army power, and then change the title to King of Chu, and then use others to say that Han Xin rebelled, and fake You Yunmeng arrested Han Xin and brought him to the capital.
The king of Qi was changed to the king of Chu, and the king of Chu was demoted to the marquis of Huaiyin. Han Xin stayed in the capital for 6 years, and finally joined forces with Chen Feng to rebel, and was tricked into the palace by Xiao He, and Empress Lu killed him. Later, another Peng Yue, who had made great contributions in the destruction of Chu, was also killed.
Han Xin and Peng Yue were both the most famous military strategists of that period, and they were the most skilled at war, but they were only used by Liu Bang in a specific period. They are different from the Ding Gong and Hou Gong we just talked about, people like Ding Gong have talents, but there is only that one thing. Han Xin, Peng Yue, and Di Bu used it for a long time, which was the Chu-Han War, which was called a momentary talent.
There was also a group of people under Liu Bang, who spent a lifetime, such as Xiao He, Zhang Liang, Chen Ping, Teng Gong and others, until Liu Bang's death, assisted Liu Ying, Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty, and after Empress Lu was killed, Zhou Bo and Chen Ping assisted Liu Heng, the fourth son of Liu Bang, Emperor Wen of Han. It's called a lifetime of talent, and it took them all their lives.
Therefore, Liu Bang is very clever in employing people, that is, his eyes are very "poisonous". Those who can only use one thing are called the talents of one thing, those who can only be used for a period of time are called temporary talents, and which people can use their whole lives, this is called the talents of a lifetime.
This shows that Liu Bang does have his uniqueness in employing people. We only talk about history, not reality.
As for using its strengths, that is Liu Bang's strength. Those who can fight, like Han Xin, fight; those who can make suggestions, then Zhang Liang will make plans all his life; Xiao He can manage money, so he will be stationed in Guanzhong for him and do a good job in logistics support.
Because no one is perfect, everyone cannot be perfect, and everyone's talents are limited, so only by using their strengths can a person's strengths be maximized.
3. Liu Bang's second secret for employing people: a good pair of ears
The use of the eyes is to see, and the use of the ears is to hear. We used to say that there are two ways for a person to acquire knowledge: to travel thousands of miles and read thousands of books. In fact, the more important point is the third point, which is called countless readers.
Some people have been secretaries with big leaders for several years, and they have been promoted quickly. You listen to how he handles things and complex relationships by his side, and the more you listen, the longer your skills will grow.
We see that some entrepreneurs have not read much, but the business is doing well. Some doctoral students and doctoral supervisors who have studied have started a business and died one by one. Why don't they have the practice or talent in this area, and some people who haven't read books have these talents, so reading people is a big skill.
In my opinion, reading history is reading people, you read Liu Bang to see Liu Bang through, you read Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to see through Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. So it's very important to listen, let's talk about how Liu Bang listened.
First, Liu Bangshan listened to the opinions of his subordinates
People often attach more importance to the opinions of leaders and less to the opinions of subordinates. It can even be said that Liu Bang is good at listening to the opinions of the grassroots. Don't underestimate the grassroots, some of the people who are really at the bottom are very capable.
Let me give you an example, Liu Bang has a soldier under him, this person is called Lou Jing, and he is an ordinary soldier.
Once, he was transferred from Shandong to Guanzhong as a soldier and passed through Luoyang. At that time, Liu Bang was set to be in Luoyang when he established the Western Han Dynasty, and Lou Jing heard that he was in Luoyang and asked to see Liu Bang.
Of course, it is not easy for an ordinary soldier to meet the commander-in-chief, but Lou Jing met it through his fellow villagers. He suggested that Liu Bang should not set the capital Luoyang, but move the capital to Chang'an.
After listening to this suggestion, Liu Bang was very unimpressed with him, and then asked for the opinions of others, especially Zhang Liang, who strongly supported Lou Jing's suggestion. In the end, Liu Bang still adopted Lou Jing's suggestion and moved the capital to Chang'an on the same day. After that, he also gave Lou Jing a high reward and gave him the surname "Liu".
That was unbelievable in ancient times, you have the same surname as the emperor.
There is also a story that when Liu Bang entered the customs in the west, he attacked Wancheng, the county governor of Nanyang County, and did not defeat it, so he wanted to bypass Wancheng and march directly to the west, eager to enter the customs. Because King Chu Huai had an agreement with him, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu would enter the customs first, and who would be the king of Guanzhong.
So Nanyang didn't fight down, he was leaving. As a result, there was a person under the Nanyang County Guard, who came out to see Liu Bang, saying that if you go like this, it will be very dangerous, there are Nanyang chasing soldiers in the back, and the Qin army in front of you will intercept them, and you will not be able to enter the pass. I'll tell you a way to do it, it's called the Covenant, and in today's terms, it's called a peaceful uprising.
Then Nanyang County Shou surrendered, Liu Bang took the army, Nanyang County Shou kept his position, and dozens of counties along the way also surrendered.
Whoever came up with this method was an ordinary official under the Nanyang County Guard, who fell down the city, met with Liu Bang, and gave his opinion.
There is another story, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu confronted each other in Xingyang for 28 months, fought in the dark, could not tell the winner, and finally was seriously injured and returned to Guanzhong, recuperated and wanted to go west to Guguan to fight with Xiang Yu.
A man named Yuan Sheng suggested to him, you should not go to Hangu Pass again, you should go south out of Wuguan to Nanyang, transfer Xiang Yu to Nanyang to fight you in a decisive battle, and then force Xiang Yu's logistics supply line to lengthen. The longer Xiang Yu's supply line, the easier it is to be cut off. This proposal is very strategic.
Second, Liu Bang is good at listening to correct opinions
When you are a leader, you can hear all kinds of different voices at a meeting, some for you and some against you.
The special feature of Liu Bang's ears is that he can hear which sound is correct in the midst of noise. This is the ability of the conductor to hear that the instrument of any player is half a degree higher or half a degree lower. It's a little bit worse, he can hear it.
For example, when they heard that Han Xin was rebelling, all the ministers told Liu Bang that Han Xin should be destroyed by force, but Liu Bang knew very well that none of his men could beat Han Xin.
In the end, Chen Ping's opinion was adopted, and the pseudo-You Yunmeng was borne. I traveled there and asked Han Xin to come to see me, and Han Xin came alone, and it was not difficult to arrest him.
In addition, Liu Bang was at a loss in the Hongmen banquet, because Xiang Yu was going to kill him the next day, and the orders were issued.
As a result, Xiang Bo saw Zhang Liang at night, and Zhang Liang went to see Liu Bang again, and Liu Bang would say four words: What can I do. What is this called, not only to listen, but also to take the initiative to ask for advice. This is an extremely rare quality as a supreme leader.
Fourth, Liu Bang's third secret for employing people: a good mind
A good mind is called soberness, and Liu Bang's mind is very sober. On the issue of dealing with Han Xin, you can see that this person is free to accept and release, you want to fake the king of Qi, and I will crown you the real king of Qi.
You became the king of true Qi, and I used you to destroy Xiang Yu. Destroy Xiang Yu, I will immediately collect your military power and change the title to King of Chu. Then you will be the king of Chu, and I will fake You Yunmeng, arrest you, and go to Guanzhong to seal you as a Marquis of Huaiyin.
Liu Bang played Han Xin in the palm of his hand, so Han Xin always couldn't fight Liu Bang.
The two of them once had a conversation, Liu Bang asked Han Xin, how many soldiers do you say I can bring? Han Xin was very polite and replied: Your Majesty can only bring 100,000 troops.
Liu Bang asked Han Xin again, how many soldiers can you bring? Han Xin said: The more the merrier.
Then Liu Bang asked again, since you lead the more troops, the better, why were you caught by me, not me?
Han Xin also answered very skillfully: The ministers are good generals, and Your Majesty is good generals. I'm a good soldier, and you're a good general, so you arrested me.
Therefore, Liu Bang should be very sober-minded. When he uses people, he can put it away freely, when to use it, when to collect it, and he has to master it just right.
Fifth, Liu Bang's fourth secret for employing people: a good team
Liu Bang is a person who is engaged in all walks of life, and the people under him come from all walks of life, such as fellow villagers under him, some from the hostile camp, such as Han Xin and Chen Ping from Xiang Yu's side, and some defectors, such as Li Shiqi and Zhang Er.
We all know that there is a "three-surname slave" Lu Bu in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", but Liu Bang also has a "six-surnamed slave", and he accepts all six masters. Who, Uncle Sun Tong.
Shusun Tong was first a doctor to be edicted by Qin Shi Huang, and he was an advisor to Qin Shi Huang. After the death of Qin Shi Huang, he followed Qin II, and soon after, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang rebelled. Soon the Kanto region was full of banners of uprisings, and it can be said that the county killed the county order, and the county killed the county guard.
After that, Shusun Tong escaped from the pass overnight and defected to the third leader, Xiang Liang. Later, in Dingtao, Xiang Liang was killed because of the carelessness of the enemy, and Shusun Tong followed the fourth leader, Xiang Yu.
Xiang Yu was not taken seriously, because after Xiang Liang's death, Xiong Xin, the king of Chu Huai, seized Xiang Yu's military power and excluded Xiang Yu. As soon as his uncle and grandson saw Xiong Xin in power, he took refuge in Xiong Xin again.
When Xiang Yu fought the battle of the giant deer and presided over the affairs of the world, Shusun Tong betrayed Xiong Xin and took refuge in Xiang Yu. Later, seeing that Xiang Yu couldn't become a climate, Shusun Tong defected to Liu Bang again.
This uncle Sun Tong changed 6 bosses and jumped 6 companies in the middle of the Chu-Han War and the Great Uprising at the end of Qin, and finally followed Liu Bang, and Liu Bang still wanted it.
What really came in handy for Shusun Tong was that he formulated a whole set of ceremonies for Liu Bang for ministers to meet the emperor. When Liu Bang first arrived in Dingtao, Shandong Province to be the emperor, the civil and military officials ate together, the scene was messy, and even the generals drew their swords while drinking, and they cut on the pillars of the court.
Who were the rebels under Liu Bang? Fan Hao was a seller of dog meat, a baby irrigator was a cloth seller, and the senior general Zhou Bo was a suona player, and his subordinates were all a bunch of such generals, not graduates of the National Defense University. So Liu Bang held a banquet, and the scene was uncontrollable.
Shusun Tong said at this time, this is not good, I will formulate a set of rituals for you Liu Bang. Liu Bang said don't make it too complicated, I can't make it too complicated.
Shusun Tong found someone to practice for 3 months, and let these ministers stand in a column when they go to court, and the military officials stand in a column, according to the level of the grade. If anyone makes the slightest noise, they will be grabbed and wrung out by the samurai.
The whole banquet was neat and orderly, and Liu Bang only said a famous sentence after reading it: I am known as the emperor's noble today. - I don't know until today how honorable it is to be an emperor. Then he rewarded his uncle and grandson.
A person like Shusun Tong can be said to have not been used in the four years of the Chu-Han War, and it was not used until Liu Bang became emperor. Therefore, Liu Bang is engaged in all corners of the world. The talents under his command are not only military strategists, strategists, politicians, diplomats, and so on.
Although he is engaged in all over the world, Liu Bang has a core team, that is, Fengpei Hometown Group, that is, his hometown. These people are his core backbone members, accounting for one-third of the more than 100 marquis he has sealed. None of these fellows betrayed Liu Bang and kept following Liu Bang, so Liu Bang has a good team.
Sixth, Liu Bang's fifth secret for employing people: a good attitude
Liu Bang dared to admit his mistakes to his courtiers and dared to admit that his ability was limited, which was the most difficult for a leader to do. Often the top leaders are deified, but Liu Bang dares to admit his mistakes.
We told the story of Lou Jing earlier, that is, the Lou Jing who suggested that Liu Bang move the capital to Chang'an. When Liu Bang was preparing for a decisive battle with the Xiongnu, he brought 320,000 troops, but he was trapped in Baideng, surrounded by the 400,000 troops of the Xiongnu Mao Dunshan Yu in Baishan Mountain for seven days and seven nights, and could not get out of this mountain.
In the end, it took a very disgraceful trick from Chen Ping to escape.
In fact, before the battle began, Liu Bang sent a lot of reconnaissance troops, and each of the envoys came back to say that they saw that the Xiongnu army was all old and weak soldiers and thin horses, and advocated that this battle could be fought.
The last one sent was Lou Jing, and Lou Jing came back after going to see it and said that he couldn't fight. He said that I had been to the Xiongnu and saw all the old and weak soldiers and thin horses, which was not normal.
The Huns have always been known for their strong military strength and strong cavalry, but I often don't see a strong soldier, they definitely let us deliberately see such an illusion, this battle cannot be fought.
Liu Bang had unified the world and became the emperor at this time, he was carried away by the victory, so he locked up Lou Jing in a fit of anger, and said a cruel word, I will kill you after returning from the victory.
So without waiting for the arrival of the large army and follow-up troops, Liu Bang rushed forward with a small number of troops and was trapped in Baishan Mountain.
As a result, after returning from the defeat, he not only did not kill Lou Jing, but also admitted his mistake to Lou Jing. I was wrong, Lou Jing, you are right.
Look at "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", before Yuan Shao's battle of Guandu, a courtier suggested to him that he couldn't fight, but Yuan Shao didn't listen, and locked up the courtier who made the suggestion.
After Yuan Shao came back from defeat, everyone thought that this courtier could be released. As a result, the courtier said, "If I come back from victory, I have a chance to live, and if I lose the battle, I will surely die." Sure enough, Yuan Shao came back and killed the courtiers.
Liu Bang is different, he came back from a defeated battle and rewarded him and dared to admit his mistakes. If an emperor dares to admit his mistakes, it shows that the regime still has a strong ability to correct mistakes, and when a regime loses its ability to correct mistakes, then the regime will be very dangerous.
Liu Bang dared to correct his mistakes and admit his mistakes, which was not easy for an emperor.
Later, Liu Bang gave Lou Jing the title of Guanneihou, and finally named Jianxin Hou, which is an extremely rare thing.
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