The negotiation and negotiation process of the 919 Suiyuan Peace Uprising is rarely reported, and some archival documents and central instructions have not been declassified
From Beijing to Suiyuan
Xiao Ruzhi
Recalling that on the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to liberate Suiyuan and promote the Suiyuan 919 Uprising, I, together with the representatives of the Communist Party, made a difficult journey from Beijing to Suiyuan, as if it was just yesterday, and I vividly remember it.
From Beijing to Fengzhen
After the peaceful liberation of Peking in 1949, I stayed on as an attaché to Fu Zuoyi. Each of us wore a Fu Zuoyi attaché card, including Fu Zuoyi himself, wearing a white-gray cloth and a Lisi uniform. Since then, he has taken off his military uniform and changed into civilian clothes. The office is located at No. 2, Shibei Hutong, Xisibei, Beijing.
At this time, the North China Bureau of the Communist Party of China and Fu Zuoyi each sent three representatives to form a consultative committee on the Suiyuan issue, and after more than two months of negotiations and consultations, the "Agreement on Suiyuan Demarcation, Transportation, Finance, Trade, and the Dispatch of Liaison Offices in Suiyuan" (hereinafter referred to as the "Suiyuan Agreement") was signed at the Dongkou Bank Club in Xijiaomin Lane, Beijing. Pan Jiwen, a representative of the Communist Party, head of the Urban Industry Department of the Suimeng District Committee of the Communist Party of China, and director of the Liaison Office in Guisui, lives here.
Pan Jiwen
The "Suiyuan Peace Agreement" decided to carry out four links first—traffic, communications, postal services, and trade—and to prepare for the liberation of Suiyuan.
Around June 10th, Fu Zuoyi summoned the staff of our stay at the bottom of the second floor from west to east of the Xisi Xiaojiangfang Hutong Block, the conference hall of his residence. In addition to me, there are more than 10 people, including Wang Kejun, director of the Information Division, Li Quanzhong, section chief, Liu Yongsheng, deputy director of the General Office, Yu Changchen, director of electric affairs, Zhang Qirui, director of ordnance, Pan Ruizheng, director of manager, and Gao Zhizhi, staff officer.
Fu came down from the upper floor and said: "There is no work here now, Suiyuan work has to be done, everyone go to Suiyuan." In the past, everyone has been with me for many years, and I am responsible, and I will no longer be able to fulfill my responsibilities for everyone in the future. In the future, we will start again and follow the Communist Party. You go to Suiyuan to listen to Dong Qiwu's arrangement......"
Fu's parting words were clearly to show everyone that the old affiliation was over. With tears in their eyes, everyone looked at each other and left.
Fu had agreed with the Communist Party representatives beforehand that for the convenience of contact, he would send someone to Suiyuan. One day, Fu Zuoyi came to me and solemnly assigned me and Pan Jiwen to go to Suiyuan to work together and take a jeep. Later, Wang Kejun was not at ease, so he asked me to re-explain the matter of sending the car and going with Pan, especially emphasizing that we should talk less on the road. During the Anti-Japanese War, when Fu Zuoyi was the deputy commander of the Eighth Theater of the Kuomintang, Pan Jiwen served as the chief of the Social Section of the Political Department. After the breakdown of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, he returned to Yan'an. I have some impressions of him. He was red-faced, upright, and usually solemn and quiet.
It occurred to me that this was another time that Fu Zuoyi had asked me to send a car for something of great historical significance. The first time was on the eve of the liberation of Beijing, during the siege of the People's Liberation Army, Fu asked me to secretly send a good car, to arrange a reliable driver, just drive, do not ask who sits. Therefore, I sent a driver surnamed Zhen to send Deng Baoshan and Zhou Beifeng out of the city to pick up the Communist negotiator, Comrade Su Jing, the chief of operations, and finally came up with a peace plan and liberated Beiping. This time, Fu asked me to go to Suiyuan with the representatives of the Communist Party to do work and liberate Suiyuan. These two events are something I will never forget.
The next day, I went to the Xijiaomin Lane Bank Club to find Pan Jiwen and discuss the matter. On the steps more than one meter high in front of this old building, stands the People's Liberation Army gate. As soon as I got out of the car, I saluted at the gate and asked me who I was looking for, and I took out my ID card and said that I was looking for Minister Pan Jiwen. After entering, I first went to the living room of the South House. This old-style grand building has a large interior with sofas and carpets, and is ornately furnished. The service staff called Pan.
As soon as Pan saw me, he said, "I heard that you are going with me, it's very good!" After a few pleasantries, he introduced me to his secretary, Comrade Yu Feng. Yu and I shook hands and sat down with each other. Pan said, "You two discuss the date of departure, bring the car. I still have something to do, I'm afraid we can't go in one car. ”
Comrade Yu Feng became my friend. He is highly short-sighted, can't do without glasses, has a medium-thin build, and has a full accent in Yanbei Ying County and Shanyin. Before leaving, I kept in touch with him. At this time, on the one hand, I was in charge of the affairs I was handling, and on the other hand, I was in contact with the railway wagons to load the cars and prepare for the work. I picked a good Jeep, two good drivers – Wen Lanrong and a driver surnamed Duan.
After everything was ready, on June 19, I, together with Yu Feng, two drivers and five of my orderlies, loaded the jeep onto the train, took a mixed train, and departed westbound from Beijing's Qianmen Station. Yu said: "I have sent a telegram to tell Suiyuan that we have set off."
On the way, he talked to me about everything. I was a little inhibited, and mostly listened to him. Sometimes we stood at the door of the trunk, sometimes we sat in a jeep. Looking at Badaling and the Great Wall, he said, "There have been wars here." When I got to the new security guard, I saw bullet marks, ruins on the castle, and a single bunker in the countryside. Yu said: "This is the place where the 35th Army of Fu Zuoyi's ace team was eliminated. Chairman Mao was really wise and great, fighting with Chiang Kai-shek, and acting in accordance with Chairman Mao's strategic deployment plan every step of the way, winning one victory at a time. I am afraid that it will not be long before the whole of China will be liberated. Victory is already beckoning, and the light is ahead. As he spoke, I nodded my head repeatedly. Along the way, the stations and villages flashed in front of you.
On the afternoon of the 20th, the car arrived at Fengzhen, the temporary seat of the Suiyuan Provincial Government of the Communist Party of China. Unexpectedly, Pan Jiwen had returned to Fengzhen. After receiving Yu Feng's telegram, he immediately sent Cao Wenyu and others to the station to pick us up. As soon as the jeep arrived, it was immediately crowded with people, all of whom came to see the rarity (referring to the jeep). At this time, Fengzhen even saw a big car, so how could there be a jeep? People were talking one after another, saying that some big man must have come. Actually, I'm just one of the people who accompany the work.
Lu Zhihao, we got into a jeep and entered the city, and met Comrade Lu Zhihao (director of the Urban Work Department of the Suimeng District Committee of the Communist Party of China, and later director of the Liaison Office in Suimeng), who was wrapped in white gauze around his neck, saying that he was suffering from inflammation.
After Cao Wenyu's introduction, Comrade Lu Zhihao and I shook hands with each other. Let's move on. On the street of Fengzhen that day, it seemed like a market on time, and there were so many people that I couldn't walk over. Small vendors and traders are quite lively. This scene made me feel that the Kuomintang's propaganda that "private property in the communist occupied areas is confiscated, and everyone is not free" is not credible.
Our car drove all the way to the compound of the enemy engineering department in Fengzhen Roujiao Lane. We have already prepared a private house. Section Chief Cao Wenyu first accompanied me to eat alone, and wanted to entertain me as a guest of honor. I decline. Cao is a comrade with a straightforward and honest temperament, and is very generous in his words and actions. He told me, "You're welcome. "It was a difficult time, and the PLA superiors and subordinates all ate millet, but we were allowed to eat white noodles and stir-fried vegetables, and we changed the sample every day.
When I met Minister Pan Jiwen, he first asked, "Did you say goodbye to Mr. Fu before leaving?" and I said, "I met you." He then asked, "What did Fu tell you?" and I replied, "Fu told me to listen to you on the road, and the car will be used by you when it arrives in Suiyuan." Pan said, "Let's all use it." Why don't you bring your family with you, and you're going to work there? I said, "There are old people and children, let's talk about it later."
Subsequently, Pan Jiwen talked about the connection with Dong Qiwu. He said: "First I plan to ask you to send a contact letter, and then I consider that the battalion under the command is a PLA garrison, so I asked Comrade Lu Zhihao to deliver it." You stay first, wait for a few days when Dong comes to reply, and then let's go. ”
In those days, we went out on the streets every day when we had nothing to do. Sometimes, we went up to the high mound in the north of the city to overlook the whole city, saw the red flag fluttering from a distance, and heard the loud singing of the People's Liberation Army's "Three Major Disciplines and Eight Points of Attention." Sometimes, Cao Wenyu would lead us to the court to watch the game, and they would let me play too, but I declined. At this time, I was very impressed by Comrade He Shusheng, a young man in his twenties, who was very standard in terms of appearance and body. Playing the ball, shooting accurately, no one can beat it. He later became a production expert on the metallurgical front (former chief engineer and deputy minister of the Ministry of Metallurgy of Baotou Steel). At the same time, I have seen many leading comrades in very high positions playing ball with everyone, regardless of their positions, quite casually.
From Fengzhen to Suiyuan
We waited for more than a week, but we didn't hear from Dong. Later, it was decided that Lu Zhihao would take us and the "four links" personnel first. It is expected that the board of directors will send someone to pick it up. Unexpectedly, the contact letter was detained by the reactionary army commander Liu Wanchun and not handed over to Dong Qiwu.
On July 1st, we set out from Fengzhen and stayed at a warehouse, and we had a meeting, and it was decided that I would go with He Shusheng first and get in touch with Dong. At this point, I thought to myself: I'm wearing a white-gray civilian dress. He wears a small-brimmed straw hat. Will He be in danger if he wears a half-worn gray uniform and a People's Liberation Army cap? I decided to first find the regimental or division headquarters of the Suiyuan Army, and ideally, if I could talk to Dong Qiwu on the phone. So, they sent us out of the PLA guard line, and I continued to move forward with He. Walking to the junction of the high mound in the west, I heard the sentry on the Suiyuan side shouting: "Stop!"
I told him not to speak, and I went over. Approaching a few steps away from the rifle-wielding sentry, I said, "My surname is Xiao and I have a mission." You sent us to your regimental headquarters or division headquarters, and you can't talk about it here. Then, a sentry looked at us, and a sentry went back to the outpost to report to the platoon commander and asked the division headquarters by phone. After a while, the platoon commander came out and said, "Go over, the division headquarters is in the camp of Haoqin." ”
In the course of our advance, we saw quite a few heavily armed troops, training and exercising in the fields. The car drove all the way to Haoqin Yingzi Village. The headquarters of the 258th Division lived in a large courtyard. The car stopped not far in front of the door. Except for a few small children and women approaching us, it was rare for a man to come out.
I said to the guards, "I want to see your division commander." ”
The guards went in to report. After a while, a chief of staff came out and said, "The division commander is not here, tell me something." "When we saw each other, he was more familiar with my name, and let us go into the house and sit down.
I said, "Fu Zuoyi sent me to contact Dong Qiwu, and I want to talk to him on the phone." He was about to talk on the phone and tell Dong: "The man surnamed Xiao from Beijing wants to talk to you." ”
I took the phone and asked, "Are you Chairman Dong?" "Yes. Who are you here with?" "Me and a man surnamed He, and dozens of other people are waiting in the camp. "Why didn't you write first?" "It's been more than a week since the letter was sent, and there has been no reply. We were a group of dozens of people, thinking that there would be someone to pick up in our camp, but the result was beyond our expectations. So I'm going to get in touch first. ”
After a moment's pause, I heard someone next to me interject in my headphones. Then Dong replied: "Okay, I'll send someone to pick you up outside the east gate." (At that time, Liu Wanchun was also there, but I don't know.) ）
After a while, we went to the airport outside the east gate and saw Wang Kejun and Liu Wanchun coming to pick them up. The king took me aside, and said with an angry look, "Why don't you send the letter first, and then bring them here?"
Liu Wanchun was crooked his neck and carrying a pistol on his side, walked a few steps closer, and asked me to Comrade He Shusheng: "Who is this?" I saw his hideous face and a suspicious look, and only replied that it was "surnamed He." While talking, Wang Jingtai and Zhang Guolin also came. They were instructed by Dong not to let He Shusheng enter the city and return to their camp. and picked up Lu Zhihao, Cao Wenyu and a few others, and the rest returned to Fengzhen.
When I entered the city gate, I saw that the sandbags were blocked, and the inside and outside were double-posted, and they were still in a state of war. When he arrived at the old Suiyuan Provincial Government and saw Dong Qiwu, Dong first said, "Why hasn't the letter been received?" It looks very strange, and I think there must be an article in it. Dong told us to stay for a while.
After a while, Cao Wenyu and the others were all picked up. I met Dong Qiwu in the Dewang Mansion on Xincheng Jianshe Street. After we introduced them one by one, we shook hands with Dong and sat down. Dong told Wang Jingtai: "Let them wash their faces first." By this time, it was already dark. Subsequently, three tables were set up, accompanied by Zhang Guolin, Kang Baoan, Wang Kejun, Wang Jingtai, Cao Wenwei (Shanchu), Li Jizhong, Zhang Qirui, and other military and political personnel. Most of the officials here were there, but I didn't see Liu Wanchun and others, so I realized the seriousness of the problem. Since then, he has increased his vigilance and is more cautious in his words and actions.
The Communist delegates stayed at the original Houhe Hotel on Xiluofeng Street in the new city. We live in the courtyard of the Dewang Mansion. Although they are not far apart, you have to be careful when you meet.
At this time, there were rumors outside that I was a communist. Li Shangjiu said to others: "I never thought that Xiao Zixiang (my name Zixiang) is also the Communist Party." When some old friends asked me, I replied: "I am a student of Mr. Fu, he turned left, I followed, where am I a communist?"
Soon after, we received threatening letters from reactionary elements from outside the wall, saying: "You people have betrayed Fu Zuoyi in Beijing and Dong Qiwu in Suiyuan, so be careful of your ......heads." In such an environment and atmosphere, not to mention carrying out work, we feel inconvenient to even take action. It was believed that it was dangerous to be concentrated in one place, and it was decided that it would be better to live in a dispersed manner. So, I moved to the villagers at No. 1 Xinglong Lane in the old city. They work in the dark. Later, when it became clear that we were in contact with the representatives of the Communist Party, some people began to follow us. When I went out to Da Nan Street, I saw the slogans of the reactionary elements: "Kill the pigs and pluck the feathers, the Communist Party will get out of Suiyuan!" They all said: "Revolution is not afraid of death, and if you are afraid of death, it will not come." "They went out as usual to carry out their activities.
Unexpectedly, however, one day in mid-July, Comrade Wang Shixin, a representative of the Communist Railway, was instructed by reactionary Zhao Yuande and others to be knocked down on the road between the old and new cities. When the comrades carried him to the hospital, he bled too much and died.
After Dong Qiwu learned about this, he was very angry and held a memorial service for Comrade Wang Shixin. In order to ensure safety, Dong asked the Communist Party representatives to move into the Dewang Mansion in Jianshe Street, add double posts, and guard them inside and outside. At this time, the representatives of the Communist Party considered whether Suiyuan could live any longer.
So, the Communist Party representatives specially took me and sat in a circle on the sofa in the living room of the west room in the front yard of the hostel. Lu Zhihao asked me: "Lao Xiao, we don't treat you as an outsider, what kind of attitude do you say Dong Qiwu has?"
I replied, "Dong Qiwu, you don't have to doubt it. Dong has always been hard, simple, and approachable, and praised the style of the Eighth Route Army. He is Fu Zuoyi's confidant who has been cultivated and promoted for many years, and he is also Fu's arm, how Fu asks him to go, he will definitely do it, and he will definitely not be ambiguous. People like Liu Wanchun don't dare to say it. ”
Then, I continued: "The situation in Suiyuan has been seen very clearly. It can be roughly divided into three types: First, the majority headed by Dong Qiwu were cultivated by Fu Zuoyi and resolutely listened to Fu and Dong; second, there were some people who were skeptical and worried that they would be deceived; and third, those who were stubborn reactionaries who were instigated by spies to take an opposing attitude. ”
After I returned, I immediately reported these situations to Dong Qiwu. As soon as he heard that the deputies wanted to withdraw, Dong was very anxious. Immediately, the secretary general of the security department explained to the deputies and apologized, saying: We must not withdraw. Dong later saw everyone in person and said: "Mr. Fu called, and resolutely refused to let everyone go." ”
At the same time, the representatives of the Communist Party also received instructions: "We must resolutely resist and not leave." In this way, they calmed down and continued their resolute struggle against the reactionaries. Soon, a large number of people came to Fengzhen to propagate the party's policies.
Only then did I learn that when I went to the headquarters of the 258th Division in Haoqin Yingzi with He Shusheng on the phone, Zhao Yuande, the director of the Political Work Division, knew me, and he thought that I was a communist, so he did not show up to talk to me at all. And threatened to clean us up. The later threatening letter was thrown by him.
At this time, I heard that Colonel Yu Hongru returned to Anbei after the liberation of Beiping, and was buried alive by the local Kuomintang garrison in the name of "inciting the army's heart" because of his careless speech. These things couldn't help but make me feel a little afraid, so I went to the Yufang Photo Studio on Da Nan Street to take a photo, just in case, as a souvenir, which is still preserved.
At this time, Dong Qiwu also took effective measures. He sent me to the former Suiyuan Officers' Corps to do ideological work in the name of an instructor. I will give you a lesson, mainly about Fu Zuoyi's statement of political position in a telegram on April 1, 1949. The gist of it is that the road taken in the past was actually to look after the landlords and bourgeoisie and to be the bodyguard of the famous and rich. The Kuomintang has been abandoned by the people, defeat is a foregone conclusion, and the victory of the Communist Party is the trend of the times and the will of the people. We are all old subordinates of Mr. Fu, and it is not wrong to follow him.
At the same time, Dong also sent people to wash up reactionary slogans along the streets and put up revolutionary slogans: "Resolutely follow the Communist Party!" and "Long live the Communist Party of China!" At this time, the news that Fu Zuoyi was coming to Suiyuan also spread throughout the city.
On August 28, Fu Zuoyi was instructed by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to take a special car to Suiyuan, and summoned the heads of military and political circles in Suiyuan to do their work, so that they could calm down. I went to Mr. Fu's residence (north room in the courtyard) of the West Public Welfare Bureau of Xincheng South Street to see Fu. Through Zhang Jingtao, the captain of the guard, I went in to see me, and Fu asked me, "Where are you?" and I said, "Officer Corps." He asked about the officer corps, and I told him that there were "four corps, more than 300 people." Everyone is looking forward to you coming, and they all say that you are not free. Fu smiled and said, "Tell everyone to rest assured and start again." After a while, Mr. Fu had a complete understanding of the situation in Suiyuan. One day in mid-September, Fu Zuoyi took a jeep to Baotou, and suddenly got off at Meidai on the way to summon a meeting between the military and political elites. I personally heard Fu's adjutant Hao Dezhen tell me that at this time, Zhang Qingen, the head of the Kuomintang military command's spies, also followed Meidaizhao, wanting to find Fu Zuoyi to make a final speech and persuade Fu Nanfei. As soon as the car arrived, Zhang Jingtao, the captain of the guard, was busy packing his luggage from the car. Fu Jin went to the courtyard and looked back, Zhang Qingen was behind. Fu said: Why did he come in too? After this hint, Deputy Director Yan Youwen immediately stopped Zhang, called him to the West House to reprimand him, and told him to leave.
After three months of arduous struggle, and with the efforts of all quarters, we finally won the final victory! On 19 September, the Suiyuan side finally raised the banner of the uprising. The success of the Suiyuan Uprising played a tremendous role in promoting the liberation of the whole of China. The once sinister situation in Suiyuan has changed, and the liberation forces have an absolute advantage. Those reactionary elements that were rampant for a while, spurned by the people, got the end they deserved.
The 919 Suiyuan Uprising was an epoch-making revolution of far-reaching historical significance. Today, I have the honor to pick up the pen to recall the past years, recount the historical scene at that time, and reproduce the difficult and tortuous course of the 919 Uprising, so that together with the new and old comrades who have experienced or have not experienced this period of history, we will not forget the difficulties of the past and cherish the hard-won today. Although I am now old, I must also work hard and contribute my spare strength to the prosperity of the motherland and to the early realization of the motherland's reunification.
"The old cow knows that the sunset is short, so don't raise the whip to fight for yourself."
I encourage myself with this.
(Hohhot, April 15, 1983)
Editorial Department of Inner Mongolia Cultural and Historical Materials:
His father, Xiao Ruzhi (1911.1-1993.1), was the former colonel of the Fu Zuoyi Department of the Kuomintang. After participating in the peaceful liberation of Beiping in January 1949, as an attaché of Fu Zuoyi, he was ordered to send a delegation of the Communist Party of China to work in Suiyuan and contribute to the "September 19 Uprising" in Suiyuan. After liberation, he served as counselor of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Government (deputy department level), and a member of the 5th and 6th Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. September 2009 marks the 60th anniversary of the peaceful liberation of Suiyuan. January 4, 2011 marks the 100th anniversary of my father's birth. The article "From Beijing to Suiyuan" written by the old man in April 1983 reminiscing about the 919 Suiyuan Uprising is specially sorted out. I am sending this article here, please correct.
Xiao Lisheng February 22, 2011
Source: Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Committee Network
"919" Suiyuan Peaceful Uprising
On September 19, 1949, 39 representatives from all walks of life in Suiyuan, led by Dong Qiwu, sent a telegram to the whole country, announcing the uprising and the peaceful liberation of Suiyuan.
On March 25, 1949, after Fu Zuoyi's deputies and our representatives formed the "Suiyuan Question Consultative Committee" in Beiping, they drafted the "Suiyuan Peace Agreement" after repeated studies and agreements.
The contents of the draft are to the effect that the provisional demarcation line between the PLA and the Suiyuan troops will be demarcated, the Pingsui railway will be restored, postal and telecommunications will be restored, and commercial and trade exchanges between the two sides will be resumed, as well as cultural exchanges, as well as currency exchange methods between the two sides. The North China Central Bureau will appoint a liaison office in Guisui to coordinate the implementation of the terms of the agreement and the relevant matters related to the transition. On June 8, the Suiyuan Peace Agreement was officially signed in Beiping.
According to the agreement, the personnel of our liaison office (the full name of the liaison office of the North China People's Government in Guisui) were stationed in Guisui on 25 June, but after the notice was sent, Dong Qiwu's actions were not seen. We sent another messenger to deliver a letter, but there was no news. We also asked Xiao Ruzhi, the liaison person sent by Fu Zuoyi, to contact Dong Qiwu. Dong Qiwu asked how many people were going to come to the liaison office? Xiao said: About 50 people. Dong Qiwu said: I didn't receive any letter from them. Xiao Ruzhi said: The letter has already been sent, so why haven't we received it yet? Only later did I learn that the letter was withheld by Liu Wanchun, the former commander of the 111th Army of the Dong Department, and was not presented to Dong Qiwu. In view of the complicated internal situation in his ranks and the rampant activities of reactionary elements, Dong Qiwu did not dare to allow the personnel of the liaison office of the representative of the peace talks to be stationed, saying that the preparations had not been done well, and that he would like to postpone it for a few days.
After several setbacks, it was not until mid-July that the personnel of the Liaison Office were stationed in Guisui in two batches on July 11 and July 17, totaling more than 100 people. The director of the liaison office is Pan Jiwen (and secretary of the CPC Guisui Working Committee), and Lu Zhihao is the director. It consists of a secretarial group (including a platoon of security personnel), a railway working group and a financial working group.
Clash of forces
The struggle between the Suiyuan peace talks and the anti-peace talks is quite acute and complicated. At that time, the broad masses of the people supported the peace talks and hoped that the People's Liberation Army and the people's government would come in as soon as possible. The majority of middle- and lower-level officers and men in the Suiyuan military and government also supported the peace talks. However, some anti-communist diehards (so-called diehards) and military command agents resolutely opposed the peace talks and did everything possible to sabotage them. In addition, some anti-communist diehards and spy elements who had fled from the liberated areas of Beiping, Tianjin, Chahar Province, and Shanxi came to Suiyuan at that time, and Zhang Qingen, the head of the Kuomintang Central Unification North China Bureau, twice flew to Suiyuan to arrange spy activities to sabotage the peace agreement; some anti-communist diehards within Suiyuan, such as army commander Liu Wanchun (who was also the commander of the garrisons of Guisui and Baotou), division commander E Yousan, and Qiao Hankui, commander of the 17th Cavalry Division, resolutely opposed the peace agreement. Sun Lanfeng, commander of the 11th Kuomintang Army Corps and acting chairman of Chahar Province, who fled from Zhangjiakou to Baotou, was stationed in Baotou and was a powerful figure and leader of the main battle faction that influenced the situation in Baotou, and for a time became the center of opposition to the peace agreement.
The anti-communist diehards shouted: "The Third World War is about to begin, and Chiang Kai-shek, with the support of the Americans, will never be finished"; Suiyuan must persevere to the end and wait for the situation to change." After the liaison office was stationed in Guisui, the anti-communist diehards intensified their sabotage activities. They commanded military and police agents and often provoked the staff of the liaison office, which culminated in late July when Xu Yongchang, the head of the Kuomintang Military Command Department, and Wang Shuming, deputy commander of the Air Force, flew to Suiyuan for activities. The diehards and spies in Suiyuan echoed each other with Xu Yongchang and Wang Shuming, stepped up their provocative activities against the liaison office, and insulted and made things difficult for the liaison office staff on the streets. Chiang Kai-shek sent Xu Yongchang and Wang Shuming to carry out sabotage activities against Heping Qi in early July. This time, they flew to Shaanba in Suixi (now Shaanba Town, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia), and sent planes to Baotou to pick up Dong Qiwu, Sun Lanfeng, and Liu Wanchun, further persuade Dong Qiwu to retreat westward, and further win over Dong, Sun, and Liu by making official wishes and bribing them with money, so as to achieve the goal of sabotaging the Suiyuan peace talks. Soon after they returned, the Kuomintang government announced the appointment of Dong Qiwu as deputy military and political governor of the northwest and director of the Suiyuan command post, Sun Lanfeng as commander of the Ninth Corps, and Liu Wanchun as deputy commander of the Ninth Corps, with command of the 111th Army, the 5th Cavalry Brigade, the 12th Cavalry Brigade, and the 13th Cavalry Brigade.
Sabotage uprising
Since the news of the peaceful liberation of Beiping reached Suiyuan in early 1949, the two major spy organizations of the Military Command and the Central Unification have strengthened their cooperation with each other in order to obstruct the People's Liberation Army's attack on Suiyuan and sabotage the peaceful uprising in Suiyuan. Zhang Qingen, the head of the Central Union's secret service (lurking in the 12th Cavalry Brigade), and Zhao Siwu, the head of the secret service of the Suiyuan Station of the Secret Bureau, were in charge of the spy activities in Baotou, thus making the struggle between peace talks and anti-peace talks more acute and complicated. According to statistics at the end of 1949, there were 16 brigades, dozens of security regiments, and more than 86,000 people. Among them, more than 20,000 people from six or seven brigades of local miscellaneous troops, including Yan Xishan's old unit and the landlord's armed Qiao Hankui's troops, were a major obstacle to sabotaging the uprising; more than 10,000 people, including the remnants of the 11 th Kuomintang Corps, one part of Liu Wanchun's 111 th Army, and the 12 th Cavalry Brigade of Hu Yousan, resolutely opposed the uprising, and this was the biggest obstacle to the peaceful liberation of Suiyuan and the creation of chaos. All kinds of reactionary forces are entangled together and do everything possible to carry out sabotage activities.
One is to create rumors. Say that the Third World War will break out this year and next; US aid is expected, and US Navy Commander Bergill will come to China again; the Japanese volunteers have already been organized, and the international volunteers will come to China to participate in the war; many of the troops trained by the Kuomintang in Burma have not yet been taken out, and they will definitely have a future; Fu Zuoyi has been locked up by the Communists after the Beiping Uprising, and now Fu Zuoyi has gone to the Kuomintang in Guangzhou again; you are unreliable in dealing with the Communists, and no matter how well you reform, you will not trust you......
The second is to organize a small number of rioters to march and demonstrate on the streets of Baotou and Guisui cities. They put up slogans, distributed leaflets, and shouted slogans such as "Down with Fu Zuoyi, Down with Dong Qiwu"; they said that Fu Zuoyi had betrayed Beiping, and Dong Qiwu was going to betray Suiyuan; and they also said that "Chiang Kai-shek has the support of the Americans, and he will never be finished, and Suiyuan will persevere to the end and wait for the situation to change." ”
The third is to exert pressure on the personnel sent by Fu Zuoyi to Suiyuan to assist Dong Qiwu in his work, and sent an anonymous letter threatening: "You betrayed Fu Zuoyi in Beiping, and now you are betraying Dong Qiwu, be careful of your dog's life." Among the representatives sent by Fu Zuoyi was a regiment-level cadre named Yu Hongwen, who was buried alive by them because he propagated the peaceful liberation of Beiping. Fu Zuoyi sent An Chunshan, the former commander of the 104th Army, who had peacefully revolted in Beiping, to negotiate with the draft of the peace agreement, Liu Wanchun took out a pistol on the spot to shoot An Chunshan, Dong Qiwu hurriedly dissuaded: "Consultation, agree not to use force if you agree or not." Liu Wanchun said viciously to An Chunshan: "You must leave Suiyuan before 12 o'clock tonight, otherwise be careful of your dog's life." At around 10 o'clock that night, a spy threw two grenades at the door of An Chunshan's residence.
Fourth, when the liaison office of our representatives for the peace talks was about to be stationed in Guisui, they put pressure on Dong Qiwu, shouting, "We must not allow the Communist representatives to come to Suiyuan, and if they come, we will use force and beat them to death in front of you." After our liaison office was stationed in Guisui, they stepped up their sabotage activities. They command the military, police and special forces, and often provoke the staff of the liaison office.
At about 1 p.m. on 24 July, a group of plainclothes spies, armed with submachine guns and grenades, surrounded four people, including Wang Shixin, a member of the railway working group of the liaison office, in front of the Guisui garrison headquarters, and pushed, pulled, and beat them. Between the old and new cities, the spies threw two grenades at their backs and opened fire, killing Wang Shixin and wounding the other two, only Wang Baotang safely ran back to the liaison office to report what had happened.
It was later ascertained that the incident was committed by Li Xiqing, the company commander of the Duan Jintang Regiment of the 258th Division under Liu Wanchun (who was Liu Wanchun's Ma Ben) and others. Under Dong Qiwu's order, Liu Wanchun had no choice but to send Duan Jintang to arrest Li Xiqing and be shot on the spot.
Fifth, smashing the newspaper hall. Because Suiyuan's "Struggle Daily" (Suiyuan Provincial Government Organ Daily) constantly published news about some liberated areas, criticized the corruption of the Kuomintang, and propagated the idea of peace and progress, it was regarded by the spies as a thorn in the side and a thorn in the flesh. They not only smashed the newspaper building, but also injured the staff. Later, it was ascertained that Liu Wanchun instructed his subordinate Zhao Yuande, chief of the Political Work Division of the 258th Division, to do it.
Sixth, Zhao Siwu, the head of the secret service of the Suiyuan Station of the Secret Bureau, instructed Kang Yuxi, the head of the railway section (special agent of the military command), to destroy the locomotive and bridge, but he failed to succeed. Seventh, Wu Yumei, the leader of the major team who mastered the techniques of blasting and assassination, was sent to Rose Yingzi Town, Liangcheng County, to assassinate General Lu Zhengcao. Later, he sent others to carry out assassination missions, but only tried a few times without success.
Eighth, Guo Peiyuan of the Zhao Siwu Armed Einsatzgruppen led a squad of more than a dozen people to lurk in Zhuozishan County, China's liberated area, to collect our intelligence and carry out sabotage activities in the name of opening a mill. Except for a few people who were left to deal with the grinding of noodles every day, most of the members of this special team were wandering around to inquire about the situation. They looted all the goods consigned from Jining to Liangcheng by our Liangcheng Cooperative, plundered the goods transported from Jining to Taolin County, and also robbed the Rose Yingzi Cooperative and injured people. There were originally 11 members of the team, and one of them ran away if they didn't want to do it, and they were assassinated because they found that their minds were a little shaken. The remaining 8 people continued to move. When they finally killed an accomplice named Zhang Lin in Erdaowan Village, Fengzhen County (Zhang Lin was a person whose internal thinking began to waver), the Suiyuan Provincial Public Security Department wiped out this spy organization lurking in Zhuozishan County, our liberated area, according to this murder clue.
Dying
When the Suiyuan uprising was about to be completed, the Kuomintang government in Guangzhou, which "opened the capital of Guangzhou," learned that Fu Zuoyi had left Beiping and came to Suiyuan on 23 August. Recently, I heard that he should go to Suiyuan against the back, trying to incite the troops to surrender to the bandits, and assassinate them on the spot, and this bureau should have a heavy reward. On the other hand, Chiang Kai-shek, who had already "retreated," went to Chongqing and sent a telegram to Fu Zuoyi, saying: "This return to Sui is just like when I returned to Nanjing from Xi'an. Because of the difference in one thought, in order to cast the great mistake of today's danger, we must accept the lesson, do not mistake ourselves, the country, and our subordinates...... I hope that my brother will return to Chongqing as soon as he sees the words and discuss the country's situation. At the same time, Xu Yongchang, the minister of military command (both a fellow villager and an old friend of Fu Zuoyi), flew to Baotou again on September 15 with a letter from him, Li Zongren, and Yan Xishan, inviting Fu Zuoyi to Guangzhou to continue to serve the reactionaries. Fu Zuoyi said: The Kuomintang has lost the support of the people, its defeat is a foregone conclusion, and no force can save it, even if I go to Guangzhou, there is nothing I can do. When he learned that Fu Zuoyi was going to attend the Political Consultative Conference held in Beiping on September 21, he thought: "Anyway, if I don't leave, it will be inconvenient for you to revolt." Fu Zuoyi was a little worried, Xu Yongchang did not leave, it would undoubtedly bring trouble to the uprising, and this was not a big mistake? So he discussed with Deng Baoshan, Li Shijie, the former chief of staff of the Fu Department, and a few others, and asked Deng Baoshan to meet Xu Yongchang. Deng Baoshan went to see Xu Yongchang on September 18 and said: "Why are you sick? Chairman Dong arranged for you to be hospitalized for recuperation, and asked you to lead the Suiyuan uprising and not go back." After the uprising, let's go to Beiping to meet Chairman Mao. Xu Yongchang was stunned when he heard this, and immediately realized that Dong Qiwu wanted to put him under house arrest, and said repeatedly: "It doesn't matter if I'm sick, it doesn't matter." I don't know the Communist Party yet, so I will get up tomorrow morning and not get in the way of your affairs. But when Xu Yongchang got on the plane, he still unwillingly said to the people who saw him off: "See you in three years!" Before Fu Zuoyi came to Suiyuan, the anti-communist diehards and spies in Suiyuan deceived the masses and spread rumors, saying that "it is unreliable to talk about peace with the Communist Party, Fu Zuoyi has been imprisoned by the Communist Party after the uprising, and Fu Zuoyi has fled from Beiping to the Kuomintang in Guangzhou" and so on. This has caused some unclear military and political personnel to have concerns. As soon as Fu Zuoyi appeared in Suiyuan, these rumors were self-defeating, and many people dispelled their scruples and decided to take the road of uprising. Some diehards saw that the general trend had gone and that the people were wanting, and they also accepted Fu Zuoyi's advice and agreed to the uprising.
Inside attack
During the entire process of the peace talks, the underground workers of our party always followed the instructions of the higher-level leaders, kept abreast of and grasped the enemy's dynamics and plan of action, and were able to report every situation to the higher-level leaders in a timely manner, so that every plan of the enemy fell through. Our party's underground work has a good foundation, and there are a total of 133 people in the Suiyuan military and political departments, the Central Unification Committee, and the military unification secret service organs, of which there are 4 chief and deputy regiment heads, 5 provincial government secretaries, 2 provincial unified and dispatch section chiefs, 2 deputy county magistrates, 1 head of the Suiyuan group of the secret station, and 5 secretaries of the police and constitutional departments. As a result, most of the party, government, military, and special intelligence in Suiyuan can be grasped in a timely manner. The vast majority of this information was also reported in a timely manner, and those who did not have time to report it were promptly conveyed to General Dong Qiwu through the internal line to take preventive measures.
"919" Suiyuan Peaceful Uprising
After the death of Comrade Wang Shixin of the liaison office, our underground intelligence station wrote a warning letter to the principal responsible persons of the party, government, military, and special forces in Suiyuan (including Dong Qiwu, Sun Lanfeng, Liu Wanchun, Zhang Qin, and others). The gist of the warning letter is to warn them to conduct peace talks honestly, not to play duplicity, and not to be so-called "radishes that are white on the inside and red on the outside." There is a limit to patience, if the Wang Shixin incident happens again, you will be responsible for all the consequences, and all the insiders will send all the letters to their desks in one night. Two days later, at the meeting, Sun Lanfeng said: "The Communist Party is so powerful that it put the letter warning me Sun Lanfeng on my desk. "The other leaders at the meeting said: We have received such a letter as well. Dong Qiwu said: "Everyone should be cautious and don't mess around, because we are in peace talks, and whether the talks are successful or not can not do anything out of line, this is related to the personality of Mr. Fu Zuoyi and me, which is different from fighting on the battlefield." From then on, Liu Wanchun and others did not dare to be so arrogant anymore. At the same time, our underground workers have also been active in writing warning letters to Zhao Siwu, the head of the special service of the Central Military Command, Pan Xiuren, and others, asking them to honestly assist Mr. Dong Qiwu in doing some work that is beneficial to the peace talks, and to win the understanding and leniency of the people's government, pointing out that this is also a good opportunity and the only way out for them to make up for their mistakes; if you continue to fan the flames of the evil wind and set up ghosts, spread rumors, and engage in sabotage activities, there will be no good end in the future; We keep an account of every move, so I hope you will do more good things and less bad things, and the future accounts will be settled. In short, in the whole process of the peace talks, the enemy's sabotage activities have hit walls everywhere and failed everywhere, but our countermeasures and measures have been effective and have played a role in promoting and defending the peace talks.
The uprising was successful
As early as when Suiyuan began peace talks, Zhao Siwu, the head of the military command's spies, had been preparing to assassinate Fu Zuoyi and Dong Qiwu in accordance with the instructions of Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Renfeng, but he never had a chance to do so. This time, Fu Zuoyi personally came to Suiyuan to do the work of a peaceful uprising, and they felt that the opportunity to start had come, otherwise there would be no more chance.
According to the original arrangement, a meeting will be held at the Baotou Flour Mill on September 19 to hold a signing ceremony for the peaceful uprising. After Zhao Siwu learned the news, he asked the spies to make the final preparations for the assassination of Fu Zuoyi and Dong Qiwu: one of the explosives experts in the spies was in charge, preparing to assassinate with submachine guns, pistols, grenades and bombs, and if not, let an outlaw carry an explosive bag into the venue and die with the people attending the meeting. On the evening of the 18th, after receiving the information that Zhao Siwu had assassinated Fu Zuoyi and Dong Qiwu and blew up the venue, our underground staff members did not have time to report to their superiors due to the urgency of time, so they immediately arranged an internal line around Dong Qiwu (Dong Qiwu's confidential secretary Jia Yinsheng, alias Yuan Xiufen) through our party, asking Dong Qiwu to take emergency measures in time. After Dong Qiwu learned the information, he made arrangements overnight and secretly moved the venue to the auditorium of the Baotou Branch of the Suiyuan Provincial Bank.
Early in the morning of the 19th, after Fu Zuoyi and Dong Qiwu sent Xu Yongchang on the plane and left, they were directly transferred to the Baotou branch of the Provincial Bank. After taking the necessary precautions, inform the participants to come to the bank for a meeting as soon as possible. This sudden transfer, even Liu Wanchun and others didn't know when and why Fu Zuoyi and Dong Qiwu transferred, and it caught the spies off guard. When the people waiting at the flour mill to attend the meeting drove out of the flour mill in several cars, the spies stared at the car and prepared to stab the car, but they did not see the shadows of Fu Zuoyi and Dong Qiwu at all. At this time, the spies did not give up, and followed the meeting to the bank auditorium, ready to wait for the opportunity to assassinate. As a result, due to the strict arrangement inside and outside the venue, only those who had been notified of the signing of the peaceful uprising were allowed to enter, and no one else was allowed to enter, so only the participants in the meeting, their personal secretaries, and personal guards were allowed to enter the entire venue. Dong Qiwu's guard officer also ordered the guard troops: As long as anyone makes trouble, those who disobey will be shot on the spot after being dissuaded. The spies were in vain, and they all walked away.
At the meeting venue, 38 military and political cadres from Suiyuan headed by Dong Qiwu and representatives from all walks of life in the local area (there was also one person, Sun Lanfeng, who was in the hospital, signed after the meeting), and after signing the telegram on the uprising, they sent a telegram to Chairman Mao Zedong, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, Nie Rongzhen, commander of the North China Military Region, and Bo Yibo, political commissar, announcing that they would break away from Chiang Kai-shek and other "remnants of the reactionary clique and insist on going to the side of the people."
The success of the "919" uprising marked the peaceful liberation of Suiyuan. The "Suiyuan method" creatively put forward by the CPC Central Committee and Chairman Mao played a unique exemplary role in the areas that had not yet been liberated in the whole country at that time, and this had a positive and far-reaching impact on speeding up the process of liberating the whole country and building a new China.
Excerpt from: Yan Shenghai's book "919" Suiyuan Peaceful Uprising
Pan Jiwen is an underground revolutionary of the CCP in Suimeng......
Reprinted from: Editorial Board of Literature and History