Text/Bohua
Mr. Lu Xun, a generation of writers, as a first-class article in the history of modern Chinese literature, is very serious in the exchanges between everyone and friends. Although he helped and promoted many talented young literati during his lifetime, and left behind a period of good stories in the literary world, among all the people who interacted with Mr. Lu Xun, I am afraid that none of them won his appreciation and trust as the famous leader of our party, Qu Qiubai. Before his death, Mr. Lu Xun gave Qu Qiubai such a painting to describe the relationship and friendship between the two: "It is enough to have a confidant in life, and the world should treat it with the same heart." What kind of personality charm did Qu Qiubai use to make Mr. Lu Xun, a literati with an appearance and coldness, suddenly let go of the temperature of life, and with the innocence of the literati, he interacted with Qiubai, and finally became a year-old friend in spirit and life, and gave selfless care and help to Qu Qiubai before and after his death, which can be said to be a very rare thing in Mr. Lu Xun's short life.
Anyone who is familiar with the history of the Communist Party of China knows that Qu Qiubai was one of the few outstanding literati and great talents in the early history of the Communist Party of China. This weak scholar from the water town in the south of the Yangtze River and with a graceful demeanor, but contrary to the unique scholarly anger of Chinese literati, he threw himself into the rolling torrent of the Chinese revolution without hesitation, and still used his weak shoulders to provoke the important task of awakening the national awakening in that bloody era. After the May Fourth Movement, he came to the Soviet Union, the hometown of socialism, alone to experience and understand the socialist revolution in Russia, and met with Lenin, the father of the Russian socialist revolution, and a large number of important Soviet political figures.
He joined the Communist Party in Moscow and wrote a large number of newsletters as a journalist, reporting the real situation in the Soviet Union after the October Revolution to the country, and became a pioneer in the press to report on the Soviet Russian Revolution. Although he was full of wealth and talent, the bookish temperament of traditional Chinese literati made him a little incapable in the face of the sinister and difficult environment of the bloody political arena, so his short political career was always full of ups and downs. Throughout Qiubai's short life, people always feel that he has outstanding contributions and achievements that will be admired by future generations, as well as sadness and helplessness that will make future generations sigh. As a literati, in the complex and changeable politics and cruel historical reality, Qiubai seems too simple and naïve, and he has never been a master of political struggle and difficult revolutionary practice, let alone swaying freely on the political stage.
He always looked at the bloody violence of the revolution with a very kind scholarly wish, which was bound to appear naïve in the practice of the revolution. The path to politics may have been a wrong choice for him who was full of artistic talent, however, he preferred literature and art, but history did not allow him to gallop on the stage of literature. From presiding over the landmark 87 Conference in the history of the CPC in 1927 to presiding over the Third Plenary Session of the Sixth CPC Central Committee in 1930 and correcting Li Lisan's left-leaning adventurist mistakes, he can be said to have made tremendous contributions to the development of the party to the best of his ability. Although he also made the mistake of being left-leaning and blindly moving, the root cause of his mistake was that he did not have a deep enough understanding of China's complex social reality and naively used Marxist dogma to guide the practice of the Chinese revolution.
It was his innate literati temperament that was too heavy and naïve in his view of problems that led him to be dismissed from the central leadership position in October 1931 after being severely attacked by Wang Ming's line and political persecution. Although at this time, he had already made great achievements in literature. He is obsessed with literary and artistic theories, and there is a lush artistic tree growing in the depths of his heart, and he likes to use the pen in his hand to eulogize those new things, enthusiastically praise the morning sun, and his heart is stirring with those passionate words.
In the process of the demise of the old era and the replacement of the new era, there were not many young generals in China who could engage in literary creation with such enthusiasm and energy. He felt the fate of the nation and the call of the times, and his sentimental heart and extraordinary talent naturally made him have considerable achievements in the literary world, so that there should be a constellation belonging to Qu Qiubai in the sky of modern Chinese literature after the May Fourth Movement, but unfortunately, this star did not shine as it should have due due due to political reasons.
In the summer and autumn of 1931, Lu Xun, who was trapped in the isolated island of Shanghai, was holding high the banner of essays, leading a group of young literati who were devoted to literature, sticking to the cultural position of the "Left Alliance". Who would have thought that literature would cover the bloody butcher's knife with a mysterious and elegant coat, and that literature is a tool for expressing the sexual spirit, but it has become a weapon of struggle and a vassal of politics, and politics tests people's character. In the course of the struggle, some were killed, others retreated, and others "threw themselves into the enemy's stronghold and gnawed at the bones of their brothers." Perhaps, just like those heroes who are good at fighting on the battlefield, after the battle, looking at the corpses on the battlefield, the scene of blood flowing all over the ground, and the loneliness brought about by the death-like silence often arises spontaneously. Fighters without an opponent are the saddest.
Lu Xun is a fighter, but he can't escape this loneliness in the commonality of human beings. Just when Lu Xun fell into spiritual depression and depression, Qu Qiubai knocked on Mr. Lu Xun's door, and the two pairs of big hands finally shook together historically and dramatically. In the sinister political environment of "changing the banner of the king at the head of the city" and "enduring to see his peers become new ghosts" every day, Lu Xun stood up for Qiubai without hesitation, helped him financially, took care of him in life, and even let Qiubai take refuge in his own home to avoid the pursuit of reactionaries. Thinking about it today, what courage and courage it takes, and what a great risk it takes! No wonder Mao Zedong commented that "Lu Xun's bones are the hardest, and he does not have the slightest servile face and flattering bones." This is indeed reasonable.
Lu Xun happily wrote the famous couplet to Qiubai as a gift to Qiubai during this time: "It is enough to have a confidant in life, and the world should treat it with the same heart." It can be seen that Lu Xun's admiration for this friend is really extraordinary. In the world, there are many friends who "share joys and sorrows", and there are few friends who "share weal and woe", and Lu Xun can be regarded as a person who can "share weal and woe" with his friends. As for Qiubai, in the letters he wrote to Lu Xun in the future, he also affectionately expressed his nostalgia for the friendship that Lu Xun gave him: "We are such close people, people who are so close when we don't meet." Their friendship stories have also become classics in the history of friendship, and are often indispensable examples in those articles about friendship.
In October 1935, when only half a year after the Red Army's Long March, Qu Qiubai fell into the hands of the enemy in Jiangxi, and his arrest was by Song Xilian, the commander of the 36th Division of the Kuomintang, who in turn was a student he had personally educated when he was engaged in education in Shanghai. History is often very funny, on the one hand, it is the teacher who advises the students to become the pillars of the country, and on the other hand, the students use shackles to imprison the teacher's freedom. So, the student gave him the rites of teacher and student and persuaded him to give up the idea of the Communist Party, but Qiubai was unmoved, and wrote "Superfluous Words" in prison frankly and elegantly to confess his heart. For the pursuit of his own beliefs, Qiubai is unswerving. The stubbornness of a scholar made the powerful tremble, and Chiang Kai-shek angrily gave the order to "shoot on the spot".
There are many strong men, high rollers, heroes, righteous people, and even scoundrels in history, no matter what they have done in their lives, some of the "feats" at the time of death are indeed remarkable, but none of them are as calm, frank and upright, and calm as Qiubai. The degree of its calmness is evidenced by the record of "Ta Kung Pao" in Shanghai in 1935: "The whole garden is silent, and the birds stop moaning. Walking to the front of the pavilion, he has seen four dishes of dishes, an urn of wine, he sits on it alone, drinks by himself, talks and laughs freely, and his expression is the same. After reading these words, it can be seen that the writer also has a deep admiration for the deceased. People should have faith when they live, although Qiubai is not suitable for politics, he still calmly died for the doctrine and faith in his heart. seems to be a weak scholar, but he has bones that are harder than steel.
A talented man, for the sake of pure faith, resolutely gave up his life pursuit and died generously. The ending was too heroic. Looking back at human history, there are many heroes with backbone, and there are not a few renegades who have no backbone. Qu Qiubai threw himself into the revolution as a scholar, and although he did not gallop across the battlefield and fought to the death, he used his inner righteousness to prove to his enemies the incomparably powerful spiritual aura of a true revolutionary. However, when he walked to the execution ground, he seemed to feel that he still had something to leave to the world, so with the help of the words he was good at, he left a "superfluous words" to the world he once loved.
In this masterpiece, he unmistakably expresses his weariness with politics, and as an anatomy of the soul, he is depressed by the twists and turns of his political path and the unrealizability of his literary ambitions, so he writes a final spiritual monologue. It is these words that express his true thoughts in life that make people see a noble and pure Qu Qiubai from the perspective of human nature, and it is these words that allow people with ulterior motives to pull him from a glorious revolutionary martyr into the ranks of traitors. The same Qiubai, because of this "Superfluous Words", after death, the two heavens of ice and fire present two completely different situations in the eyes of people. Whenever I think of Qiubai, my feelings are extremely complicated.
It is difficult for me to associate the image of a personable scholar with the image of a revolutionary with a strong temperament. But these two images are concentrated on Qu Qiubai alone, and at the moment of the end of his life, the innocence of the literati came to the revelation of Akagi again, which made people, especially people with ulterior motives, doubt his image as a revolutionary. Is it doubtful that a professional revolutionary who has not betrayed himself in the face of the enemy's butcher's knife and who has generously died on his verge of death reveals his inner anguish and makes the world understand his true state of mind?
If there is no "superfluous words" left behind, Qu Qiubai's martyr image may be higher and more perfect, as a professional revolutionary Qu Qiubai also knows this, but he still disregards his personal reputation to leave a true confession of his true heart to future generations, through these words we see Qu Qiubai's true temperament, he does not tend to be inflammatory, not pretentious, not whitewashed, not sophisticated, his personality is noble and precious, and the true temperament of Chinese literati has been fully demonstrated in these words. Whenever I think of Qiubai, there is always a bit of poignancy in my heart. Poignant memories, a touch of melancholy. Qiubai, a literati who embraced society with true feelings and faced reality, did not get people's true understanding and sincere face after his death, which cannot but be a kind of sadness for those of us who came after him. The people are gone, but the spirit is always there!
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