In the history of the mainland, there have been incidents of invasion of China by the Eight-Nation Alliance, and these eight major countries are: the British Empire, the United States of America, the French Third Republic, the German Empire, the Russian Empire, the Japanese Empire, the Kingdom of Italy, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The current "Group of Seven (Canada, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan and the United States)" abbreviated as the "G7" has the shadow of the eight-nation alliance in it, and Russia has been excluded from the "G7" because it is sanctioned by the United States.
Due to the weakness and incompetence of the Qing government, the Eight-Nation Coalition signed the "Xinchou Treaty" with the Qing government, according to which the Qing government paid 450 million taels of silver to the foreign powers, plus interest for a total of 980 million taels of silver. It is said that at that time, China's population was 450 million, and each person paid one or two taels of silver to the great powers as punishment, and its purpose was to humiliate China.
British Empire
The "British Empire" is now the United Kingdom (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), an early European colonial country that established large colonies around the world at that time. The East India Company, established by the British, was notorious for selling opium and plundered wealth around the world. The British Empire was also the first European country to provoke the Sino-British Opium War, and in 1900, when the Eight-Nation Coalition invaded China, Britain also participated, sending 8 warships to China at that time, 2020 marines, and 10,000 army troops.
Queen Victoria, British Empire
At the beginning of the 20th century, the British Empire reached its peak, after World War I, its international status was replaced by the United States. In 2019, the UK had a population of approximately 66 million and a total GDP of 3.02 trillion, ranking seventh in the world in terms of GDP, with a per capita GDP of $42,300. Today, life in Britain is vibrant, and the colonial plunders of the past have definitely contributed a lot of wealth.
United States of America
The "United States of America" is now the United States, which is a country of immigrants with a short history of founding and was established by the British American colonies. The United States itself is a victim of the colonies, but at the same time an accomplice. In 1900, when the Eight-Nation Coalition invaded China, the United States sent two warships, 295 marines and 3,125 troops. Avoiding the main battlefields of World War I and World War II, the United States gradually replaced Britain in the global arena. At present, the United States is the only superpower in the world, with the world's largest GDP, reaching 21.41 trillion yuan in 2019 and a per capita GDP of 65,300 US dollars.
French Third Republic
The "French Third Republic" was the predecessor of what is now France (French Republic), which was established in 1870 after the fall of the Second French Empire. France was the second largest colonial empire in the world after Britain, and the second most powerful country in Europe before Germany was reunified. In European history, Britain and France have long competed for European hegemony, and European history has been dominated by these two countries for a long time.
In 1900, when the Eight-Nation Coalition invaded China, France also participated in it and sent 5 warships to China, 390 marines and 3,130 army. In 2019, France had a population of 67 million and a total GDP of $3.06 trillion, ranking sixth in the world in terms of GDP and $40,500 per capita.
German Empire
The "German Reich" was what is now Germany (Federal Republic of Germany), and Germany was the main initiator of World War I and World War II. Before 1871, Germany had not yet been reunified, and after the reunification, Germany's comprehensive strength soon surpassed that of Britain, ranking first in Europe, second only to the United States at that time, and firmly occupying the second place in the world. Since Germany was a rising star and was contained by Britain and France, in order to break this situation, Germany provoked two world wars.
German Empire
In 1900, Germany participated in the invasion of China by the Eight-Nation Alliance, and at that time sent 5 warships to China, 600 marines and 300 troops. In 2019, Germany's total GDP was $4.42 trillion, ranking fourth in the world, with a per capita GDP of $46,300.
Russian Empire
The "Russian Empire" was the predecessor of what is now Russia (Russian Federation), which is currently the largest country in the world and first developed from a principality. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia, as a member state, inherited most of the Soviet Union's military power and had the world's largest arsenal of nuclear weapons. In the world military rankings, Russia still ranks second, second only to the United States.
In 1900, when the Eight-Nation Coalition invaded China, Russia sent 10 warships, 750 marines, and 12,400 troops. In 2019, Russia's total GDP was $1.69 trillion, ranking 11th in the world, with a GDP of $11,600.
Empire of Japan
In the sequence of the Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China, Japan was the only Asian country. Japan was once a vassal state of China's Central Plains Dynasty and has always paid tribute to China. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan was completely westernized, its economy took off, and its military strength soon surpassed that of the Qing government at that time. During the First Sino-Japanese War, he was ravaged by Japan. When the Eight-Nation Coalition invaded China, Japan dispatched the largest number of warships and troops, and it was also the most active country.
Emperor Meiji
In 1900, Japan dispatched 20 warships, 540 marines and 20,300 army. In 2019, Japan's total GDP was $4.97 trillion, ranking 3rd in the world, and its per capita GDP was $40,200, ranking 33rd in the world.
Kingdom of Italy
The "Kingdom of Italy" is the predecessor of today's Italy (Italian Republic), from which ancient Rome was born, and its capital, Rome, has been the center of Western civilization for centuries. During World War II, Italy joined the fascist Axis powers along with Germany and Japan, provoking World War II. In 1900, when the Eight-Nation Coalition invaded China, Italy sent 2 warships, 80 marines and 5 army. In 2019, Italy's total GDP was $2.07 trillion, ranking 8th in the world, and its GDP per capita was $33,200, ranking 35th in the world.
Austro-Hungarian Empire
The "Austro-Hungarian Empire" was an empire formed by the merger of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary, and the territory of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was the second largest in Europe at that time, after Europe. After the dissolution of the empire, it was divided into two European states, Austria (Republic of Austria) and Hungary. In 2019, Austria's GDP totaled $446.081 billion, Hungary's total GDP amounted to $160.967 billion, and the combined GDP of the two countries was about $600 billion. With a GDP per capita of 50,300, Austria ranks 20th in the world per capita, higher than the United Kingdom, Germany and France. Hungary has a GDP per capita of $16,500 and ranks 63rd in the world in terms of GDP per capita.
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