In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, a number of literati painters rose in Suzhou, among which Tang Yin and Shen Zhou, Wen Zhengming and Qiu Ying were known as the "Four Great Masters of Wumen" by later generations, who carried forward the tradition of Yuan Dynasty painting and expressed the elegant life interest of the literati, each with its own characteristics in painting. Different from Shen Zhou's imposing and WenZhengming style of Ning Xin, Tang Yin's paintings are very elegant, and the conception is careful, paying more attention to the expression of subjective emotions, with a unique appeal, treasured in the Shanghai Museum's "Autumn Wind Fan Diagram", it is such a touching picture.
The picture of "Autumn Wind Fan Diagram" is very simple, a beautiful woman stands in front of the slope in meditation, holding a tuan fan in her hand. The top left corner is titled with a poem with an unsincorporated meaning: "Autumn comes to the fan collection, what is the beauty of the sentimentality; please look at the world in detail, most of them do not chase the heat and cold." ”
The Tang Bohu that people are familiar with is a talented Jiangnan man who is a gentleman, but in fact he is a Luotuo literati who has never met a talent and has experienced ups and downs.
The most unfortunate one was when he was thirty years old, when tang yin and Xu Jing went to Beijing together to enter the military. At that time, Fu Han in the imperial court wanted to seize the position of attendant of the chief examiner Cheng Minzheng's ceremonial department, and the household department gave The Matter Zhonghua Chang a catch of the wind and shadows, accusing Cheng Minzheng of betraying the test questions to Xu Jing, and Tang Yin also suffered injustice, was arrested and tortured by Jinyiwei, and was sentenced to a fine of atonement for his crimes, and sent to a foreign country to become an "official". Although he resisted by refusing to be an "official," the door to being an official was already closed in front of him. Tang Yin exhausted his family property, his wife divorced, and what made him even more sad was that he was ridiculed and despised by many people who did not ask the truth.
Knowing Tang Yin's life experience, it is not difficult for us to understand the connotation of this painting.
The beauty in "Autumn Wind Fan Diagram" is Ban Jieyu, who is talented and beautiful in the Western Han Dynasty. She was once favored by Emperor Hancheng, who later favored Zhao Feiyan, who was a demon, and listened to Zhao Feiyan's rumors and abandoned her. Ban Jieyu used the autumn fan as a metaphor for herself, and this is how the idiom of "autumn fan donation" comes from. (Note: The author Xu Kaiyang, Jing Yi Weng, is a member of the China Collectors Association.) ）
Tang Bohu used the smooth lines of the clouds and the flow of water, a few strokes, to draw Ban Jieyu's beautiful face and confused eyes, and then used the reed-like, leaf-like strong lines to draw her delicate figure and indifferent and quiet temperament, the ink was elegant and elegant, in one go. The fluttering of the clothes shows the autumn breeze, the square hard brushstrokes symbolize the unevenness in the heart of the beauty, and the tuan fan leaning on the shoulder makes people feel the pressure of the wind. All these ideas and artistic treatments are tightly wrapped around the theme of "Autumn Fan Donation". He placed the lonely lady on the slope slope tilted backwards, and the old bamboo leaves made of dry ink swayed in the wind, and the weathered stones stained with light ink made the picture even more desolate. Tang Bohu vividly portrayed Ban Jieyu's appearance and emotions with the stroke of god, and this artistic image is also the symbol of the painter himself.
Tang Yin, who had a bitter pain in the world, described the theme of "the donation of autumn fans" more than once. He also painted a "Banji Tuan Fan Diagram", and the simple apse was also full of loneliness and desolation. The figures in this painting are blank behind them, making people feel that the world is indifferent and the heavens and the earth are empty.
The poem he inscribed on the painting bluntly poured out the unfairness in his heart. However, he used two rhetorical questions, "what is the matter" and "who is not", but it seems to contain the meaning of "it has always been like this" and "why should it be so sad". After enduring hardships, Tang Bohu believed in Buddhism and named himself "Six Ru Laymen". He saw through the hot and cold world, and his heart was both helpless and a little detached.
The painting has three seals of "outside the party", "the place where the heart meets", "the first in the dragon and tiger list, and the drunk in the fireworks team", which contains life beliefs such as life after getting rid of the shackles of fame and fortune, and seeking spiritual sustenance in art. The beauty symbolizes the artist himself being abandoned; the poetry indicates that abandonment is not worthy of sadness; the seal further expresses the mind and reflects self-esteem, and the calligraphy also shows his temperament.
This work contrasts with poems, books, paintings and prints, and supports Tang Bohu's personality, temperament and artistic talent in many ways. (Note: The author Xu Kaiyang, Jing Yi Weng, is a member of the China Collectors Association.) ）
(Jing Yi Weng talks about collection [2] Collection Fun Facts No. 4: Touching Tang Yin Paintings)