The 2022 Statistical Monitoring Report on the Programme for the Development of Chinese Women (2021-2030) was released

Statistical monitoring report on the 2022 Programme for the Development of Chinese Women (2021-2030).

National Bureau of Statistics December 2023

In order to comprehensively reflect the implementation process of the Programme for the Development of Chinese Women (2021-2030) (hereinafter referred to as the "Outline"), the National Bureau of Statistics conducted a comprehensive analysis of the implementation progress in 2022 from eight areas, including women's health, education, economy, decision-making and management, social security, family construction, environment, and law, based on the statistical monitoring indicator system of the Programme and data from relevant departments. The results show that the overall implementation of the 2022 Outline is progressing smoothly, with women's health and education levels continuing to improve, social security levels continuously improving, labor rights and interests protection further strengthened, and women's rights and interests legal protection system continuously improved.

1. Women and health

(1) The level of maternal health continues to improve. Efforts have been made to promote the construction of a healthy China, maternal and child health promotion actions, continue to improve the maternal and child health service system, and continuously improve the level of maternal health. In 2022, the maternal mortality rate was 15.7 per 100,000, 2.5% lower than in 2021. The urban maternal mortality rate was 14.3 per 100,000, a decrease of 7.1 percent, and the rural maternal mortality rate was 16.6 per 100,000, basically the same as in 2021.

(2) Basic health care services throughout the entire childbirth process have been continuously strengthened. The "Maternal and Infant Safety Action Improvement Plan (2021-2025)" has been implemented in depth, and the coverage of maternal health services has been further expanded. In 2022, the rate of premarital medical examination was 74.8%, an increase of 3.9 percentage points over 2021, the rate of systematic maternal management and prenatal screening was 93.6% and 88.7%, respectively, an increase of 0.7 and 3.0 percentage points, respectively, the rate of hospital delivery of pregnant women remained at 99.9%, and the rate of postpartum visits was 96.5%, an increase of 0.5 percentage points.

(3) Mother-to-child transmission of HIV has been steadily declining. Formulate and implement the Action Plan for the Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis B (2022-2025) to promote the establishment of a new model of services for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission. In 2022, the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV was 3.0%, 0.3 percentage points lower than in 2021. The antiretroviral drug rates of HIV-infected pregnant women and children were 98.7 per cent and 99.6 per cent, respectively, an increase of 1.2 and 0.1 percentage points, respectively.

Women and education

(1) Gender disparities have been basically eliminated in compulsory education. Actively promote the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education, vigorously promote the improvement of weak links in compulsory education and the enhancement of capacity, and ensure that girls receive fair and high-quality compulsory education on an equal footing. In 2022, the net enrolment rate for girls of primary school age and for boys of primary school age was 99.9 per cent, with virtually no gender gap. There were 74.089 million female students enrolled in the nine-year compulsory education stage, an increase of 420,000 over 2021, accounting for 46.7% of the total number of students, basically the same as in 2021.

(2) Women's equal access to high school education[1] has been consolidated. We will further implement the Action Plan for the Development and Improvement of County-level Ordinary High Schools during the 14th Five-Year Plan, expand the resources of county-level ordinary high schools, promote the popularization of high school education, and increase the opportunities for women to receive high school education. In 2022, there were 21.177 million female students enrolled in high school education, accounting for 46.7% of all students, which was basically the same as in 2021. Among them, 13.53 million female students are enrolled in regular high schools, an increase of 448,000 over 2021, accounting for 49.9% of regular high school students, and the ratio of men and women remains basically balanced.

(3) The number of women receiving various types of vocational education has increased. The implementation of the Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of China and the Opinions on Deepening the Construction and Reform of the Modern Vocational Education System have vigorously promoted the diversified development of vocational education, and the number of female students in various types of vocational education has increased. In 2022, 7.507 million were female students enrolled in secondary vocational education[2], an increase of 241,000 over 2021, accounting for 42.1% of the total number of students, an increase of 0.3 percentage points. Female students in higher vocational colleges increased by 434,000 to 7.915 million, accounting for 46.7% of the students, the same as in 2021.

(4) The ratio of men and women in higher education is basically balanced. The level of popularization of higher education has been further improved, and women's right to receive higher education has been strongly guaranteed. In 2022, there were 29.033 million female students enrolled in higher education, an increase of 1.225 million over 2021, accounting for 50.0% of the enrolled students, with a balanced ratio of men and women. Among them, 1,871,000 were female graduate students, accounting for 51.2% of all graduate students, and 18,312,000 and 5,314,000 were female students, accounting for 50.0% and 56.9% of the total undergraduate students.

(5) The gender gap in the level of scientific literacy has gradually narrowed. The "Opinions on Further Strengthening the Popularization of Science and Technology in the New Era" has been issued and implemented to promote the optimization and improvement of the scientific literacy construction system, accelerate the improvement of citizens' scientific literacy, and narrow the gap between men and women in scientific literacy. In 2022, the gender gap in scientific literacy [4] was 3.8 percentage points, a decrease of 0.5 percentage points from 2020 [5].

Women and the economy

(1) The proportion of women in the whole society is stable at more than 40%. We have thoroughly implemented the strategy of giving priority to employment, taken multiple measures to stabilize and expand jobs, resolutely prevented and corrected employment discrimination, and effectively protected women's employment rights and interests. In 2022, there were 320 million female employees in the country, accounting for 43.2% of all employed persons. Among the employed persons in urban non-private units, 67.664 million were women, accounting for 40.5 percent.

(2) Labor protection and health protection for female employees have been strengthened. Thoroughly implement the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests and the Special Provisions on the Labor Protection of Female Employees, and carry out extensive publicity and education on labor safety and health, so that the legitimate rights and interests of female employees are effectively safeguarded, and their special rights and interests are effectively protected. In 2022, 72.9% of enterprises implemented the Special Provisions on Labor Protection for Female Employees[6], and 53.3% of female employees had occupational health literacy[7], 1.1 percentage points higher than that of men.

Fourth, women's participation in decision-making and management

(1) The training and selection of female cadres has been continuously strengthened. Attach importance to the training and selection of female cadres, pay attention to giving play to the important role of female cadres, and promote the steady improvement of women's participation in politics. In 2022, 11.2%, 15.2% and 13.5% of the leading groups of provincial, municipal and county-level government departments were staffed with full-time female cadres, an increase of 1.1, 1.2 and 1.2 percentage points respectively over 2021, while the proportion of female cadres in the leading groups of provincial, municipal and county-level government departments was 55.2%, 57.3% and 52.8%, respectively, an increase of 1.6, 1.6 and 2.0 percentage points.

(2) Women widely participate in enterprise decision-making and management. We will continue to deepen the reform of the company's personnel system, smooth the career development channels for female talents, and train and select outstanding women to enter the decision-making and management of enterprises. In 2022, 37.1% of employee directors and 40.8% of employee supervisors were women, an increase of 0.3 percentage points from 2021. The proportion of women in the workers' congress of enterprises is 30.3%.

(3) Women actively participate in grassroots social governance. Guide women to actively and orderly participate in democratic management and consultation at the grassroots level, and pay attention to the training and selection of female cadres at the grassroots level. In 2022, the proportion of women among the members and directors of neighborhood committees was 54.3% and 41.3%, respectively, which was basically the same as in 2021. The proportion of village committee members and village committee directors is 26.1 per cent and 10.9 per cent, respectively.

(4) Women play an important role in social organizations. Strengthen the cultivation of female professionals and managers of social organizations, emphasizing the discovery and training of female leaders of social organizations. In 2022, 41.5% of the employees of social organizations were women, an increase of 2.3 percentage points from 2021, and 26.7% of the heads of social organizations were women, the same as in 2021.

Women and social security

(1) The proportion of women participating in basic medical insurance has increased. Consolidate and improve the universal medical insurance and deepen the reform of the medical security system. At the end of 2022, 650 million women participated in basic medical insurance, accounting for 48.5% of all basic medical insurance participants, an increase of 0.2 percentage points from the end of 2021. Among them, 170 million women participated in the basic medical insurance for employees, an increase of 1.876 million, accounting for 47.8% of the total number of employees participating in the basic medical insurance. The number of women participating in the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents is 480 million, accounting for 48.8% of the total number of people participating in the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents.

(2) The number of women participating in basic pension insurance continues to increase. The old-age insurance system has been continuously improved, the coverage has been further expanded, and the number of women participating in the basic old-age insurance has been increasing. At the end of 2022, the number of women participating in basic old-age insurance nationwide was 510 million, an increase of 20.965 million from the end of 2021, of which 240 million and 270 million participated in the basic old-age insurance for urban workers and 270 million for urban and rural residents, an increase of 12.275 million and 8.691 million respectively.

(3) The coverage of women's maternity, unemployment and work-related injury insurance has been expanding. The "Guiding Opinions on Further Improving and Implementing Positive Childbirth Support Measures" have been issued and implemented, and maternity insurance premiums have been paid for those receiving unemployment insurance money, and work-related injury insurance and unemployment insurance should be fully guaranteed, so that all rights and interests of women have been protected. At the end of 2022, the number of women participating in maternity insurance was 108 million, an increase of 3.253 million from the end of 2021, the number of women participating in unemployment insurance was 99.492 million, an increase of 1.327 million, and the number of women participating in work-related injury insurance was 112 million, an increase of 5.828 million.

(4) The level of assistance for women in difficulty continues to increase. We will continue to strengthen the comprehensive protection of social assistance, continuously increase the extent of assistance, protection and protection for women in difficulty, and improve the level of protection for women in difficulty. In 2022, the per capita subsistence allowance standards for urban and rural areas were 752.3 yuan and 582.1 yuan per month, respectively, an increase of 5.7 percent and 9.8 percent over 2021, respectively, and 45.015 million urban and rural subsistence allowance recipients and extremely poor people were eligible for the subsistence allowance, of which 19.526 million were women, accounting for 43.4 percent, an increase of 0.2 percentage points.

6. Women and Family Building

(1) The intensity of marriage and family work continues to increase. Thoroughly implement the "Guiding Opinions on Strengthening Marriage and Family Counseling and Education in the New Era", strengthen and improve marriage and family counseling and education work, and guide the establishment and maintenance of equal, harmonious, and civilized marriage and family relations. As of the end of 2022, 50.8% of marriage registration institutions provided guidance on marriage and family services.

(2) The construction of family education and family style continues to advance. We will continue to deepen the construction of family civilization, thoroughly implement the "Family Happiness and Health Project", and cultivate a new trend of family civilization. In 2022, women's federations at all levels commended a total of 42,000 five-good families and recommended 1.668 million of the most beautiful families at all levels. Throughout the year, 113,000 lectures on family education and family style were held, with 62.438 million people directly participating.

Women and the environment

(1) The level of drinking water safety has been steadily improved. Strengthen the construction of rural water supply projects, comprehensively strengthen the standardization of centralized drinking water sources at and above the township level, and ensure the safety of drinking water in urban and rural areas. In 2022, 95.9% of cities at and above the prefecture level met the water quality compliance rate of centralized domestic drinking water sources, an increase of 1.7 percentage points over 2021, and the penetration rate of tap water in rural areas was 87.4%, an increase of 3.4 percentage points over 2021.

(2) The penetration rate of sanitary toilets in rural areas has continued to increase. We will thoroughly implement the Five-Year Action Plan for the Improvement of Rural Human Settlements (2021-2025), solidly promote the revolution of rural toilets, and make every effort to improve rural household toilets, and continuously improve the infrastructure of rural human settlements. By the end of 2022, the rural sanitation toilet coverage rate exceeded 73%, an increase of about 3 percentage points from the end of 2021.

Women and the Law

(1) Increase the force of efforts to prevent and stop domestic violence. Issuing and implementing the "Opinions on Strengthening the Implementation of the Personal Safety Protection Order System", refining and improving mechanisms for the discovery and linkage of domestic violence, to increase women's awareness of using judicial means to protect their lawful rights and interests. In 2022, 3,792 personal safety protection orders were issued against women.

(2) Resolutely crack down on illegal and criminal acts against women. Thoroughly implement the "China's Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking (2021-2030)", persisting in and improving long-term effective mechanisms for counter-trafficking efforts that integrate prevention, combat, rescue, placement, and rehabilitation. In 2022, the public security authorities launched a special campaign to crack down on the abduction and trafficking of women and children, cracking 970 cases of abduction and trafficking in women, 37,000 cases of rape, and 17,000 cases of organizing, coercing, enticing, accommodating, or brokering women into prostitution.

(3) The level of women's access to public legal services continues to increase. Continue to improve the national judicial aid system, effectively giving play to the functions and roles of women's federations in representing and safeguarding women's lawful rights and interests. By the end of 2022, there were 3,019 legal aid institutions and 72,000 legal aid work sites across the country. In 2022, 318,000 women received legal aid, and 45,000 women received judicial assistance from the people's courts, people's procuratorates and the judicial system. Women's federations at or above the county level have received 201,000 complaints from women and children.

Annotation:

[1] Senior secondary education includes general high school, general technical secondary school, adult technical secondary school, vocational high school, attached secondary vocational class, technical school, and secondary vocational department of the National Open University.

[2] Secondary vocational education includes general technical secondary schools, adult technical secondary schools, vocational high schools, attached secondary vocational classes and technical schools.

[3] Ordinary undergraduate and vocational undergraduate specialties include general undergraduate and vocational undergraduate specialties.

[4] Refers to the difference between the percentage of male citizens aged 18 to 69 who are scientifically literate and the percentage of female citizens aged 18 to 69 who are scientifically literate. Possessing scientific quality refers to advocating the spirit of science, establishing scientific thinking, mastering basic scientific methods, understanding the necessary scientific and technological knowledge, and having the ability to apply it to analyze and judge things and solve practical problems.

[5] In 2021, a sample survey of Chinese citizens' scientific literacy was not conducted.

[6] Refers to the proportion of the number of enterprises surveyed that have implemented the "four periods" of labor protection for female employees or the prohibition on the scope of work for female employees in the total number of enterprises surveyed.

[7] Refers to the proportion of female employees with basic occupational health literacy in the surveyed key industries of the secondary and tertiary industries. Criteria for determining basic occupational health literacy: Female employees in key industries in the secondary and tertiary industries surveyed who score 80% or more in the "National Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring Survey for Key Populations" are judged to have basic occupational health literacy.

2024

China Women's Daily, China Women's Movement

Source/Statistical WeChat News Editor-in-Charge/Cai Lengyue's Review/Yifan Producer/Zhifei