Guan Zhong: Mingyi Wu (名夷吾), Zi Zhong, Duke of Qi in the 33rd year (698 BC), who first assisted Gongzi Gui and competed with Gongzi Xiaobai for the throne. In the year 685 BC, Qi Huan was recommended by Bao Shuya to serve as minister of state and assist Duke Huan to become the head of the Spring and Autumn Five. On the internal reform of Daxing, the rich country and the strong army; the external Zun Wang Yi, the prince of Jiuhe, a Kuang Tianxia, was honored as "Zhongfu", and died of illness in the 41st year of Huan Gong (645 BC). Later generations honored it as "pipe".
Wei Gong: that is, the Duke of Qi Huan, the Song people avoided the Qin Emperor and changed Huan to "Wei". Xiao Bai , surnamed Lü of Jiang , the head of the Spring and Autumn Five Powers , together with duke Wen of Jin , known as "Qi Huan Jin Wen", reigned from 685 BC to 643 BC, and was the fifteenth monarch of the State of Qi with the surname of Jiang. Duke Huan fainted in his later years, and after Guan Zhong's death, he appointed Yi Ya, Shu Diao, Kaifang, Chang Zhiwu and other villains, and died of illness in 643 BC.
Guan Zhongxiang (xiàng) Wei Gong, the overlord prince, and the rǎng Yidi, who was rich and strong in the state of Qi, did not dare to rebel. Guan Zhong died, Shu Diao ( Chu Diao , Yi Ya , Kai Fang Yong , Huan Gong Xue ( hōng ) in chaos , the five princes quarreled , and its misfortune spread , And (qì ) Jian Gong , Qi Wuning was old.
1. Phase: Auxiliary; 2, Hegemony: as a verb, hegemony, commanding; 3, Shu: Exclusion, expulsion; Yidi: ancient called the Eastern tribes Yi, the northern tribes as Di, and later generally referred to as the ethnic groups except the Huaxia ethnic group; 4, the whole body: all the way to death; 5, Shu Diao: Qi Huan Gong's fortunate subject, he castrated himself in order to get close to Huan Gong; Yi Ya: also known as Yong Wu, good at cooking, in order to satisfy Huan Gong's taste of steamed babies, and steamed his son to give to Huan Gong; Kaifang: Originally a Prince of Wei, he abandoned his own country and parents to become an official in the State of Qi; 6, Xue: The zhou dynasty princes died called "Xue"; 7, the five princes: refers to the Gongzi Wu loss, Gongzi Yuan, Gongzi Pan, Gongzi Merchant, Gongzi Yong; before the Duke of Qi Huan's death, he had established Gongzi Zhao as the heir to the throne, that is, the later Duke Xiao of Qi, after the death of Duke Huan, these five princes all wanted to compete for the throne of Gongzi Zhao, thus causing chaos in the State of Qi; 8, Tong "up to", to; Jian Gong: that is, Qi Jian Gong, name Ren, reigned from 484 BC to 481 BC.
The accomplishment of fú's work, not on the day of its attainment, will have its beginnings, and the work of calamity, not on the day of its work, will also have its signs. Therefore, Qi Zhizhi also, I do not know Guan (guǎn) Zhong (zhòng), but Bao Uncle. And its chaos, I do not know vertical diao, easy teeth, open square, but guan Zhong. Why? The three sons of Shu Diao, Yi Ya, and Kai Fang, those who are solid and chaotic in the country, those who care about their use, Huan Gongye.
1, Fu: the word, used at the beginning of the sentence, plays the role of inducing the discussion; 2, the cause of the cause; 3, the cause of the sign: the sign of the appearance; the sign: the sign, the sign; 4, the rule: the opposite of "chaos", the meaning of stability; 5, Bao Uncle: that is, Bao Shuya, he and Guan Zhong are the best friends, known in history as "Guan Bao". At the beginning, he was the prince Of Xiao bai, Guan Zhong was the prince of The Tang, after Xiao Bai became the monarch, he ordered Uncle Bao to be the secretary, he resigned, and recommended Guan Zhong, and later the State of Qi gradually became stronger under the administration of Guan Zhong, becoming the overlord; 6, He Ze: Why; 7, Gu: Of course, it is true; 8, Gu: However.
Fu has Shun and then knows to release the four murderers, and there is Zhongni and then knows to go to Shao (shào) Zhengdi. Who is Pi Huan Gong? Gu Qi made Duke Huan use the third son, Guan Zhongye. Naka no Ichi (jí) also, the phase of the public question (xiàng). When it is, I intend to be right with the wise men of the world. And its words are just that: the three sons of Vertical Diao, Yi Ya, and Kaifang are inhumane and cannot be approached.
1. And then: same as "then", this is the only one; release: exile, exile; four murderers: refers to the four tribal leaders who did not obey Yu Shun; 2. Zhongni: the word of Kong Qiu; go: remove; Shao Zheng 卯: In the Spring and Autumn Period, Lu Guo Dafu, Lu Dinggong for fourteen years, Kong Qiu served as the Grand Sikou of the State of Lu, and seven days after taking office, he killed Shao Zheng and killed him, and the corpse was killed for three days; 3. Zhongzhi Yiye, Gong Tongzhi: When Guan Zhong was seriously ill, Qi Huan asked him who could take over as the prime minister, and Guan Zhong said: "The only one who knows the subjects is the monarch." Huan Gong asked, "How about Yi Ya?" Guan Zhong replied, "This man used the method of killing his son to cook for you to eat, which is not humane, and he must not be the prime minister." Huan Gong asked again, "How about the opening party?" Guan Zhong answered: He betrayed the motherland and his parents to be your courtiers, not close to human feelings, and could not be trusted. Xiang Gong asked again, "How about Vertical Diao?" Guan Shen replied, "He uses the means of castrating himself to please you, which is against human feelings and difficult to get close to."
alack! Zhong thought that Huan Gongguo could not use the three sons? Zhong and Huan Gong (chǔ) for a few years, also know Huan Gong as a human? Huan Gong's voice is incessant, and the color is incessant, and those who are not the three sons cannot do what they want. The reason why he did not use it in the first place was in vain. If there is no middle in a day, the three sons can play the crown and celebrate each other.
1, fruit: sure, really; 2, a few years: how many years, many years; 3, incessantly in the ear: can not stop in the ear; incessant in the eye: can not be broken in the eyes; 4, Sui: satisfied; 5, disciple: only, only; because; Yan Er: just; 6, play the crown and celebrate: "Hanshu • Wang Ji Biography": Ji and Gong Yu as friends, the world called "Wang Yang reigned, Gong Yu bullet crown" (Wang Ji, the word Ziyang, so called Wang Yang); which means that Wang Yang and Gong Yu have the same hobbies and aspirations, Wang Yang became an official, and must introduce Gong Yu to be an official. Later, I used this metaphor to prepare for the official, which here refers to the bad guys preparing to come to power.
Zhong thought that the words of death could be said to be (zhí) Huan Gong's brothers and sisters? Fu Qi Guo did not suffer from the third son, but suffered from Wu Zhong. If there is a middle, then the three sons, the three pifts. Otherwise, wouldn't the world be one of the three sons? Although Huan Gong was fortunate to listen to Zhong, he cursed these three people, and the rest, Zhong could all go away? alack! Zhong can be said to be ignorant of the original. Because of Huan Gong's question, if the sages of the world take their own place, zhong will die, but the state of Qi will not be without zhongye. Why does the husband suffer from the three sons? Needless to say.
1, Silk: bondage; 2, Pifu: ordinary people; 3, otherwise: not so; well: is it not; disciples: the same kind of people; 4, although: even; 5, Si: all; 6, Ben: fundamental; 7, Cause: taking advantage; 8, self-generation: that is, "generation of self", in place of oneself.
Five (bà) Mo Sheng Yu Wei, Wen. The talent of The Duke of Wen, but the Duke of Wei, and his subjects are not as good as Zhong; the abuse of the Linggong is not as generous as the leniency of the Filial Duke. When Duke Wen died, the princes did not dare to rebel against the Jin, and the Jin dynasty attacked Duke Wen's Yu Wei, and Jude was the lord of the alliance of the princes for more than a hundred years. Who? Although his king is not shawn, there are still old adults. Huan Gong Zhi Xue Ye, defeated and confused, he alone managed Zhong, and Zhong died.
1. Wu bo: the same as the "five hegemons", the five princes who successively dominated in the Spring and Autumn Period, generally referring to the Duke of Qi Huan, the Duke of Jin, the Duke of Qin Mu, the Duke of Song Xiang, and the King of Chuzhuang; 2, Wei Wen: that is, the Duke of Qi Huan and the Duke of Jin Wen; 3, the LingGong: Ming Yigao, the grandson of the Duke wen of Jin, the son of the Duke of Jin, reigned from 620 BC to 607 BC, because of tyranny, was killed by his courtiers Zhao Dun and Zhao Pu brothers; 4, Xiao Gong: that is, Gongzi Zhao, the son of the Duke of Qi Huan, reigned from 642 BC to 633 BC, with the help of the Duke of Song Xiang; 5, Jude: Yes 6. Unshao: unwise, bad character; 7. He: he, referring to Qi Huangong;
There are no wise men in the world, but there are those who have subjects and no kings. Huan Gong is in Yan, and there are no longer any people in charge of the world, and I do not believe in it. The Book of Zhong, which records that he will die, argues that Uncle Bao and Xū are not human beings, and each of them is short. It is his heart that those who think that the number of sons is not enough to entrust the country. And if he knows that he will die, then his book (dàn) is not enough to believe in it.
1, Gai: probably, possibly; 2, Chen: refers to the Xianchen; Jun: indicates the Jun; 3, the Book of Zhong: that is, "Guan Zi"; 4, Bin Xu Wu: Qi Huan Gong Shi Doctor; 5, Each of them is short: when guan Zi is seriously ill, Qi Huan Gong said to him: "How about Uncle Xuan?" Guan Zhong said: "Being upright, we must not be wronged for the sake of major state affairs." Huan Gong asked again, "What about Bin Xu Wu?" Guan Zhong said: "I like good people and good deeds, but I can't be wronged for the major affairs of the country"; sparse: pointing out; short: used as a noun, shortcomings; 6, entrusting the country: entrusting the heavy responsibility of governing the country; 7, contrarian knowledge: anticipation; 8, birth: absurdity; 9, enough: worthwhile.
Iguan Shi Qiū (qiū), because he could not enter the qú (蘧) Boyu and retired to The Misaki, so he had a posthumous advice. Xiao He died and raised Cao Ginseng to replace himself. The intentions of the minister should be so. The kingdom rises with one man and dies with one man. The wise man will not grieve for the death of his body, but will worry about the decline of his kingdom, so that there will be a wise man, and then he may die. Why did he die?
1. Shi Wei : Zi Yu, minister of defense during the Spring and Autumn Period, Shi Wei was loyal and upright as an official, determined to recommend talents for the country, rebuked the traitors, failed to persuade the monarch when he was alive, and was advised by corpses after death; 2, Jin: Recommended; 3, Retired: Recall; Mi Zi Flaw: Wei Ling Gong's favored courtier; 4, Posthumous advice: Shi Wei fell ill and died, and said: "I cannot enter the Yu Bo Yu and retire the Mi Zi Flaw." Life cannot be righteous, death cannot be a ceremony, and it is enough to put a corpse in the North Hall. "Death, the spirit of the gong to mourn, his son said." Gong Yue: "The master is born into the sage, retreats, and dies with a corpse, which can be described as loyal." Nai summoned Yu Boyu as a secretary and retired from the mikoto. 5. Xiao He: Assisted Han Gaozu in establishing the Han Dynasty, as a chancellor, su and Cao San, but recommended Cao San as a phase on his deathbed.
The full text of "Guan Zhong's Theory":
The accomplishment of fú's work, not on the day of its attainment, will have its beginnings, and the work of calamity, not on the day of its work, will also have its signs. Therefore, Qi Zhizhi also, I do not know Guan (guǎn) Zhong (zhòng), but Bao Uncle. And its chaos, I do not know vertical diao, easy teeth, open square, but guan Zhong. Why? The three sons of Shu Diao, Yi Ya, and Kai Fang, those who are solid and chaotic in the country, those who care about their use, Huan Gongye. Fu has Shun and then knows to release the four murderers, and there is Zhongni and then knows to go to Shao (shào) Zhengdi. Who is Pi Huan Gong? Gu Qi made Duke Huan use the third son, Guan Zhongye. Naka no Ichi (jí) also, the phase of the public question (xiàng). When it is, I intend to be right with the wise men of the world. And its words are just that: the three sons of Vertical Diao, Yi Ya, and Kaifang are inhumane and cannot be approached.
alack! Zhong thought that Huan Gongguo could not use the three sons? Zhong and Huan Gong (chǔ) for a few years, also know Huan Gong as a human? Huan Gong's voice is incessant, and the color is incessant, and those who are not the three sons cannot do what they want. The reason why he did not use it in the first place was in vain. If there is no middle in a day, the three sons can play the crown and celebrate each other. Zhong thought that the words of death could be said to be (zhí) Huan Gong's brothers and sisters? Fu Qi Guo did not suffer from the third son, but suffered from Wu Zhong. If there is a middle, then the three sons, the three pifts. Otherwise, wouldn't the world be one of the three sons? Although Huan Gong was fortunate to listen to Zhong, he cursed these three people, and the rest, Zhong could all go away? alack! Zhong can be said to be ignorant of the original. Because of Huan Gong's question, if the sages of the world take their own place, zhong will die, but the state of Qi will not be without zhongye. Why does the husband suffer from the three sons? Needless to say.
There are no wise men in the world, but there are those who have subjects and no kings. Huan Gong is in Yan, and there are no longer any people in charge of the world, and I do not believe in it. The Book of Zhong, which records that he will die, argues that Uncle Bao and Xū are not human beings, and each of them is short. It is his heart that those who think that the number of sons is not enough to entrust the country. And if he knows that he will die, then his book (dàn) is not enough to believe in it. Iguan Shi Qiū (qiū), because he could not enter the qú (蘧) Boyu and retired to The Misaki, so he had a posthumous advice. Xiao He died and raised Cao Ginseng to replace himself. The intentions of the minister should be so. The kingdom rises with one man and dies with one man. The wise man will not grieve for the death of his body, but will worry about the decline of his kingdom, so that there will be a wise man, and then he may die. Why did he die?
Qing Wu Chucai Wu Tiaohou's "Ancient Literature GuanZhi" commentary:
Throughout the text, you can't help but recommend the sage. Ups and downs take care of, open and suppress Yang. The argument is one layer deeper, and the citation is a tight paragraph. It seems that this brilliant and majestic text can convince the ancient people.