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Pioneer of modern Chinese education - Li Duandi
Li Duandi (1833~1907), ziyuan, ancestral home of Qingquan County, Hengzhou Prefecture, Hunan Province, born in Guizhu County ,present-day Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, was a famous politician, reformer and educator in the late Qing Dynasty. He once served as the chief examiner of the township examination in Shanxi, Guangdong, Shandong and other provinces, the vice president of the national examination, the Yunnan Xuezheng, the supervision of the imperial history, the left waiter of the punishment department, the governor of the warehouse, the shangshu of the rebbe, and the initiator of the Beijing Normal University Hall (the predecessor of Peking University).
In the thirteenth year of Daoguang (1833), Li Duandi was born in Li Zhai, Yonglie Street, Guiyang. His father Li Chaoxian unfortunately died early, and he and his mother He Shi were dependent on each other, and they were taught by their uncle He Liangqing in their studies; after completing their initial studies, they went north to Zhili (present-day Hebei Province) to continue their studies with their uncle Yin Li Chaoyi of Shuntianfu, and their uncle supervised very strictly, Li Duandi was diligent and studious, and his studies were improved, and in the first year of Tongzhi (1862), he should be selected as a Township Examination of Shuntianfu, and the next year he would try to join jiecheng jinshi, choose Shu Jishi, and enter Hanlin.
In the eleventh year of Tongzhi (1872), Li Duandi was appointed as the xuezheng of Yunnan. At that time, the political situation in Yunnan was unstable, the cultural and educational undertakings were withering, its trekking mountains and rivers, its footprints were all over Yunnan, and it conscientiously evaluated students from all over the world.
In the fifteenth year of Guangxu (1889), Li Duandi was appointed as the chief examiner of the Guangdong Township Examination as a cabinet scholar. When reading the papers, Liang Qichao answered the examination questions with the writing of "Melting the Scriptures and Casting History", and Li Duandi admired it and admitted him. Later, when he met with the Liang family, he believed that he was humble and courteous, worried about the country and the people, had the ambition to help the people through the world, and had the intention of marriage, and took his cousin Li Huixian xu as a wife, which became a good story in the history of modern Chinese education.
In the twenty-second year of Guangxu (1896), Li Duandi wrote "Please Promote the Folding of Schools", proposing to carry out the reform of the education system throughout the country, and to set up new-style schools throughout the country, set up Beijing Normal University Hall (the predecessor of Peking University) in the capital, set up schools at all levels in provincial capitals, prefectures and counties, and open courses in foreign languages, arithmetic, astronomy, geography, Gezhi (physics and chemistry), and foreign history; he also suggested setting up libraries (libraries), instrument institutes, translation bureaus, and Guangli newspaper libraries, and sending students to study abroad. Li Duandi's request was approved by the Guangxu Emperor and put into practice, which opened the prelude to China's modern education reform.
After the Sino-Japanese War, in order to revitalize the country and make the nation rich and strong, Li Duandi actively supported the "bus to the book". Li Duandi is an important planner, organizer, and promoter of the change of the law, and vigorously recommends Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Tan Si and others to participate in the change of the law. When the change of law failed, Li Duandi was charged with "abusing the protection of bandits" and "immediately dismissed from his post and sent to Xinjiang, where he was handed over to local officials for strict discipline as a sign of punishment."
Li Duandi was pardoned on the way to the army and returned to Guiyang in the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (1901). In the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), at the invitation of Deng Huaxi, the governor of Guizhou, Li Duandi began to give lectures on the Guizhou Jingshi Xuetang (formerly Guiyang Xuegu Academy), and together with Guizhou celebrities Yu Dekai, Le Jiazao, Li Yuzeng and others founded guizhou's first normal school, Guiyang Public Normal School (the predecessor of Guiyang Normal School, merged into Guiyang College in 2009) outside guiyang cinanmen.
In the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905), Li Duandi, together with Tang Eryong, Ren Kecheng, Hua Zhihong, and others, proposed that the Guiyang Fu Middle School School located in Guiyang North Academy be moved to Ding Gong Ancestral Hall, Zhaozhong Ancestral Hall, and Xueya Cave outside the Cinan Gate, and renamed Guiyang Middle School Hall (later renamed Tong Provincial Public Middle School Hall, the predecessor of the present-day Guiyang No. 1 Middle School), after which the school opened a new site at the temple site on the other side of the Nanming River, built a new school building, and enrolled students in the whole province, becoming the largest, best-equipped, and most powerful middle school in Guizhou at that time.
In October of the 32nd year of Guangxu (1906), Li Duandi, Tang Eryong and others initiated the establishment of the Preparatory Committee of the Guizhou Education Federation, which promoted the development of modern education in Guizhou. According to the "General History of Guizhou" of the Republic of China, from 1902 to 1910, a total of 683 schools of various kinds were created in Guizhou Province; including 655 primary schools, 6 middle schools, 10 normal schools and teacher training institutes, 3 industrial schools, and 6 higher schools; in addition, there were military-type armed schools.
In November of the 33rd year of Guangxu (1907), Li Duandi died in Guiyang at the age of 75, and his stepson Li Baozhong buried him in Daguankou, Guiyang (in present-day Yongle Township, Nanming District, Guiyang City).
Li Duandi's works mainly include "Poetry of The Garden" and other legends. His poems are both multitudes, and he is best at the seven laws, such as "Yuganzhou Shows The Brothers": "Legend has it that the border city is extremely difficult, and it is light and suddenly close to the Jade Gate." Long journeys are forgotten over the years, and old age can be born and idle. I first realized that thunder and thunder are rain and dew, and I must ride the wind and snow to see the Tianshan Mountains. Sending a message to the group of seasons to rest and worry, the wine is still relieved. ”
In 1987, the tomb of Li Duandi was announced by the Guiyang Municipal People's Government as a municipal cultural relics protection unit.
In 2018, the tomb of Li Duandi was announced by the People's Government of Guizhou Province as a provincial cultural relics protection unit; in the same year, the Guizhou Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government named the tomb of Li Duandi as the patriotic education base of Guizhou Province.
Portrait of Lee Duan-tung.
Lee Duan-tsang Memorial Hall.
Portrait of Li Duandi and his handwriting on display at the memorial hall.
Lee Duan's handwriting.
Statue of Lee Duan-tsung.
In the nineteenth year of Guangxu (1893), Li Duandi wrote a preface (part) to the Collected Works of Ding Wencheng (Baozhen).
A key figure closely related to Li Duandi's life.
Renovated tomb of Lee Duan-tsang.
Tombstone of Li Duandi's tomb.
In 2018, the tomb of Li Duandi was announced by the People's Government of Guizhou Province as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit.
Li Duandi's poem "There is a sense".
Graphics for this issue: Xie Hui, Chen Long
Source: Guizhou Provincial People's Government Website