Ji Haoyang
Shandong University of Science and Technology
Abstract: Starting from the development status of the high-speed rail express market, this paper summarizes the problems in the current development process, and puts forward corresponding solutions based on relevant development experience at home and abroad.
Keywords: high-speed rail transportation; express shipping; development status;
About author:JI Haoyang (2002—), male, from Yantai, Shandong, undergraduate student, research direction is traffic engineering.
introduction
By the end of 2020, the high-speed rail network of "eight horizontal and eight vertical" had basically taken shape, which vigorously promoted economic development [1]. The increasingly perfect high-speed rail network and the development of the express delivery industry complement each other, and inject new vitality and vitality into the development of the express delivery industry. In addition, the State Post Bureau has also vigorously promoted the cooperation between high-speed rail and express delivery enterprises to provide strong support for the development of high-speed rail express transportation, and the organization and construction of high-speed rail express transportation has become an important part of the development of transportation.
1 High-speed rail express market analysis
With the development of the e-commerce economy, the transportation demand of the mainland express market has shown a blowout growth. At present, the domestic express freight market is mainly based on road transportation, accounting for more than 70% of the market share; air transport is second, accounting for more than 20%; Less than 5% of all cargo is transported by rail [4]. The safety and timeliness of traditional road transportation are easily affected by road conditions and weather conditions, and high-speed rail transportation has become the new darling of the express transportation industry by virtue of its unique transportation conditions. At present, there are two main ways to organize high-speed rail express cargo transportation in mainland China: the use of EMU confirmation cars for "station-to-station" transportation and the use of passenger sports cars for "door-to-door" transportation. The single mode of transportation has limited the further increase in the volume of high-speed rail express transportation in mainland China, and at the end of 2020, the high-speed rail freight sports car group came into being.
In order to promote the further development of the high-speed rail express transportation industry, the mainland has issued the "Medium and Long-term Development Plan for Railway Express (2016-2030)", which points out that in the future, the railway transportation network will be used as a support to build a high-speed rail express transportation channel based on "eight vertical and eight horizontal" to realize the layout planning of the high-speed rail express transportation network [1].
2 Problems in the organization of high-speed rail express
2.1 Single product system
At present, the types of high-speed rail express products are very limited, mainly based on time-limited services and standard services: time-limited services include same-day delivery, next-day delivery and next-day delivery; Standard services include Economy Express and Intra-City Express. The existing product system is single, not humanized enough, unable to meet a variety of customer needs, and is not attractive in terms of price and timeliness. In addition, due to the lack of publicity, the brand effect has not yet been formed.
2.2 Capacity resources are limited
At present, the mainland railway express mainly adopts the piggyback transportation mode, with the help of the mainland's railway network with wide coverage, many frequencies, and strong direct train capacity, it can realize multiple batches of point-to-point direct transportation for small batches of goods [2]. But at present, this mode of transport only carries out cargo piggyback at the departure station and the terminal station, and can not realize the cargo transit and piggyback at the stopover station, reduces the efficiency and convenience of cargo transportation, and is difficult to meet the needs of customers and the market. At the same time, the railway express only relies on passenger sports car groups, which is difficult to meet the transportation needs of large quantities of goods, which is the main reason for the low freight volume of the railway express at present.
2.3 The loading and unloading efficiency of the station is low
The vehicles currently used or under development by the Continental Railway Express include passenger sports cars, variable marshalling EMUs and freight sports cars. There are certain constraints in the use of these means of transport: the cargo capacity of the passenger sports car group is smaller, the requirements for the volume and quality of the goods are relatively high, and the door area is small and the position is located at both ends of the vehicle simultaneously, which causes trouble to the loading and unloading of the goods, and greatly reduces the loading and unloading efficiency. Variable marshalling EMUs and freight sports units are still in the research stage and have not yet been put into operation, and it is known that their transportation organization is also quite complex, and there are still certain challenges in future development.
For station facilities, the mechanization degree of cargo loading equipment in railway stations is low, and most of them rely on manpower loading and unloading, and the loading efficiency is greatly reduced; The storage facilities of the station are not completely constructed, the storage capacity is low, and the temporary stacking of goods that have not been carried in time in the passenger station not only affects the operation of goods, but also easily causes damage to goods; The station is not equipped with a special freight channel, and the lack of process management of the entry of goods into the station increases the difficulty of handling and reduces the handling efficiency.
2.4 Lack of terminal service capacity
Compared with other logistics companies, the coverage rate of high-speed rail express freight outlets is still quite low, taking Beijing as an example, there are more than 800 SF Express outlets, while there are only a dozen pick-up outlets of high-speed rail express, at the same time, the development of "door-to-station, station-to-door" terminal service service is still insufficient, and it is also subject to the lack of distribution personnel, which not only cannot provide customers with timely, efficient and convenient cargo collection services, but also hinders the large-scale and market-oriented operation of high-speed rail express organization.
3. Solutions to the problem of high-speed rail express organization
3.1 Refine the product system
(1) Further refine the transportation time limit of express goods, not based on same-day delivery, next-day delivery and next-day delivery, but based on the time-limited service of 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h, and track the location and arrival time of the goods in real time. (2) Further refine the needs of customers, and divide the goods into private express, commodity express and official express according to the type of customer. For private couriers, customers can choose the delivery time and pick-up method freely and flexibly; For commodity express delivery, it is necessary to combine the sales rules of the market, such as increasing the number of train carriers and the number of pick-up and delivery personnel during the Double 11 period; For official express delivery, adjust the arrival time of the goods on working days, and provide delivery services before and after work in combination with customer needs.
3.2 Develop capacity resources
3.2.1 Expand transportation channels
Summarizing the development experience of foreign countries, it can be found that most of the foreign high-speed rail express organizations use special freight models, with higher load capacity and richer transportation organization forms, which effectively promotes the large-scale development of high-speed rail express business. France, Germany and other European countries have also made full use of high-speed rail express trains at night to ensure the efficiency of product transportation. The mainland should further explore the construction of high-speed rail lines with special freight trains, increase the scale of high-speed rail express construction, and choose key lines with large traffic such as Beijing-Shanghai and Beijing-Guangzhou as demonstration lines for high-speed rail express, and explore the mode of combining high-speed rail and express delivery development [5]. In addition, if the mainland's high-speed rail express organization can give full play to the role of the night mode, it will greatly improve the transportation capacity of the high-speed rail express, enrich the express products, solve the problem of a single product system, and play a good role in supplementing the existing "piggyback mode".
3.2.2 Prepare high-quality train transportation plans
When the high-speed rail express train runs during the day, on the premise of ensuring driving safety, it is necessary to avoid the impact on the high-speed rail passenger transportation route as much as possible; When running at night, on the premise of ensuring the speed at night, it is necessary to avoid interference with the existing online freight trains as much as possible. Summarizing the experience of foreign countries, it can be seen that the Parcel Intercity train service in Germany, the TGV service in France and the Mercitalia Fast service in Italy have changed the train operation route in time according to the impact of night sunroof maintenance on train operation. Therefore, combined with the changes in the demand of the high-speed rail express market, taking into account the daytime high-speed rail passenger operation map and the maintenance of the skylight at night is an effective way to realize the reasonable planning and preparation of the high-speed rail express transportation plan and the high-quality development of the high-speed rail express.
3.3 Improve loading and unloading efficiency
3.3.1 Improve the operating conditions of the station
The high-speed rail express trains are equipped with special stations, the purpose of which is to improve the loading and unloading efficiency and transfer capacity of the train, realize the process loading and unloading, seamlessly connect with other means of transportation, and enhance the timeliness of high-speed rail express products. However, the loading and unloading capacity of the mainland and the transfer capacity of the station are a constraint to improving the efficiency of high-speed rail express transportation. Throughout the world, the European CAREX project will build high-speed rail stations and airports, combine land and air transportation, and effectively connect high-speed railways with other modes of transportation; France's TGV project leverages high-speed rail to achieve a win-win situation with La Poste; Germany's Parcel Intercity has partnered with DHL to make road and rail connections efficient. Combined with the development of the mainland, in the near future, we can start from the reconstruction of the existing passenger transport center, and synchronously reconstruct the infrastructure, increase the loading and unloading capacity of express goods, and in the long term, we can further plan the freight station dedicated to the high-speed rail express, and incorporate the loading and unloading platform, transportation channel, and warehousing construction into the construction plan, combined with other modes of transportation, to achieve a variety of transportation mode linkage, improve the loading and unloading efficiency of high-speed rail express products, and ultimately achieve economic benefits.
3.3.2 Innovate types of equipment and improve equipment technology
The development of high-speed rail express organization is not achieved overnight, but is a long-term, continuous improvement and improvement process, in addition to learning from the development experience of other countries under the existing development conditions, but also need to rely on innovation, research and development of new technologies to achieve rapid development. In terms of equipment allocation, in view of the lack of loading and unloading equipment, high labor costs, low loading and unloading efficiency and other problems, it is necessary to rely on domestic research and development technology to solve, pay attention to the research and development of freight trains, loading and unloading equipment, transportation equipment, storage equipment and other technical equipment, combine design concepts with practical applications, and improve the modernization level of high-speed rail express organization.
3.4 Improve the terminal service
Combined with the development status and future development needs of different cities, the first step can be to start from improving the coverage of high-speed rail express freight outlets, learn from the development experience of large domestic express companies, and continue to open up the market and achieve large-scale development. At the same time, increase the number of express delivery personnel, increase the training of collection and delivery personnel, and provide customers with timely, efficient and convenient goods collection services as much as possible in combination with customer needs, further increase publicity, and form a brand effect of high-speed rail express products.
4 Conclusion
The development opportunities and challenges of the mainland high-speed rail express transportation organization coexist, and under the nourishment of the favorable market environment and the favorable policies of the state, we should seize the opportunity, innovate technology and equipment, and attach importance to the training of relevant talents. Proceed from reality, change the concept, reasonably formulate the development strategy, make overall planning, and learn from each other's strengths. From the upstream infrastructure construction, to the production and transportation in the midstream, and then to the downstream market development services, the whole process promotes the healthy and orderly development of high-speed rail express transportation.
bibliography
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[2] Cao Yue. Research on the organization of high-speed railway express freight transportation[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University, 2020.
[3] National Railway Administration. Medium and long-term development plan of railway express (2016-2030)[R].Beijing, 2016.
[4] Deng Xiaozhen. Research on optimization of high-speed rail express special train transportation network under the spatial evolution of express transportation demand[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University, 2021.
[5] Jiang Chaohui, Sun Wanhua, Jiang Xiushan. Logistics Technology, 2018,37(2):5-8.
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