Regardless of the black cat or the white cat, the one who can catch the mouse is a good cat.
Lü Fan was a heavy minister of Eastern Wu and an official to the Grand Sima (大司馬). He had a close relationship with Sun Quan, lived with honor and death, and was extremely respected. After his death, he was enshrined in the etheric prison, and even Sun Quan cried at the tomb, which showed his status.
He had a lavish personality and was dressed as a prince, but he was never rebuked, but was instead tolerated by Sun Quan. This is a relatively rare case under Sun Quan's political program of "using magic to attack the masses".
Another point worth noting is that Lü Fan was not from Wu County (Sun Quan's hometown), or even a Yangzhou scholar, but was intimidated by Lu Xun, Quan Chun and other Yangzhou surnames.
Yangzhou people's style (see "Liu Ye Biography"), strong and lawless, Lu Xun's group of "noble princes in the state", in front of Lü Fan, were arrogant and tolerant, and did not dare to show even a little contempt and slackness.
There is no doubt that Lü Fan can obtain this status, behind which Sun Quan is supporting him.
The main purpose of this article is to discuss the reasons behind Lü Fan's "special political status".
In short, it can be roughly attributed as follows:
The first is Lü Fan's old friendship with Sun Quan.
The second is Sun Quan's administrative program of "reusing the northerners and balancing the Wu people."
The third is the particularity of Lü Fan County.com.
This article totals 4500 words and takes 9 minutes to read
<h1>Lü Fan's old friend with Sun Quan</h1>
Lü Fan was the consort of sun brothers, and even from his records, it is possible to supplement and improve Sun Quan's early resume.
According to the "Biography of Lord Wu", when Sun Quan appeared on the scene, he was "fifteen years old, and he was envious of Yang". Extrapolating from Sun Quan's birth year (182), it should be the first year of Jian'an (196). In other words, Sun Quan's biography is a blank record of his resume before Jian'an.
But the Biography of Lü Fan adds to this omission. That is, Lady Wu had "avoided chaos in Jiangdu", was persecuted by Tao Qian, and was rescued by Lü Fan. Judging by the clues of time, Sun Quan should be in Jiangdu with The Princess at that time.
When Princess Shi was in Jiangdu, (Sun) dispatched (Lü) Fan Yingzhi. --"Wu Shu Lü Fan Biography"
Jiangdu County belonged to Guangling County, Xuzhou, in other words, after Sun Jian's death (191), Lady Wu did not return to her hometown in Wu County, but ran to Tao Qian's territory to live.
Note: At that time, Guangling Taishou was Langya Zhao Yu, and Zhao Yu was appointed and dismissed by Tao Qian.
Don't drive zhao yu, a well-known shiye, but to be loyal to the straight (Tao Qian) sparse, out of the Guangling Taishou. --The Book of the Later Han Dynasty Tao Qian Biography
In fact, Wu and his relatives followed the "avoidance of chaos in Jiangdu" only to cover up people's eyes, and their real purpose was to do secret agents for Sun Jian's old lord Yuan Shu, collect intelligence from Xuzhou, and monitor Tao Qian.
Lü Fan was one of the core members of the secret agent who replaced Yuan Shu at that time.
Yuan Shu and Tao Qian are nominal allies, but wary of each other. However, with the defeat of Yuan Shu's army in The Central Plains (see Records of Emperor Wu), he moved from Nanyang in Jingzhou to Huainan in Yangzhou (193), and began to border Tao Qian's territory.
Yuan Shu went to Yangzhou, killed Shi Chenwen, and led himself to Yangzhou Mu, also known as Xuzhou Bo; it could be described as a provocation to Xuzhou.
(Yuan Shu) sent the rest of the people to Jiujiang, killed The Yangzhou Assassin Shi Chen Wen and led himself, also known as Xuzhou Bo. --The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, The Biography of Yuan Shu
Tao Qian also fought back, expelling Lady Wu, who was living in Guangling, and arresting Lü Fan for "espionage" and torturing him on a large scale. Later rescued by Sun Ce, he was spared.
Xuzhou Mu Tao Qian (Lü) Fan was Yuan Shi Qianhou (探子), and Satir County Raiding Examination (Lü) Fan. --"Wu Shu Lü Fan Biography"
Tao Qian referred to Lü Fan as Yuan's courtier, and satirized the county for plundering
From the above cases, it is not difficult to see that Lady Wu's visit to Guangling Jiangdu must have been before the fourth year of Chuping (193). In the case of Sun Quan's birth year (182), he was a child and must live with his mother. Sun Ce was ordered by Yuan Shu to spy on Xuzhou, and Lü Fan was ordered by Sun Ce to greet the concubine, which shows that Lü Fan and the young Sun Quan must have an old relationship.
According to Lü Fan's biography, he was indeed treated by Sun Ce as a "relative's gift", ascended to the church to worship his mother, and feasted and feasted.
(Sun) Ce also treated his relatives, and every time he ascended to the church, he drank and feasted in front of the princess. --"Wu Shu Lü Fan Biography"
According to the Biography of Lü Fan, Sun Quan had privately borrowed money from Lü Fan before he became the head of Yang Xian (15th year). It can be seen that when Sun Quan was young, he and Lü Fan undoubtedly had a long-term experience of coexistence.
Chu (Sun) strategized (Lü) Fan Dian to master financial planning, and (Sun) Quan was young when he was young and privately followed suit. --"Wu Shu Lü Fan Biography"
At that time, Lü Fan went to Jiangdu to protect the concubines, and was even arrested by Tao Qian, almost to death, which undoubtedly gave the young Sun Quan a great favor.
After Lü Fan's death, Sun Quan su took up mourning, personally came to the tomb, shouted the words, and the words were drooling.
(Sun) Quan Guo (Lü) Fan Tomb shouted: "Zi Heng! "Speaking of drooling, the aether is imprisoned. --"Wu Shu Lü Fan Biography"
It can be seen that the two did have a very strong personal relationship, which is closely related to Sun Quan's experience in his youth.
<h1>Sun Quan used the northern people's administrative program</h1>
Lü Fan was given the power of Sun, which was related to the northern and southern factions within Sun Wu's regime.
Within the Eastern Wu regime, in terms of "origin and county", it can be roughly divided into two groups, the north and the south. The south refers to the Yangzhou Gate Valve, represented by the surnames of Huiji and Wu County; the north refers to the Huaisi Group, that is, xuzhou and the Liuyu people in the Jiangbei area of Yangzhou.
The two groups have fundamental differences on the "agenda for governance". The indigenous people of Yangzhou favored door valve politics; while the Huaisi clique favored absolute monarchy; this was related to the geopolitical environment and the policies of the time.
Under the inspection and examination system of the two Han Dynasties, "selecting in the townships" is an important link. The natives of Yangzhou can naturally enjoy the benefits of Chaju, but because they are far away from their hometown, they can no longer enjoy the dividends of Chaju, so they have to rely on the Sun clan wholeheartedly, hoping to rely on the support of Sun Ce's brothers and ascend to the heavens step by step. This is similar to the Jingchu clique that ruled Yizhou and wholeheartedly attached itself to Liu Bei.
Zhou Yu, the master of Jianghuai, plotted for Sun
The representative figures of the Huaisi Clique include Zhou Yu (Yangzhou Lujiang), Lu Su (Xuzhou Linhuai), Zhang Zhao (Xuzhou Pengcheng), Zhang Hong (Xuzhou Guangling), Zhuge Jin (Xuzhou Langya), Bu Qi (Xuzhou Linhuai), and so on; except for Zhang Zhao, the positions of Huaisi people are mostly to safeguard sun's interests.
The Yangzhou clique is represented by the three Wu surnames of Zhu, Zhang, Gu, and Lu of Wu County, Hui Ji Yu, He, Wei, and Zhou; and the well-known Lu Xun, Gu Yong, Zhang Wen, and Yu Fan are the representatives of the indigenous forces.
These landlords occupied a large number of land tenants, and with the advantage of "writing locality", they became the biggest obstacle to sun's dictatorship; therefore, they were often beaten by the rulers. For example, Sun Ce "cursed Wu Hui's heroes", and Sun Quan "repeatedly carried out huge cases and killed the masses of ministers", and his main target was the Yangzhou gate valve.
Sun Ce pacified Wu (郡) and Hui (稽), and cursed him for his heroism. --"Records of the Huijian"
The history of the reign of Sun Ce and Sun Quan in Yangzhou is essentially a history of the rise and fall of "struggle, alliance, and eventual compromise" with the Yangzhou surname.
Lü Fan's place of origin is relatively special, it is Runan, Yuzhou. It does not belong to the Huaisi Group or the Yangzhou Group. However, considering Lü Fan's identity as a "liuyu scholar", from the perspective of position tendency, he is undoubtedly more inclined to the Huaisi Group.
Therefore, Lü Fan could be granted the title of Yangzhou Mu by Sun Quan (the three mutual laws were restricted, and Sun Quan could not be Yangzhou Mu), and deter the Yangzhou surname during his term of office.
When the wind was strong, the boat people drowned, and thousands of people died. (Lü Fan) returned to the army and worshiped Yangzhou Mu. --"Wu Shu Lü Fan Biography"
The history books record that "Lü Fan is good and prestigious", that is, paying attention to pomp and circumstance, and distinguishing between honor and inferiority. In addition to the superficial implications, there may be other metaphors. That is, Lü Fan used the identity of Yangzhou Mu to deliberately warn Yangzhou Haoqiang. For example, Lu Xun and Quan Chun were both giants of Wu County, and they were "respectful and pious to Lü Fan, and did not dare to take it lightly."
(Lü Fan) has a good temperament, and the people of the prefecture (referring to Yangzhou Haoqiang) such as Lu Xun, Quan Chun and Gui Gongzi are all respectful and pious, and do not dare to take it lightly. --"Wu Shu Lü Fan Biography"
Lü Fan mu Yangzhou, the prince of the state did not dare to take it lightly
"Frivolous" means "frivolous". For example, Cao Wei Zhenbei's general Wu Zhen once found a song and dance artist to ridicule Cao Zhen at the banquet, and Cao Zhen was furious, saying, "The drama dares to take it lightly, can't I kill you."
(Cao) Zhen Healed, drew his sword and looked at him, saying: "Hai (a comic artist) dares to take it lightly, and I chop er." "--The Biography of Wu Zhibie"
Although Lü Fan was able to accomplish the task of "shocking the great surnames of Yangzhou" very well, he could not lead by example, and even arrogant and extravagant, dirty and dirty, beautifully dressed, and arrogantly intended to be a prince. However, Sun Quan did not pursue the matter, but instead praised Lü Fan for his "diligence and obedience to the law" and favored him.
(Lü) Fan and He Qi luxury li Qua Qi, dressed as kings. --"The Legend of Jiang Biao"
(Lü Fan) lived in clothing, was extravagant at the time, and was diligent in following the law, so (Sun) Quan was pleased with his loyalty and did not blame his extravagance. --"Wu Shu Lü Fan Biography"
Judging from Lü Fan's performance, hard work is true, and following the law is false. It can be seen that the "law-abiding" in Sun Quan's mouth does not lie in whether Lü Fan is honest and upright, but whether Lü Fan protects the interests of the Gong clan (that is, the interests of the Sun clan).
According to the records, Lü Fan was indeed able to "put sun quan's interests first in everything." For example, the "Biography of Jiang Biao" records that after Lü Fan's death, Sun Quan said that "although Lü Fan was extravagant, he could do it first by worrying about public affairs, so corruption was not enough to damage."
(Sun Quanyue) Lü Ziheng was loyal and straight, and although his sex was good and luxurious, he took the worry of the public first, and the lack of damage was not enough. --"The Legend of Jiang Biao"
Although Lü Fan's nature is good and luxurious, he takes the worry of justice first, and it is not enough to lose
Sun Quan's remark also just pointed out the characteristics of the Beiren (Huaisi Group), that is, it can achieve "everything is given priority to the interests of the leader.". This is because the exiles have lost the political dividend of "village elections" and are therefore fully dependent on the rulers.
In fact, Eastern Wu's administrative program of "reusing northerners and balancing and promoting people" was supported by Sun Quan as early as when he was young.
When Sun Quan was the governor of Yangxian County, he separately sought out Lü Fan, who was "a pawn in the financial scheme", and borrowed money from Cao Zhougu. Zhou Gu was very obedient, and even did not hesitate to help Sun Quan to deceive; Lü Fan had to report to Sun Ce first every time, and then obey the order.
(Sun) Envoy (Lü) Fan Dian was the master of financial planning, (Sun) Quan was young when he was young, and he had private requests, and (Lü) Fan Bi Guan Bai (that is, to inform Sun Ce), did not dare to give permission, and at that time he saw it. Quan Shouyang envied the elders, had private uses, policies or materials, and Gong Cao Zhou Gu wrote books for Fu, so that there was no question. --"Wu Shu Lü Fan Biography"
As a result, after Sun Quan succeeded to the throne, he refused to promote Zhou Gu, but instead promoted Lü Fan, saying that Lü was "loyal to see the letter". Later generations often praise Sun Quan for "distinguishing between public and private, and knowing people in a way", in fact, there is another mystery here.
This is related to the origins of Zhou Gu and Lü Fan.
Yangxian County belongs to Wu County, Yangzhou, while Zhou Gu is Gong Cao, which is "the chief official of a place". According to the system, to be a pastor, keeper, order, and chief needs to avoid the origin, but to be a "bureaucrat" is not necessary. That is, the so-called "officials avoid officials and do not avoid officials." County officials, served by local surnames, are the unwritten traditions of the two Han Dynasties, which shows that Zhou Gu must have been born into the haoqiang family of Wu County.
Sun Ce made a discovery and lashed out at Wu Jun, Hui Ji Haoqiang, and was eventually killed by Wu Jun's taishou Xugong's protégés. In such a sensitive context, Sun Quan was in charge of the imperial affairs and must have been quite jealous of the Yangzhou scholars, especially the surname of Wu County.
Therefore, Zhou Gu, who was born in Wu County, although he was kind to Sun Quan, he also had to be alienated. And Lü Fan, a liuyu scholar, is like a rootless duckweed, who has no choice but to cling to the Sun clan. Compared with the two, Lü Fan was obviously more trustworthy than Zhou Gu.
<h1>The particularity of Lü Fan County's hope</h1>
Lü Fan received Sun Quan's special favor, and there may be another special reason. However, this right is conjecture.
Lü Fan was from Runan, Yuzhou, and the history is clearly recorded; however, the Eastern Wu Chongchen, who was also from Runan, Yuzhou, had one more person, Namely Lü Meng.
Lü Fan Zi Heng, Runan Xiaoyang people also. --"Wu Shu Lü Fan Biography"
Lü Meng ziming, Runan Fupi people also. --The Biography of Wu Shu and Lü Meng
Lü Fan was born in Xiyang, Runan, and Lü Meng was born in Fupi, Runan. Although Runan is a large county, Fupi and Xiyang are not far apart. If you look at it from the geographical environment, it is likely that there is a distant clan relationship between the two.
Ru Nan Lü Meng, lonely and poor, less south crossing
According to the "Biography of Lü Meng", Lü Meng crossed the river as a teenager and threw himself into the army. Later, he inherited (brother-in-law) Deng Dang's part, and was appreciated by Sun Quan because of his soldiers ' neat uniforms and impressive arrays " during the military parade, and then he was promoted out of line and rose to the top.
(Lü) Meng Yin credit, for the soldiers to make a dress, and Jane Day, display impressive, soldier practice, (Sun) Quan Zhizhi, Great Joy, increase his troops. --The Biography of Wu Shu and Lü Meng
Readers often regard this matter as a "history of grassroots struggle", and in fact, if combined with the favored background of fellow villager Lü Fan in front of Sun Shi, it is not difficult to see that Lü Meng was promoted, and in addition to personal struggle, there may also be a township party relationship with Lü Fan.
Although Lü Meng is a temporary masterpiece, if there is no external help, it is not easy to rely on personal martial courage alone. In feudal society, it was common for fellow villagers to support each other. For example, Cao Wei's Yue Pei system, Yingchuan system, and Hebei system "recommended each other internally and attacked each other externally", and there were many cases.
Moreover, after Deng Dang's death that year, who recommended Lü Meng to succeed him? It's Zhang Zhao.
When Deng Dang died, Zhang Zhaoxian (Lü) Meng Daidang, and paid homage to Sima Beibu. --The Biography of Wu Shu and Lü Meng
The reason is obvious, the same Beiren Group, naturally should promote each other. Zhang Zhao, as a native of Pengcheng, Xuzhou, knows the truth of forming a party, and as Lü Fan, who is the same surname and fellow countryman in Runan, will he stand idly by?
After Lü Meng's death, Sun Quan "did not think about tea and rice, but drooled when he spoke." It is almost identical to the records after Lü Fan's death.
(Sun Quan) often wears a wall to look at it, and when he sees (Lü Meng) Xiao can eat, he is happy, and he laughs left and right, otherwise he is aggressive and cannot sleep at night... When he was killed, (Sun) Quan was very sad and suffered damage. --The Biography of Wu Shu and Lü Meng
The Ru'nan Lü clan was probably valued by Sun Quan in the Beiren clique.
<h1>brief summary</h1>
In the History of the Three Kingdoms, Lü Fan receives less attention, and even if it is involved, it is mostly about his military career, and less attention is paid to his "favored" side of Sun Quan.
In fact, Lü Fan was favored by Sun Quan, and the core reason was his "northern origin". Because they had lost the old county hope and could not get the benefits of the inspection, there was no way out except to cling to the Sun clan.
This truth actually has similarities with the eunuch's attachment to the emperor. Because eunuchs were often born poor, the clan was weak, and because of the palace punishment, they also cut off the descendants of the clan heirs. Except for the emperor, they had no support, so they were often particularly loyal and most trusted by the emperor.
Judging from lü Fan's record of intimidating the Yangzhou surnames (Lu Xun and Quan Chun) during his pastoral appointment in Yangzhou and making them dare not do wrong, his political tasks were accomplished very well, which was completely in line with Sun Quan's ideal of "worrying about the public first". Therefore, problems such as bribery and perverting the law and transgression of clothing will be taken lightly and will not be prosecuted.
For Sun Quan, whether it is a black cat or a white cat, it is a good cat to catch a rat.
In his later years, Sun Quan acted in a daze and laughed at the world; but judging from Lü Fan's affairs, his early years were indeed "knowledgeable and reasonable". Chen Shou's so-called "Director Wu is still talented and calculating, and has the talent of a hero" can be described as a false statement.
I am Fat Mi, the original author of the history of the headline number. Talk about historical anecdotes and focus on the history of the Three Kingdoms. From the clues in Shi Hai's sinking hook and the Yoshimitsu katayu, to analyze the hidden meaning behind the unfolding.
Thanks for reading.