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The Tang Dynasty, from the time of Emperor Dezong to the death of the Tang Dynasty, lasted 102 years, and 11 emperors took turns ruling. During this history, the political situation was chaotic, internal power competition was fierce, eunuchs were vying for power, and there were constant rebellions in various clans and towns. Externally, there are invasions of foreign tribes such as Tubo and Nanzhao. Land annexation is becoming more and more serious, and the people are exploited. Even an illustrious ruler like Li Shimin, or a wizard like Liu Xiu, could not save the situation.
After Huang Chao washed Chang'an in blood, although the Tang court lived for more than twenty years, it was only to accumulate virtue for the ancestors. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the entire country was almost composed of clan towns, except for the two capitals, which can be regarded as the territory of the clan towns throughout the country. The three towns of Hebei belonged to the separatist domain, but the proportion of such domains was very small, and most of the personnel power, part of the financial power, and most of the military power of most of the other domains were in the hands of the imperial court. However, during the late Tang dynasty, eunuchs began to rely on various official positions, especially military envoys of the clan and town, to extend their tentacles throughout the country, covering political, economic, and cultural fields, and sharing control of the administrative system with the clique of civil officials.
The late Tang eunuchs not only intermarried with each other, but also married some second-class wealthy families and even traitors, forming a unique eunuch family, and their network hung high above Liangjing. This phenomenon made the emperor almost a puppet, and neither the Ming Jun nor the Dimming Emperor, nor the Xian Xiang nor the Dimming Emperor, could not change the political pattern of the two capitals, especially Guanzhong Province.
Zhu Wen, Li Cunxuan, Shi Jingyu, Liu Zhiyuan, Chai Rong, etc. in the Five Dynasties period were all very outstanding leaders. However, the social atmosphere at that time was corrupted, the clans and towns were divided, and the army was arrogant, and it was not an overnight thing to re-establish centralized power. In addition, there are Khitan tigers. The establishment and stability of the Song Dynasty was also based on the strengthening of civilian power, and the central government was highly centralized.
The story of Zhao Kuangyin's release of military power with a glass of wine is widely spread, but this is only a reduction in the power of the forbidden generals. For powerful warlords who have troops, land and wealth, such reductions are almost meaningless. The efforts of Zhao Kuangyin and his brothers are only the culmination of the efforts of the past generations, but they are also based on unfairness to others, especially Guo Wei and Chai Rong.
There was an interdependent relationship between the Tang royal family and the envoys of the Jiedu, and the envoys of the Jiedu were not all traitors. For example, an envoy like Li Ke's was able to maintain order in his territory as long as he gained the trust of the imperial court. However, the internal problems of the imperial court at the end of the Tang Dynasty were too serious, the family and eunuchs were declining, and the imperial court's own power was weakening day by day, resulting in suspicion of competent talents, caustic policies, and scarce favors. This chain of suspicion led to disappointment with the imperial court, a vicious circle that led to a worsening of the situation and was eventually reversed by the supernumerary Zhu Wen.
Even Zhu Wen, if he had felt a little more secure at that time, would not have had such great ambitions. In fact, Zhu Wen could not solve this chaotic situation in his later years, and eventually died sadly. The system of temperance is a product of Li Longji's "military reform" military system in the middle government, but this system is quite imperfect. After the Anshi Rebellion, from the envoy of Jiedu, to the town of the domain, to the emperor, no one felt safe, and the Yabing even suspected his chief envoy of the envoy, the envoy of the Jiedu, and the envoy of the Jiedu also suspected the imperial court, and the imperial court was full of doubts about the entire town. This situation continued until the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, when the warlords officially came to power, and it was not until the Song Dynasty that there was an institutional solution.
Therefore, looking back on history now, many people may have underestimated the role of Zhao Kuangyin. He was so important because he established the system that ended the turbulent period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. As for the late Han period, local warlords emerged, and in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the imperial power quickly collapsed, even faster than the Tang Dynasty. In these five dynasties and ten kingdoms, each state was established by weakening the domain, and their efforts were all directed towards becoming emperors and then sharing power with other envoys, and the situation only improved after Chai Rong established the forbidden army, but Zhao Kuangyin himself was also a product of the forbidden army. Zhao Kuangyin was not the last person in the process of "releasing troops", and it can even be said that for a period of time during the Song Zhenzong period, the Song Dynasty was still a "country of temperance".
During the Five Dynasties period, the problem of grassroots land annexation was serious, and the people either attached themselves to the powerful or became soldiers of the clan town. In the era of Zhao Kuangyin, the situation gradually stabilized, and there were conditions for unification.
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