"The Biography of the Painter" ~ 207th article
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > Wenpeng is a true Chinese cultural aristocracy, the originator of the kaiming and ming seal carving customs! </h1>
Text/Lu Xiuhui
Wen Peng (1498-1573) character Shou Cheng, no. Sanqiao, nicknamed Yuyangzi, Sanqiao Jushi, Mr. Guozi, Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). Wen Zhengming's eldest son.
Wen Peng is Wen Zhengming's eldest son, and for this reason he can stir up the circle of calligraphy and painting. Jun, the contemporary famous man who has achieved nothing, open my mouth my father, shut my grandfather, which mix is not the wind and water? Which is not a bunch of fans, carrying, habitually, blowing? Chinese ethos is so! However, foreigners also care about these, those nobles, the predecessors, are self-satisfied. It seems that human beings are common to this!
Wen Peng's ancestor was The Southern Song Dynasty Prime Minister Wen Tianxiang! Wen Tianxiang is a household name in China. Wen Peng's grandfather was Wen Lin, the prefect of Wenzhou, an important scholar in Suzhou, including the "Wenwen Wen collection" and "Langya Man banknotes".
Wen Peng's father, Wen Zhengming, was a master of poetry, literature, books, and paintings, known as the all-rounder of the "Four Absolutes", and co-founded the "Wu School" with Shen Zhou. In the history of painting, together with Shen Zhou, Tang Yin and Qiu Ying, they are called "Ming Four Families" or "Wumen Four Families". In poetry, together with Zhu Yunming, Tang Yin, and Xu Zhenqing, he is called "the four talents of Wu Zhong".
As for Wen Peng's uncle, his children, nephews, and grandchildren are even more talented. Grandson Wen Zhenmeng, but also a shame that Yixue's great-grandfather Wen Zhengming repeatedly failed to succeed in his trials, and he was awarded the title of high school. The Wen family is China's uncompromising cultural aristocracy, but after checking the poetry of the descendants of the Wen family, they have never prided themselves on it! Strange? Not boasting about it may be the secret of the flourishing of the Wen family's cultural vein. He has a poem "Huizhou Wu Jun demiao legal system ink fu poem gift", poem cloud:
The new Pine Branches burn endlessly,
Red Xiabi Is tangled.
Collect the smoke and pound thirty thousand pestles,
Practice Xuan Frost Wu Yu Jue.
Set up a few cases against the end,
The clouds of smoke astigmatism soared.
Three years without darkness,
A little frost paint is no different.
Tinggui Died,
This way is only better than who is now.
Crystal Palace Guest Wang Ting,
Wu Lang followed the true beauty.
Give me two or three pills from time to time,
Light and black are unusually happy.
Uninterrupted daily use,
It takes years to destroy half an inch.
Gold Candeimo No,
Mo Light currently has only heavy ears.
Oh yu does not want to grind the world,
May there be a smile on the pool of water.
What Wen Peng worships even more is that since Wen Peng descended, he is unanimously recognized as the grandfather of the Chinese seal carving school. Because of his appearance, the indiscriminate coveting of the Ming and Qing seal carving schools finally converged into the Wang Yang Grand View, all of which were blessed with blessings forever by worshipping him. Of course, without the emergence of Wen Peng, the indiscriminate coveting of the Chinese seal engraving school would still come. But, at least in the dark, it will take quite some time to grope.
Is there a genre of seal engraving before Wen Peng?
Before Wen Peng, the materials used for seal engraving did not have convenience, and the materials used at that time were mostly hard, such as gold, silver, copper, metal, jade,, and dentin. The tooth seal made by Wen Peng personally fell ink, and then asked Li Quartz in Nanjing to engrave it.
Because Wen Peng inadvertently solved the problem of the convenience of the seal engraving material, it caused the literati to use the print indiscriminately. Legend has it that Wen Peng encountered an old farmer near the Guozijian in Nanjing, and a donkey on the side also drove two baskets of stones, because of the dispute with the store because of the sale of goods, under questioning, Fang knew that the store would not contribute other funds. He was very curious about the use of stones, so he talked with the farmers and learned that the goods and stores were used for "gemstones". He asked the shop about the processing method, and on a whim, he bought four baskets of stones and asked the farmers to help him send them home. Please cut open the craftsman, see the stone all kinds of frozen, there are various colors, try the hand, is warm as jade, cutting as desired. As a result, a new world of Chinese seal carving was opened. Since then, it has ended the old era of more than 2,000 years of copper and jade hardware in China.
There is a tradition, there is a genre. In the inheritance, when there is a preference, there is a focus point, and the different focus points of each person are the hotbeds for the beginning of the genre. The genre before Wen Peng was unconscious and blind. Warring States, Qin and Han seals, because of the solemn use of seals, determined that the seals at that time must use ancient seal books. Undoubtedly, due to the influence of the practicality of the lishu at that time, the seal book also changed to some extent. Song and Yuan seals, in terms of form, content, use and form, have become diverse and rich compared to the Warring States and Qin and Han seals. The difference between the huge official seal and the small private seal; the difference between the literati's feelings and personal letters; the difference between the special seal of religion and ethnicity and the seal of the letter, the lishu, the flower charge, etc.; these differences are only differences in diversity, not consciously for the difference of art. Mainly by craftsmen, there is an essential difference from Wen Peng's personal experience by cultural people. Therefore, the colorful performance is only the discovery given by posterity. Wen Peng said in the poem "Visiting Gu Zi Zhi Longshi Mountain Residence":
Aier Village is well-lived, and the perch is endless.
The evening smoke condenses the trees white, and the frost leaves reflect the red of the mountains.
Rice is boiled fragrant japonica rice, tea is cooked gu Zhufeng.
The Ming Dynasty to the city, do not have to read nihong.
Since Wen Peng, his seal engraving has the meaning of "opening the dynasty and opening the sunset show", and he also founded the first seal carving school in China, "Wumen Sect", also known as the "Three Bridges School" (Wen Peng No. 3 Bridges). At one time, the wind of seal engraving was great, and many literati, calligraphers and painters participated, and Wen Peng became the leader of the alliance without hesitation. With Suzhou as the center, learn from Wen Peng's He Zhen, Su Xuan, Wang Boqin, Chen Wanyan, Li Liufang, Gui Changshi, Gu Ting, etc. Zhu Jian of the Ming Dynasty said: "Since the three bridges, all of them have been from Si, Zhen, Qin han, and Yi Shengzai!" ”
Wen Peng's seal engraving works are characterized by ease and elegance, calm and beautiful, tracing han law, taking the legacy of the Song and Yuan dynasties and making new ideas. He carved and printed the six books, the seal text did not involve grotesque, directly interrogated the Qin and Han seals, Wen Peng seal at that time under the situation of the craftsmen dominating the world, finally earned a seat for the literati, so that the printing altar was a new look. Because the stone is easy to engrave, the creation of the side section of the seal is possible, and the first creation of the side section is opened, so that the creation of the side section has a strong cultural atmosphere. Since then, the use of seals by literary scholars has gradually changed to the use of stone seals, and self-engraving has become popular, which has played a great role in promoting the rapid development of seal engraving art. Seal carving entered the era of stone chapters with scribes as the main body, personality as the characteristics, and famous masters. He proposed that seal engraving should take the six books as the criterion, and use his own creation to practice his theory, so that seal engraving can become a unique category and form a three-legged situation with calligraphy and painting.
After Wen Peng, his disciple He Zhen opened a new school and achieved the "Hui Sect" (also known as the "Anhui School"). It had a great influence on the history of seal engraving. Many of his students have become masters, and printing has developed by leaps and bounds. He Zhen said: "The Six Books are not refined and righteous, but can drive the knife like a pen, I don't believe it." Today, He Zhen's words are outdated, and contemporary Indians, who do not understand the Six Books, are everywhere.
The Wen Peng family was knowledgeable and talented, and his poetry, calligraphy and painting, and seal engraving were all deeply accomplished. He is good at writing ink and bamboo, the old pen is longitudinal, between the dots, and the block in the chest is seen. He wrote in the axis of the "Ink Bamboo Diagram":
I love Gangnam Little Man Tian,
The flowers are exhausted.
North Window Self Exhibition South China Reading,
There is a cool breeze to the pillow.
He also works part-time in landscapes and can also flower and fruit. Wen Peng learned calligraphy and painting from his father. Bamboo stone orchid is his very good at and like the creative content, he painted ink bamboo, strong pen power, straight to the Song Dynasty Humanities Huzhou. He loves to use his thirsty pen to depict the curls of thorns, the light ink writing shows the stretching posture of orchid leaves, and the pitched opening and closing, vivid and lively orchids are embellished with a vivid state, and then dipped in ink to depict the full of charm of weeds, which echoes with the title and is harmonious and natural.
Wen Peng's landscape paintings are also his favorite painting subjects, and his landscape paintings inherit the painting style of his father Wen Zhengming, showing a kind of lush wind in his paintings, which is also a prominent feature of his landscape paintings. Looking closely at his paintings, it can be seen that Wen Peng's painting style explores the style of the Yuanren, integrates it into his own creation, absorbs Wu Zhen's techniques and style paradigms, and inherits the physical characteristics of Wu Zhen's lushness. The rocks and trees in his paintings inherit the characteristics of Wu Zhen's use of painting methods. In the arrangement of scenery, Wen Peng often arranges several trees in the picture, and these trees are not vague and abstract, but can be described in the TD paintings. Pine trees have always been admired and admired by literati, and its image of a tenacious and unrestful hermit has been integrated into artistic creation.
Painting pine trees can show the painter's awe-inspiring, noble and simple character, so the image of gu song often appears in Wen Peng's paintings. Looking at the arrangement of his paintings, there will be no miscellaneous trees in the close-up, but will choose the ancient trees with lush branches, green and upright roots as the image of the picture, so as to praise his tenacious and tenacious quality and spirit. Studying Wen Peng's paintings, it can be observed that he completely inherited the treatment method of his predecessor Wu Zhen on the selection and arrangement of trees. Wen Peng used the technique of painting stones, the ink color is light ink, and when painting the mountain, he will use thick ink and then dip it into water to dye moss on the mountain. His paintings are vigorous and the colors are thick and intense, which is really a good follower of Wu Zhen's painting style.
Wen Pengjing calligraphy, Shaocheng Jiaxue, Wen's father and son, with the word "family learning" worthy of the name. Wen Peng first learned Zhong (繇) Wang (羲之), and later followed Huai Su and became a family of his own. In his later years, he studied Sun Guoting with all his strength, and he paid attention to the eclectic collection of various families on the basis of cursive learning, but he was not bound to his predecessors, but innovated and developed in the inheritance, and gradually explored his own style in practice. In idleness, there is no loss of rules, staggered, radiant, and the method of Sun Guoting is used to write essays and signs. His father's contemporary name created a huge pressure on him, so he tried to break through all his life. However, the fence has been fenced for a long time, is it possible for individuals to do it? His seal and subordinate are the most quintessential, and he is committed to seal carving, so why not be a new life in art? One thing, it is not an exaggeration to say that Wen Peng is a master of poetry, calligraphy and painting.
Lu Xiuhui has a poem "Song for Wen Peng", poem Yun:
Majestic peaks in front of you,
Hurry to climb the clouds.
Sigh but this is very hard,
When I come, I will fall asleep.
Don't dare to look at the door urgently,
Sigh Takamatsu.
Entering the mountains and sitting in the midst of all the wonders,
The alarmist rhetoric has shaken the world.
Yinxue recognizes the king as the patriarch,
Draw home to learn curling crumbs.
There are more verses that are not caught,
How dare calligraphy stand alone?
Counting the arts into the sea to float,
There is no shame in being crazy about anything.
Trapped in the forest, once starved,
You may wish to get drunk in the village.
Exploring the mountains is like a full stomach,
The art seems to be drunk.
The world is towering,
The old eyes will kneel.
I don't see my crazy ears,
It brought me to tears.
I see that the ink is barren,
Often hate not learning to close the heart.
Purple Micro Peugeot Phoenix Wing Look,
Stop the clouds and seek fame and knowledge!