On May 20, 1952, the Iranian delegation visited Moscow to discuss economic and trade relations between the two countries, Amini, as Iran's economic minister, proposed that the Soviet Union buy oil in the near future, the Soviet Union said that it could buy Iranian oil, but the mode of transportation should be by rail, from Abadan through the Caspian Railway to the border between the Soviet Union and Iran, Amini believed: if the Caspian Railway is used to transport oil, it will cause confusion in the allocation of goods in Iran, in addition to oil, Iran has other export goods. These rely on railways, because the amount of oil in the two countries is too large, the use of railways will crowd out the transportation of other goods, making the Iranian economy more difficult, so it is not agreed that the Caspian Railway transports oil, and according to the previous records of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, the Caspian Railway can transport up to 5,000 tons of oil per month, which is far from the oil contract between the Soviet Union and Iran, if the small-scale export railway system is still available, large-scale use is not appropriate, in addition, the two countries also have differences in oil prices and the purity of refined oil.
The Soviet Union has always supported Iran's People's Party, and the People's Party and the National Front led by Mosaddegh have common points, but there are also differences, such as religious beliefs, Azerbaijani nationality and other issues, Mossaddegh's adherence to nationalism does not advocate the establishment of a socialist system at home, the abolition of private ownership, these are essentially different from the People's Party, based on the above reasons, the Soviet Union and the Iranian Mossaddegh regime did not establish close diplomatic relations. After 1954, with the return of Shah Pahlavi to power, Iran and Britain and the United States became closer. Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Iran have been lukewarm. Iran joined the Treaty of Baghdad in 1955, and the Soviet Union reacted strongly because of its geopolitical considerations with Iran and because the treaty contained obligations and alliances.
In March 1956, when Kuznetsov led a delegation to Iran and met with Iranian Foreign Minister Adalan , Kuznetsov severely denounced the Baghdad Organization as an aggressive organization whose establishment violated the Charter of the United Nations, citing the British invasion of Egypt in 1956 as an example. Regarding Kucnetsov's accusations, Aranda emphasized two points: first, Iran has always advocated safeguarding the independence of small countries, respecting the rights of small countries, and small countries should not be enslaved; Second, Iran advocates a ban on arms transactions that threaten national sovereignty.
Aranda stressed that the Baghdad Pact was a defensive treaty organization and that the other members of the Treaty Organization considered Britain's actions against Egypt to be acts of aggression. Muslim countries of the Treaty Organization recently held a conference in Tehran to call on the British and Egyptian sides to exercise restraint, end hostilities and restore peace. Kuznetsov also made it clear that the Soviet Union would not allow Iran to agree to the establishment of a nuclear base by the United States within its territory, nor would it allow it to engage in acts that threatened the security of the Soviet Union in Iran. Adalan reiterated Iran's policy: Iran is committed to peace and maintaining domestic stability, Iran opposes any country's use of Iranian territory to engage in subversive activities against other countries, and always abides by the UN Charter. Iran's accession to the Baghdad Treaty Organization showed Iran's participation in the framework of the international security system led by Britain and the United States, and the Soviet Union clearly opposed it, but it did not work, which naturally affected the diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Iran;
Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Arab oil-producing countries were also relatively cold, at that time Arab oil-producing countries were mainly Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia received assistance from the United States during World War II, and after the war became the pillar of the United States' Middle East policy; The Emirate of Kuwait is in a semi-independent state, its internal and foreign affairs have been controlled by Britain, the Soviet Union has no opportunity to contact these countries, only Iraq, the Soviet Union after the overthrow of the Faisal dynasty in 1958, has the opportunity for further contact, after the establishment of the Republic of Iraq, the Taksim regime in order to get rid of the influence of Iraqi oil companies, cancel the oil concession system. The Soviet Union helped Iraq build oil refineries and lay oil pipelines, and signed economic agreements with Iraq to export Iraqi machinery and equipment, cement and other means of production, but the economic complementarity between the Soviet Union and Iraq was not great.
After 50 years, the Soviet Union's domestic oil production recovered rapidly, the Baku oil field in the Caucasus of the Soviet Union, the Tyumen oil field in West Siberia have a large oil production surplus, the Soviet Union's aid to build Iraqi oil itself has set competitors for its own oil exports, the Hashim regime only maintains friendly relations with the Soviet Union, changing the image of the kingdom era that is too dependent on Britain, and does not want to sign specific obligations with the Soviet Union, and the Hashim regime still maintains traditional economic and trade relations with Britain and other Western countries. The Soviet Union's industrial products did not have much advantage in competition with Western countries in the Iraqi market, and the relations between the two sides did not develop in depth. The cold political relations between the Soviet Union and the oil-producing countries of the Middle East had two effects: first, it ensured the monopoly position of Anglo American Oil in the region and guaranteed a stable supply of oil production to Britain and the Western allies; The second was to address the British government's fears of preventing the Soviet Union from using political connections to support pro-Soviet and nationalist forces in the oil-producing country, bringing radicals to power, recovering the interests of Anglo American Oil and nationalizing the oil industry.
