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At the beginning of the twentieth century, the first scholars of prehistoric cave art saw chronology as the key to their research, and they proposed a theory of linear evolution, making major suggestions for the development of prehistoric art. However, it was not until the 1990s that new methods of dating painting emerged, redefining the timeline of the European Paleolithic. Nevertheless, there is a divergence in the understanding of the development of early prehistoric art, with most studies of prehistoric art focusing on the Late Paleolithic period with relatively little understanding of the early stages. In the process, the emergence of AMS radiocarbon dating and other techniques has opened up possibilities for the application of scientific data. This article will take you through the Las Chimenes Cave, a discovery that changed our understanding of the development of prehistoric art.
The Las Chimenes Cave is located in Montecastillo, in the municipal district of Ponta de Viesgo in northern Spain, and its discovery dates back to 1953. The Monte Castillo region also includes some other caves with prehistoric art, such as El Castillo, Pasiga, Las Monedas and Cantra I. The caves in this area are concentrated on a cone-shaped hill known as the "sacred mountain", which is considered symbolic because of the density of the patterns within the cave and the continuous decoration and occupation of the site. In 2008, UNESCO listed Las Chimeneas as a World Heritage Site.
The Las Chimenes Cave is divided into two levels, connected by a 15-meter-deep shaft or "chimney". Although the modern entrance has been closed, this passage leads directly to the most densely decorated area, the "Hall of Paintings". Starting from the Hall of Paintings, the cave continues forward, crossing some narrow and difficult passages. The cave art here dates back to the late Paleolithic period, while little is known about the previous period.
The cave art of Las Chimenes relies mainly on comparisons between outdated portable art and parietal leaf series to determine the era. Therefore, understanding the art of caves in the early period is essential to our study of prehistoric art.
Over the past few decades, the application of AMS radiocarbon dating and other techniques has made it possible to solve these critical problems. However, these issues still require further research and discussion in order to gain a fuller understanding of the development of cave art and prehistoric culture in Las Chimenez.
From a technical and stylistic point of view, the cave art of Las Chimenez is generally attributed to the Upper Sulutrean or the earliest Magdalenian period. However, this hypothesis still needs further confirmation and research.
Overall, the cave art of Las Chimenes offers us the unique opportunity to delve into the development of prehistoric art and explore the cultural and historical context behind the creation of these works of art. By constantly researching and using new high-precision date technologies, we will gain a deeper understanding of prehistoric humans and their creativity.
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