Text: Humility talks about the style of writing
Editor|Humility talks about the style of writing
Yang Wanli's writings before the age of 36 were destroyed by fire, and his existing works were all created after the age of 36. Yang Wanli's earliest surviving illness poem was written in the first year of Longxing, when Yang Wanli was thirty-seven years old.
It can be said that his illness-related poems run through his existing poetry creation, and the time span is very large, and we can see his illness and emotional state from these illness-related poems.
It can be seen from the table that Yang Wanli did not stop writing illness poems at different periods of his life, and the number of disease-related poems in the three periods was relatively even.
1. Yang Wanli's illness-related poems are written in stages
From the thirty-second year of Shaoxing to the fourth year of Chunxi, during this period, Yang Wanli was seriously ill and then worried, basically living in his hometown of Jishui, and his poetry naturally turned to the expression of life, and illness as an important part of his life inevitably became the object of his attention.
It is the prime of life when he is eager to make contributions, but Yang Wanli can only live alone, feeling lonely and ambitious, and the minor illnesses in this period continue to amplify his emotional experience, and the experience of illness makes him appear depressed and depressed in this period.
In the second year of Shaoxi, Yang Wanli was politically active and left his hometown to serve in the capital, which can be said to be a time when his career was proud, the number of his poetry creations reached a peak, and the number of poems related to illness also increased.
Although the number of disease-related poems in this period was higher than that in the previous and previous periods, the overall poetry creation in this period accounted for a relatively small amount, accounting for only 2.8%, which shows that Yang Wanli's attention to diseases was low during this period.
At that time, the poet was already middle-aged, and his physical ailments were more frequent and severe than in the previous stage, and his aging body was more sensitive to the perception of the outside world.
When the weather becomes cold, the poet can feel "dew drops of new cold bullying sick bones" ("Four Songs of Sleeplessness, Part 1"), and even sigh that "the new cold has bullied the sick bones" ("The Rest of the Sacred Books of the Dojo of the Xia Yuan Riyi Festival"), "The Old Body Has Been Sick by the Mountain Cold" ("Crossing the Lake Luokeng: Part II").
In the poem "Wind and Rain", the poet even thinks that "the remnants of the wind and rain are deceiving", and it is necessary to "hang the foil and close the window to protect the sick body". The poet of the cold wind and cold rain could not avoid it, and tried to protect the sick body from the invasion of wind and cold. Therefore, the poet attaches great importance to the maintenance of the body, pays attention to adding clothes in time, and understands that "autumn clothes dare to be thin, and the sick bones are difficult to warm".
From the third year of Shaoxi to the second year of Kaixi, during this period, the poet entered his old age, retired to Jishui, and had no political troubles, so that he could enjoy a leisurely retirement life in his old age. However, because of old age, the disease is even worse, and although the number of disease poems is not as good as in the previous period, the proportion has greatly increased, accounting for 14.8%.
At this stage, he suffered from gonorrhea, and moaned bitterly in "Resignation and Summons to Go to the Concert": "Fu Zi went to autumn, even babies have gonorrhea, when he lives peacefully, it seems to be fine, and when he has an attack, the pain is unbearable, the viciousness is worse than cutting and cooking, and the moaning reaches the neighboring song......"
In his poems, the pain of gonorrhea is vividly displayed, the poet is in pain when he is in gonorrhea, "the liver and intestines have always been painful like a cut", "the extreme pain is too much to cut, and the whole body is always a disaster", and the pain of gonorrhea attacks is painful and terrifying.
Leisure and retirement did not alleviate the extreme physical pain, and the torture of illness made the poet's negative emotions inevitably explode, and the positive and enterprising attitude of the previous period disappeared under the torture of illness, leaving only a painful body and a desperate mind.
In such unbearable pain, Yang Wanli still maintained his thoughts on life, and in "Autumn in Illness", he sighed: "In the midst of illness, there are only three autumns, and the west wind is in the tree." When you get old, you can avoid a few times of illness, and you don't worry about others in autumn. The book curtain dreams of doubting the monk's couch, and the bamboo door is cold like a passenger boat. Longevity is a blessing, otherwise there is no need to rest in vain. ”
In the face of illness, the poet pondered the relationship between life and illness, a moment in illness is like three years, pain makes time unbearable, and life force passes quietly. Now that he is old, he does not know how many times he can endure the pain, which makes him think that the joy of life lies not in longevity, but in Corning, and at this time the poet values the quality of life more than the length of life.
Endless illness makes longevity difficult, and the passage of life force makes the aging body at a loss. Despite these reflections, the poet was still unable to dispel his physical ailments, and his state of mind became pessimistic and hopeless during this period.
The reason why Yang Wanli wrote poems related to illness
Since Yang Wanli re-wrote poetry, illness-related poems have a place in his poetry, which is inseparable from his own experience of illness. At the same time, the loneliness and boredom of idle life and the health mentality also influenced his poetry.
Yang Wanli has been sick all his life, and the illness has brought him pain and mental loneliness, tiredness and despair, and it is the primary reason for Yang Wanli's illness to write poems by depicting the painful symptoms of illness and expressing the loneliness and depression in his heart. Specifically, Yang Wanli has mainly suffered from the following diseases in his life.
First, eye diseases. For example, in "Duxia Sanssouci Pavilion Xiaolou Spring Travel Two Songs", "the sick eye does not dare to open the book, and the spring mud does not come to thank the guests", in "Yonghe Meets the Wind", "the remaining desire to open the Huaina ravine, but the sick eye can see the wind and sand", "The sick eye hates the red candle" in "Spring Cold and Early Dynasty", "Xie Zhanggong's father sends a peony", "The sick eye is painful to read", and so on.
The torture of eye disease made the poet's reading limited and "painful", which made him hate the dazzling "red candle" even more, and even shed tears in the wind when there was wind and sand.
Second, foot disease. "Who knows that sick feet hinder walking" in "Sick Foot Pain", "Feet are more cold when they are five, and everything is not as good as others when they are old", and "Ten Poems of the Sons of the Sons of Zhai Garden, the Sixth" in "Son Cao Jian walks all the canals, and the old feet are slightly sore and half have to be helped".
In "Self-Dispatch", "the sick wind and sick feet", the sick feet are weak, I see the son walking like flying, but he half needs to be helped, the foot pain on weekdays hinders walking, and the night is even colder, and the poet is not as good as ordinary people.
Third, lung disease. In "Playing with the Moon in Early Autumn", "the old man is sick and his lungs are timid in the autumn, and he is not worried about the moon if he doesn't drink wine", when the poet is sick with lungs, he feels timid about the coolness of the autumn, and he doesn't dare to drink wine to the moon.
Fourth, gonorrhea. In "Bingyin Rendai Medicine Deliverer Zhou Shuliang Returns to Ji County", "The liver and intestines have always been painful like cutting", "I got gonorrhea in April last year and the disease is still not healed in April", "the extreme pain is too cut, and the whole body is always a disaster", gonorrhea tormented Yang Wanli with unbearable pain in his later years.
In short, Yang Wanli's own illness is one of the reasons why he writes disease-related poems, which have become an important medium for Yang Wanli to express the pain caused by illness.
In the prime of life, Yang Wanli was worried about his father in Jishui, during which he stayed away from officialdom for a long time, so he wrote more about daily life, and the experience of illness was infinitely magnified in the boredom of idleness.
In "Two Poems of Zhang Jingfu", he sighed: "Born in poverty, poetry is also sick", idle and boring, there are not many poems, and the disease expands this feeling, making the poet feel more and more depressed. In "Three Songs with Zhou Zhongjue: The Third", the poet sighed: "Illness is more sorrowful, and tears are only sorrowful." ”
The experience of illness makes the poet add to the sorrow of idleness, and the tears flow only sorrow, which is the true inner portrayal of the poet, and the illness deepens the psychology of depression.
Many of Yang Wanli's early illness-related poems are related to his idle-living life at that time, and the experience of idleness is not only leisurely and comfortable, but more lonely, depressed and at a loss.
Despite his pessimistic attitude towards the disease, Yang Wanli still tried to maintain his health to heal the disease. He dragged his old sick body to "the rooftop incense is strong, and he accompanies his husband to learn health". At the same time, he also tried to relieve the pain of illness, "Sitting at the End of Spring at Night": "How can you know the pain of the day, and you don't care what you do." Even when Bai Fu Changqing gathers, he has to rejoice in the film. ”
The pain of illness cannot be relieved, it is better to find the things you love, so that you can be happy for a while. In addition to this, he also pays attention to the care of the body. In "Five Songs of Autumn", I feel that autumn is coming, and when the temperature drops, I will "lie down" and not "peep at the firewood"; In "New Autumn Evening Drink", I felt that the autumn wind was coming, so I was worried that my body couldn't bear it, so I hurriedly asked people to close the window.
The emotional implications of Yang Wanli's illness-related poems
Yang Wanli's illness poems run through every stage of his life after the age of 36, and in these stages, the illness poems contain rich emotional expressions, which can be summarized as follows: old age, illness and frailty, individual loneliness, and exploration and questioning of life.
First of all, the feeling of old age and infirmity. Yang Wanli has been sick all his life, starting from the first illness-related poem in the first year of Longxing, the disease has accompanied him until he is old, and he has been creating disease-related poems. In the first year of Longxing, Yang Wanli was thirty-seven years old, and he was in the age of establishment, but he had already felt the feeling of old illness and weakness in his illness.
In "Gong Lingguo Ying's Little Gathering of Coldness and Feeling of Returning to Lie and Endowed with Two Songs", which was written in this year, he said: "Ask me if I am well, why I am sick." At first time, as a guest, he was still suspicious. ”
At this time, Yang Wanli already felt that the illness had caused the loss of vitality, and he also questioned whether it was due to old age. After the year of confusion, Yang Wanli often hung old illnesses in his mouth, such as "Two Songs of Illness with Wang Caichen", "How to lie sick again, worry about the two", "Send Luo Yongnian back to Yongfeng", "The old man stays sick and looks at the Chinese subject".
In "Autumn Classics", "the old man is still sick, but there are poems left in the poor", "Hu Jiyong's Two Elegiac Poems", "The frost blows the tears, and the old tears are the drains", "The sick body is still crying, and the old man is in love" in "The Sick Body is Still Crying, and Being Old and Old", and in "Feeling Sick and Weak", "There is no trouble at the beginning of the illness, and An Lai begins to feel the decline."
People who grow healthy, old and old", after the pain, suddenly feel a lot of aging, this sense of old and weak disease began from Yang Wanli's creation of disease-related poems, which can be said to be the disease and the loss of vitality brought him the first and most direct feeling.
Second, the individual's loneliness in the experience of illness. Yang Wanli lived in his hometown of Jishui for a long time in his life, and his isolated life magnified the painful experience of illness and his personal loneliness.
In many of his illness-related poems, loneliness and illness are combined, such as "Chasing and Thanking Father for His Illness", "No one sits alone and the moon is about to fall, hugging the nose and singing the night".
"Fa Zhao Tun Defeng Su Yang Lin Chi is a 200 miles a day", "After the sick crane flew alone, looking back at the golden cage began to be sorrowful", "The two poems of Tang Law sent by Yi Jianzi Zhineng by the military envoy Yi Jianzi", "Chai Sang was sick and a thatched house, or a lonely boat or a life car", etc., the loneliness of living alone and the boredom of staying away from political affairs were infinitely magnified in his experience of illness.
Finally, the exploration and questioning of life. Illness not only makes people feel physical pain and spiritual loneliness, but also makes people explore and ask about life on this basis, the length of life and the quality balance of life are the questions that Yang Wanli has raised after experiencing illness and loneliness, and strives to find answers.
After his illness, he had no choice but to feel the inevitability of the disappearance of his vitality in "Five Songs of Emotional Autumn: Part I". "Sigh and sigh, who is the eldest boy", the vigorous vitality of the teenager no longer exists, and he can only sigh and accept the fact that the vitality is gone. In the midst of his illness, he realized that "longevity is a blessing", "otherwise there is no need to rest in life", and the important thing in life is quality rather than length.
epilogue
In short, Yang Wanli's disease-related poems occupy an important position in his poetry creation, and illness as an important life experience throughout his life involves rich content in his poems, reflecting different emotional states at each stage of life, and his thoughts and thoughts during his illness are expressed by his illness-related poems.
In Yang Wanli's illness-related poems, we see his pain and helplessness, as well as his thoughts on life in pain.