Chagatai was the second son of Genghis Khan and his wife, Boer Thera, and the founder of the Chagatai Khanate. After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, he was posthumously honored by Kublai Khan as "Emperor Zhongwu of the Yuan Dynasty".
So today Xiaobian will talk about the historical story of Emperor Zhongwu of the YuanShengzong Dynasty.
Biography
As a steppe people and the son of Genghis Khan, Chagatai, in addition to being proficient in riding and shooting like many steppe boys, also followed his father and brother to expand the territory for the empire.
In 1211, along with Genghis Khan,Henjin(s) attacked the prefectures of Yunnei, Dongsheng, Wu, and Shuo with Bo'er Zhijin Shuchi and Bo'er Zhijin Andokutai.
In 1213, it again parted ways to cut gold. The Mongols attacked Jin in a big way, and he and Shuchi and Wokoutai led the Right Route Army to break through most of the prefectures and counties on the east and west sides of the Taihang Mountains.
In 1219, he accompanied Genghis Khan on his western expedition. Subsequently, together with Shuchi, Wokoutai was ordered to attack Khwarazm (an ancient state in the Amu Darya Valley in Central Asia) and capture its capital, Yulong Jiechi (present-day Old Urgench of Turkmenistan, not the city of Urgench of Uzbekistan). Genghis Khan enfeoffed him the grassland area west of the Wu'er up to the Amu Darya River, and set up huyasi near Alimari (present-day west of Huocheng, Xinjiang).
In 1225, Genghis Khan went on a campaign against Western Xia, and Chagatai was ordered to stay in the Mongols. He is at odds with his eldest brother, And gets along well with his brother Kuotai. After the death of Genghis Khan, Chagatai followed his will to support wokoutai, the Great Khan. He also observed the etiquette of his subordinates in peacetime to maintain the dignity of the Great Khan. Chagatai was familiar with Mongolian laws and enforced them harshly. Wokoutai had great respect for Chagatai, and the great affairs of the khanate must be consulted by envoys first, and his consent should be obtained before proceeding.
In 1226 AD, Genghis Khan went out to conquer Western Xia, and Chagatai stayed behind to guard the ears of Dahuo and get along well with Wokoutai. After the death of Genghis Khan, Chagatai honored Genghis Khan's will and succeeded him. Although Chagatai had a good relationship with Wokoutai, he never took a step above the top and the bottom, always adhered to the etiquette of his subordinates, and maintained the dignity of the Great Khan. Chagatai treated Wokoutai in this way, and Wokoutai also returned with great trust, and all major matters of the khanate would be discussed with Chagatai before making a decision.
In 1241, Chagatai died of illness seven months later. Shortly after his death, Wokoutai also died. After Guiyu Khan succeeded to the throne, he changed his name to Chagatai's fifth son, Yasu Möngke, as the Khan of the Chagatai Khanate.
Inwokoutai called him Aha (brother), and successive Great Khans also called his heir Chagatai Aha. After the reign of the Great Khan, because he was friendly with chagatai's fifth son, Yasu Möngke, he changed his life to the Khan of the Chagatai Khanate.
Character influences: 1. Founding the Khanate
The Chagatai Khanate (chagatai khanate), nominally a northwestern feudal state of the Yuan Dynasty, was formed by the expansion of Chagatai, the second son of Genghis Khan, according to his territory. At its peak, the Chagatai Khanate stretched from Turpan and Lop Nur to the west to the Amu River, north to the Tarbahatai Mountains, and south to the Hindu Kush Mountains, including the Altai to the Middle River region (the river region refers specifically to a large area between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers). Erdo (Palace Tent) is located in Huyasi in the territory of Alimari. The three tribes of Baruch, Zarayir, and Kreyatti were the main Mongols in the khanate, and their rulers were of Chagatai descent.
For political initiatives
During the reign of the Great Khan of Wokoutai, Chagatai held a lofty position in the political life of the Mongol Empire and played a certain decision-making role in major issues. Not only did he inherit the Uluth and army given to him by Genghis Khan, but he also enjoyed supreme power in his own kingdom of Beguir Bali (present-day Virgil Sal Baozi, Xinjiang). According to Rasht's Collected Histories, Hehan (the Great Khan) often sent emissaries to consult with Chagatai on all major events, and did not deal with these matters without his opinion and consent. ”
In 1241, Wokoutai died. According to the edict, it was supposed to be succeeded by the emperor's grandson, But the regent, Naima zhen, violated the edict and made his son Guiyu Khan (Genghis Khan's younger brother Timug tried to seize the khan's power, but ultimately failed).
In 1248, Guiyu Khan died violently in the "Western Patrol" army. Tuolei's eldest son, Möngke, with the support of the Shuchi clan Ofu, successfully seized the Khanate position, and the Khan system was transferred from the "Wokoutai system" to the "Tuolei system".
The Chagatai Khanate founded by Emperor Zhongwu of the Yuan Dynasty
Introduction to the Chagatai Khanate: The Chagatai Khanate (1222-1683) was a northwestern feudal state of the Yuan Dynasty, which was expanded by The Chagatai, the second son of Genghis Khan, according to his territory. At its peak, the Chagatai Khanate stretched from Turpan, Lop Nur to the west and the Amu River, north to the Tarbahatai Mountains, and south to the Hindu Kush Mountains, including the Altai to the River Region (the River Region specifically refers to the large area between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya Rivers).
The site of The Palace of Erdo (Gong Tent) is located in Alimari (an ancient place name in Xinjiang, China, also known as Alima, meaning "Apple City", and the site is located in the northeast of Alimari County, Ili Huocheng, Xinjiang. The loya thoughts within the territory. The three tribes of Baruch, Zarayir, and Kreyatti were the main Mongols in the khanate, and their rulers were of Chagatai descent.
Historical changes: During the reign of the Great Khan of Wokoutai, Chagatai (Wokoutai Brother) held a lofty position in the political life of the Mongol Empire and played a certain decision-making role on major issues. Not only did he rule over the Uluth and the army granted by Genghis Khan, but he also enjoyed supreme power in his own kingdom of Bejembali (present-day Weiji Musar, Xinjiang). According to Rasht's Collected Histories, Hehan (the Great Khan) often sent emissaries to consult with Chagatai on all major events, which could not be handled without his opinion and consent.
After the death of Chagatai Khan, his grandson Halahu Kul (Khalahu Lie) succeeded to the Khan's throne. Because the Chagatai and Wokoutai families opposed Möngke's succession to the throne of the Great Khan, Möngke Khan ruled the hezhong region. The jurisdiction of Khazar was limited to the eastern region, and he died on the way before he reached the mansion. According to the decree of Möngke Khan, Naihadun (empress) ruled the Chagatai Khanate for 10 years.
After the death of Möngke Khan, a long struggle for the Khan's throne broke out within the Genghis Khan family. Kublai Khan, Ali Buge, Haidu, and others all attempted to occupy the Chagatai Khanate, and the region became a place of contention. Kublai Khan had sent Uluk, the son of Abifhe (Great-grandson of Chagatai), who had served him, to the Chagatai Khanate as monarch, but unfortunately Uluk was killed by Alibugo's army on the way.
Alibugo sent Aruku, the son of Baidar (the sixth son of Chagatai), as the monarch of the Chagatai Khanate and guaranteed the supply of military supplies, so that he could guard against the invasion of Kublai Khan's army. Later, Aruku recaptured the hezhong region from Batu, making the Chagatai Khanate truly an independent khanate.
In 1264, Arukhu died. In 1265, Mubarasha, the son of Khazar, ascended to the Khanate throne. In order to control the Chagatai Khanate, Kublai Khan sent Ba La and MuBa La-Sha to jointly administer the Chagatai Khanate in the same year. Mubara-Sha was inclined to the Abaha Khan of the Ilkhanate, so it was not welcome to The Eight. Therefore, in accordance with Kublai Khan's will, Ba La, in collusion with the clerks of Mu Ba La-Sha and some soldiers, carried out activities to overthrow Mu Ba La-Sha, and finally became the monarch of the Chagatai Khanate.
After the battle between Alibugo and Kublai Khan ended, Wokoutai's grandson Haidu used Ye Mili as a base to unite with the kings of the Jurchen clan to wage a struggle against Kublai Khan. In accordance with Kublai Khan's orders, Ba Lai led an army to attack Haidu and occupied part of it. Timur, the busy brother of the Shuchi clan, sent his brother Er'er to lead 50,000 cavalry to aid Haidu, causing Haidu to reassemble his scattered army to engage Ba la, and as a result, Ba La lost. The kings of the Shuchi, Chagatai, and Wokoutai clans all wanted to monopolize the hezhong region, but in order to reconcile their contradictions, in 1269 a gathering in the Tarasi (Taraz) steppe east of the Amu Darya River decided to divide the river region into three parts, under the jurisdiction of Bala, Haidu, and Timur. It was also decided that the kings would unite against Kublai Khan. After the Tatars, The Eight Andes and Haidu became "Anda (Righteous Brothers), who purged Kublai Khan's supporters and confiscated his assets, then pointed the finger at the Torre Ilkhanate."
In 1270, when the Eight-Blade army invaded Khorasan (south of the present-day Amu Darya River and north of the Hindu Kush Mountains), Haidu sent Chincha and Chabat (sons of the Brain) to lead an army to help, and the Eight-Year Army occupied most of Khorasan and plundered Nishabul and other places. Chincha and Chabati left the EightFold Division as instructed by Haidu. In July, The army of Bala was defeated by the army of the Abaha Khan of the Ilkhanate, and only 5,000 remnants of the army fled to Bukhara. After arriving in Bukhara, He converted to Islam, gathered 30,000 troops, and prepared to attack Chincha and Chabat in two ways, but soon fell ill and died in Bukhara. After the death of Thera, Timur succeeded to the Khan's throne.
During timur's reign, there was another division within the ruling clique, with Thera's eldest son, Timur, and others defecting to Kublai Khan, while the sons of Mubala-Sha and Khalakul defected to Abaha Khan.
In 1274, Haidu handed over the khanate of the Chagatai Khanate to the son of The Eight Rakshasas, Duwa , who ruled for 32 years. During Duwa's reign, he pointed the finger at the Ilkhanate and the rule of Kublai Khan. He occupied koschenin in the Ilkhanate (present-day Ghazni, Afghanistan) and, based on this, made several expeditions to India, entering the Punjab and Sindh, but did not establish his own rule in either Koshinin and India.
In 1298, Duwa attacked the Yuan dynasty army stationed on the front line of Jinshan, capturing and killing the leader of the Wanggu clan, Kuri jisi. In 1301, Duwa and Haidu led an army to fight with the Yuan Dynasty army at Theqiangu Mountain (ThejianguShan, between the Altai Mountains and the Zabha River), and Duwa was wounded by an arrow, and Haidu was also wounded and killed.
After Haidu died of his wounds in 1302, Duwa became the de facto ruler of the Chagatai Khanate, and he gave the eastern lands of the khanate to Haidu's son Chaba'er to rule. However, Chaba'er wanted to control the entire Chagatai Khanate, and a power struggle broke out with Duwa. The struggle between Duwa and Chaba'er facilitated the intervention of the Yuan court in the khanate. The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty all supported Duwa, forcing ChaBa'er to submit to Duwa. Since then, the Wokoutai clan has lost its right to rule over the Chagatai Khanate. Duwa and Chaba'er were forced to ask Emperor Yuanchengzong for peace and re-recognize the suzerainty of the Yuan Emperor.
Soon, Duwa and the Yuan Dynasty joined forces to defeat ChaBa'er and annexed most of the territory of the Wokoutai Khanate. In 1306, Duwa died of illness, and Kuanche (宽阇) succeeded him as Khan and continued to implement a policy of friendship with the Yuan Dynasty.
At a banquet in 1309, he assassinated the Chagatai Khan Tari. Timidity temporarily took over the khanate, and the wokoutai kings led by ChaBa'er united to launch an armed attack on Theobo Khan (TimidIty), which was defeated in several battles and finally defected to Qulu Khan (Yuan Wuzong). The territory of the Wokoutai family was occupied by the Chagatai family, and part of its subjects belonged to the Chagatai family and the other part became the subjects of the Chincha (Golden Horde) Khanate. The Wokoutai Khanate was incorporated into the Chagatai Khanate in 1310.
The historical story of Emperor Zhongwu of the Yuan Dynasty
From 1211, He'er Zhijin Chagatai followed his father Genghis Khan, as well as his eldest brother Bo'er Zhijin Shuchi and his third brother Bo'er Zhijin Wokoutai to attack the Jin kingdom, and in 1213 he again divided his troops and marched on Jin, and joined forces with his brothers to defeat the Jin army. In 1219, he accompanied his father Genghis Khan on a western expedition to attack the ancient kingdom of Central Asia and captured the capital of the ancient country. Because of his great achievements, Genghis Khan divided the grassland between Uyghur and the Amu Darya River to Boerjin Chagatai. In 1225, when Genghis Khan went to western Xia, because of his great military achievements, Genghis Khan divided the grassland between Uyghur and the Amu Darya River to Boerjin Chagatai.
After the death of Genghis Khan, Bo'er Only Jin Chagatai supported Wo Kuotai to become the new khan, so although Wo Kuotai was a great han, he had great respect for BoEr Only Jin Chagatai, and any major matter in the khanate had to be consulted and discussed with BoEr Only Jin Chagatai, and would only be carried out after obtaining the consent of Boer Only Jin Chagatai. From this, it can be seen that after the ascension of his brother Chagatai to the throne of his brother Wokoutai, although he was the Great Khan of the Chagatai Khanate, his status in the Mongol Empire was no less than that of Wokoutai, he had major decision-making power over major events in Mongolia, and ruled Genghis Khan's Uluth and army, and he had supreme power as the Great Khan in his kingdom, and he was very happy in his later years. After the death of Chagatai, his second son Batu succeeded him to the Khanate.
Son of Baby Only Jin Chagatai
Chagatai, full name Bo'er only Jin Chagatai, he established the Chagatai Khanate. It was managed by him and his grandson's descendants. There are few descriptions of Chagatai's sons, but in fact there are not many Chagatai's sons.
Chagatai was the second son of Genghis Khan, who had followed Genghis Khan in his crusade against gold and had achieved good results. Because Chagatai was at odds with his brother but had a particularly good relationship with his brother, Chagatai succeeded him to the throne after Genghis Khan's death. Because the younger brother respected Chagatai very much, he would definitely ask Chagatai for advice before deciding on a major matter. After the death of Chagatai's younger brother, his younger brother chose Chagatai's son to succeed to the throne. The Chagatai Khanate, founded by Chagatai, chose his grandson to succeed him to the throne.
Chagatai's son Mu'a Baldan was killed in a war, and the death of Chagatai's son brought great sorrow to their family. Mu'a Baldan was a very good man, he was very good at riding and shooting, Genghis Khan liked his grandson, chagatai also liked his son. In that war, due to the fierce attack of the enemy, Mu'a Bald gan was unfortunately killed by an arrow.
Genghis Khan learned of this very sad news and ordered the concentration of forces to attack the enemy, and finally attacked the enemy city and slaughtered the city, leaving no one behind and leaving nothing, and flattened the city, and later Genghis Khan named the city The Evil City. Mu'a Bald gan was Chagatai's favorite son, and chagatai was particularly sad after his death. For the sake of his beloved son, Chagatai passed the throne of the Chagatai Khanate to his grandson Hachi Hulegu, the son of Mu'a Baldan. Chagatai, his sons, grandsons, and his descendants were the ones who made the Chagatai Khanate prosperous and prosperous, and they were also the ones who pushed the Chagatai Khanate.
The enmity between Chagatai and Shuchi
Shuchi and Chagatai were the eldest and second sons of Genghis Khan Temujin, respectively, and Both Shuchi and Chagatai were members of the Mongol royal family. They were brothers, but there was a constant conflict between Shuchi and Chagatai.
Shuchi was born during the war years, when the leader of the three surnames of the Qi'er Beggar Clan, Dehei Tuo'a, sneaked up on Temujin and took Temujin's wife, Who was also Shuchi's mother, who was pregnant when she was rescued, and then gave birth to Shuchi, which means guest in Mongolian. Therefore, the bloodline of Shuchi was doubted by many people, and the contradiction between Shuchi and Chagatai was very deep. Both Shuchi and Chagatai established their own khanates, and Shuchi established the Khanate of Chincha, and his death was tragic. In 1223, Genghis Khan summoned him to see him, Shuchi could not go because of illness, and was falsely accused of pretending to be ill, which caused Genghis Khan to be dissatisfied and decided to go west, and before the western expedition, Shuchi died of illness. Shuchi's second son, Battu, succeeded to the Khanate of Chincha.
Chagatai created the Chagatai Khanate, and later after the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, the Ancestors of the Yuan Dynasty posthumously honored Chagatai as Yuan Shengzong, with the courtesy name Ofechō Chungmu. Chagatai had a high status in the Yuan Dynasty, and when his third brother Wokoutai ruled the Yuan Dynasty, Chagatai could also make many major decisions, and Genghis Khan's Uluth and army were ruled by Chagatai, and he had supreme power in his chagatai khanate. Shuchi and Chagatai were both sons of Genghis Khan, and although Shuchi was suspected because of his lineage, he was the one who made the most military achievements under Shuchi during temujin's conquest, but Shuchi was always suspected by his brothers Chagatai and Wokoutai, and the contradiction with them was very large, and eventually died of illness.