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preface
Bighead carp farming is an important fishery industry, and its high protein content and popular food value make it the first choice for many farmers.
In the process of bighead carp farming, reasonable control of various nutrients in the feed is essential to ensure the healthy growth and quality of bighead carp.
Among them, iron, as an important trace element, plays key physiological and metabolic functions and has an important impact on the growth and development of bighead carp.
Next, Xiao Wang will learn with you whether controlling the iron content in the feed when farming bighead carp will make its body nutrients higher.
Iron content culture experiments
In bighead carp farming, precise control of the nutrients in the feed is essential to achieve its healthy growth and improve product quality.
As a trace element, iron is an important component in bighead carp and plays an important role in many biochemical reactions and physiological processes.
The iron demand of bighead carp is mainly reflected in hemoglobin synthesis, oxygen transport and cell metabolism, and the presence of iron ensures the normal physiological function and healthy development of bighead carp.
However, too high or too low iron content in feed can have a negative impact on the physiological condition and nutrient composition of bighead carp.
Therefore, reasonable control of iron content in feed has become an important measure to ensure the efficiency and product quality of bighead carp farming.
So we conducted a bighead carp culture experiment to study the effects of different iron levels on bighead carp growth and health, in order to understand whether proper control of iron content makes bighead carp have a higher nutrient content.
Bighead carp are sanitized and placed in makeshift tanks for 30 days before the experiment begins.
Next, the test fish were selected to ensure that they were similar in size and weight, and that they were in good health, and we randomly and evenly distributed the test fish into 18 trial terrariums, each with 30 fish.
In the trial, the iron content of the feed was one of the key factors, and six different levels were set: 0, 43.1, 84.2, 123.3, 162.2 and 203.1 mg/kg, which correspond to different percentages of iron.
During the test, the water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were monitored daily to ensure that the water quality was appropriate, the water temperature was maintained at 26±1.5 degrees Celsius, the dissolved oxygen was maintained at 7-8 mg/L, the pH was maintained at 7.0-7.5, and a 12-hour light cycle and a 12-hour dark light cycle were used.
Feed bighead carp twice a day, at 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., but make sure not to overfeed to avoid accumulation of leftover feed and feces.
Water exchange takes place every two days, with a water exchange of about 30% of the total water, and the test fish are fasted for 24 hours before sampling.
The indicators of the test included specific growth rate, weight gain rate, fertility and liver body index, which can be calculated by measuring the weight and body length of the test fish, and we also tested the composition of the fish, including crude ash, moisture, crude protein, crude fat and iron content.
So, what are the results we get?
Affects bighead carp growth and thus nutrient content
The iron content in food has a certain effect on the growth of bighead carp, and in the study, we found that when the iron content in the feed is between 0~84.2 mg/kg, there is no significant difference in the growth of bighead carp.
As the iron content in the feed increased, the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of bighead carp showed an interesting trend, i.e. it increased first and then decreased, and the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of bighead carp in the group with 123.3 mg/kg iron increased significantly compared to the group without iron added.
In this group, the weight gain rate of bighead carp reached 274.43%, the specific growth rate was 2.20%/day, and when the iron content in the feed continued to increase, the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of bighead carp decreased.
We found that when the weight gain rate and specific growth rate reached the maximum, the corresponding iron content in the feed, based on the specific growth rate and weight gain rate as a reference index, concluded that the appropriate iron requirement for bighead carp was 120–134.36 mg/kg.
The iron content in the feed also had an impact on the liver body index of bighead carp, which decreased first and then increased with the increase of iron content.
The group containing 84.2 mg/kg iron had the smallest PSI compared to the other groups, and was significantly lower than the group containing 162.2 mg/kg iron, but there was no significant difference compared to the other groups.
Therefore, the iron content in the feed had a significant effect on the liver body index of bighead carp.
These factors can affect the growth of bighead carp, which means that high-iron feed may have a negative impact on the growth rate and weight gain of bighead carp.
High iron content may interfere with the protein metabolism process of bighead carp, resulting in insufficient protein synthesis, which in turn affects its growth and development, and high-iron feed may also lead to an increase in the fat content of bighead carp, affecting its ideal meat quality.
On the other hand, low-iron feed will also have a negative impact on the growth of bighead carp, which in turn affects its nutrient content, iron is an important component of hemoglobin, and low-iron feed may lead to insufficient hemoglobin synthesis, affecting the oxygen transport and metabolic function of bighead carp.
This can lead to restricted growth of bighead carp, impaired bodily functions, and reduced resistance and immunity.
Therefore, suitable iron content is essential for the growth and optimization of nutrients of bighead carp, and suitable iron content can promote the normal metabolism and growth and development of bighead carp, helping to maintain good physical fitness and health.
The right iron content also provides sufficient oxygen transport capacity to maintain the cellular metabolism and immune function of bighead carp.
Therefore, controlling the iron content in the feed will undoubtedly improve the nutritional content of bighead carp, so in addition to indirectly affecting the nutritional content from affecting its growth, what aspects will also affect the nutritional content?
Effects of different iron levels on muscle composition in bighead carp
We found that different feed iron levels had a significant impact on some key components in bighead carp muscle, including crude protein content, crude ash content and moisture content.
We noticed that the group containing 84.2 mg/kg iron in the feed had the highest crude protein content in bighead carp muscle, significantly higher than the group containing 203.1 mg/kg iron, a significant difference compared to the other groups.
This showed that the level of iron in the feed had a significant effect on the crude protein content of bighead carp muscle, and with the increase of iron in the feed, the crude protein content of bighead carp muscle showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.
In addition, it was also found that the level of iron in the feed also affected the crude ash content in bighead carp muscle, and the crude ash content in the third group of the experiment was the lowest, significantly lower than in groups II, 5 and 6, but not significantly different from the group and group 4.
This suggests that different feed iron levels have a significant effect on the crude ash content in bighead carp muscle, and this effect shows a trend of decreasing first and then increasing.
The water content in bighead carp muscle is also affected by the iron level in the feed, and as the iron level increases, the water content of bighead carp muscle first increases and then decreases.
And experiments have found that as the iron content in the feed increases, the iron content in the whole body and intestines of bighead carp shows an interesting trend, and when the iron content in food increases, the iron content in the whole body and intestines of bighead carp also increases, but then gradually decreases.
With the increase of iron content in food, the iron content in bighead carp muscle and vertebrae showed a steady upward trend, and it is particularly noteworthy that bighead carp muscle iron content was highest in the sixth group, with a significant difference compared to other groups, while bighead carp muscle iron content in the first group was the lowest and significantly lower than in the fourth, fifth and sixth groups.
With the increase of iron content in food, the iron content in bighead carp liver and spleen also showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.
From the above experimental results, we can understand that high-iron feed may negatively affect the muscle composition of bighead carp, which may lead to an increase in the fat content of bighead carp.
Excess iron can interfere with the fat metabolism process, leading to increased fat synthesis, which in turn affects muscle mass, and high-iron feed may also affect the protein content and amino acid composition of bighead carp muscle, resulting in decreased muscle mass.
On the other hand, low-iron feeds may also negatively affect the muscle composition of bighead carp, which may lead to insufficient hemoglobin synthesis in bighead carp, which in turn affects muscle mass.
In addition, low-iron feeds may also affect the content of other nutrients in bighead carp muscle, such as the content of amino acids and minerals, thereby reducing the nutritional value of the muscle.
In order to optimize the nutritional content of bighead carp, we need to control the iron content in the feed to meet its growth and health needs, and determining the appropriate iron content can be achieved by:
The first point is to monitor and investigate the iron content to understand the current level of iron in the feed and set a reasonable iron content range according to the needs of bighead carp.
The second point is the moderate addition of iron supplements, according to the characteristics and needs of bighead carp, moderate addition of iron supplements in the feed to meet its growth and nutritional requirements.
Third, it is necessary to combine the ratio of other nutrients, while controlling the iron content, ensure the balanced ratio of other nutrients in the feed to promote the overall growth and nutritional optimization of bighead carp.
The purpose of this is to improve the quality and nutritional value of bighead carp muscle composition, in the process of bighead carp culture, reasonable control and optimization of iron content in the feed, combined with the ratio of other nutrients, is the key measure to improve bighead carp muscle mass and nutrient content.
This will help to enhance the development of bighead carp farming and provide higher quality bighead carp products.
epilogue
Although the iron content in the feed has a certain influence on the nutritional content of bighead carp, we need to note that the nutrient content is affected by many factors, and iron is only one of them.
Controlling the iron content in feed can be a factor in optimizing the nutrient content of bighead carp, but it must be combined with other culture management strategies.
The iron content in the feed should be reasonably adjusted according to the physiological needs and specific conditions of bighead carp to ensure that their nutritional needs are met.
In order to effectively control the iron content in the feed and improve the nutritional content of bighead carp, farmers should take into account the iron content and other aquaculture management factors to ensure a reasonable balance of feed, which will help improve the health and nutritional value of bighead carp and contribute to the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.