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As we all know, the mainland market is huge, and the demand for chips has always been huge. However, due to a variety of complex reasons, the mainland started relatively late in the research and development of high-end technologies, and for a long time, the mainland's chip supply has relied more on imports, and the main source of imports is American chip companies. The United States has tried to curb China's scientific and technological development through chip sanctions, and this process is full of twists and turns.
First of all, since 2015, the United States began to restrict China's chip imports, putting some high-tech institutions and universities on the mainland on a "blacklist" to restrict exports. At the same time, US chip giants Intel and Nvidia have also been restricted by the US Department of Commerce from selling chips to China. This series of measures is aimed at restricting the development of the mainland chip industry, clearly showing the dissatisfaction of the United States with China's rise.
In 2018, the United States imposed a seven-year technology ban on ZTE, prohibiting ZTE from obtaining parts, goods, software and technology from American companies. In 2019, Huawei was also included in the "blacklist" of the United States, which made it almost impossible for Huawei to cooperate with American companies anymore. In addition, the research of some Chinese universities involving high-end technology and chip technology is also restricted by the United States.
However, it is these sanctions that have stimulated the awareness of independent development of China's chip industry. The mainland has long recognized the strategic importance of chips and has taken a series of measures to promote the localization and autonomy of the chip industry. In 2014, the mainland issued the National Integrated Circuit Industry Development Promotion Outline and established the National Integrated Circuit Industry Development Investment Fund, aiming to provide policy and financial support for chip research and development. In addition, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation have also introduced more preferential tax policies to encourage enterprises to invest in R&D and design, and promote the localization of chips.
Driven by these policies, the mainland chip industry has achieved significant development in a short period of time. According to public data, in the first half of 2019, various fields of the mainland chip industry have achieved rapid growth. Chip design industry sales increased by 18.3% year-on-year, chip manufacturing sales increased by 11.9% year-on-year, and packaging and testing industry sales increased by 5.4% year-on-year. In the first half of 2022, the number of chips produced by mainland China reached 190 billion, and it successfully completed the independent research and development of 12nm process technology. This series of achievements has made China emerging in the field of semiconductor technology and no longer relies heavily on imported chips.
At the same time, Chinese companies ZTE and Datang Telecom are at the top of the global 5G patent rankings, and China's chip manufacturing industry has begun to emerge on the international stage, no longer completely relying on imported chips. All this shows that the localization process of China's chip industry is accelerating, and the mainland's imports of chips are gradually decreasing.
However, the US chip sanctions not only failed to restrict China's scientific and technological development, but also dealt a serious blow to the United States' own chip companies. China has always been an important customer for U.S. chip companies, but due to sanctions, there has been a break in the supply chain, which has led China to reduce the import of a large number of chips. This is undoubtedly a huge blow to American chip giants such as Intel and AMD. In January 2023, Intel Corporation released its fourth quarter 2022 financial report, showing that the company's revenue in the fourth quarter fell by 32%, and the loss for the entire fourth quarter reached $700 million. Throughout 2022, Intel's net profit fell by 60%, and as soon as the financial report came out, its market value lost $8 billion. This also completely failed the initial US plan to try to curb China's technological development through chip sanctions.
In general, the development of science and technology knows no borders, and sanctions at the national level cannot stop China's progress in the field of high-end technology. The rise of China's chip industry has brought new challenges and opportunities not only to China but also to the global chip industry. In the context of today's economic globalization, win-win cooperation is the most promising path. Only when countries work together to advance science and technology can we achieve a more prosperous future.
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