At 11:00 a.m. on February 5, 2012, Mr. Jiang Ying, a famous musician and educator in China, passed away in Beijing. At this time, it was less than three years before the death of Mr. Qian Xuesen, the "father of the two bombs" and "father of aerospace" in China.
In Beijing, a city with no lack of joy and sorrow, today it has condensed half of the star names in the music world. Famous artists and musicians such as Li Shuangjiang, Yang Guang, and Zhao Dengying have also come here to bid farewell to their mentor Jiang Ying. At the forefront of the farewell ceremony, Jiang Ying looked serene, wearing a party flag, lying in the middle of the flowers.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > studying in a chaotic world</h1>
Jiang Ying was born on September 7, 1919 in Zhejiang, China, his father is a famous military theorist Mr. Jiang Baili in China, because he has studied in advanced Western countries such as Japan and Germany, Jiang Baili has a fondness for Western culture and music, often plays the works of Western musicians at home, and often takes Jiang Ying out to enjoy opera performances.
In such a family atmosphere, Jiang Ying has been learning from all kinds of strengths since childhood and has been in contact with various cultures. Jiang Baili once gave her a piano when Jiang Ying was a child, discovering her interest and talent in music, and this piano has become the starting point of her musical journey.
At the end of 1936, when Jiang Ying and his father visited Western European countries, Jiang Baili considered that domestic war was about to break out, and there were great uncertainties and security risks in both the Japanese side and the domestic Kuomintang and Communist Party struggles.
In order to keep the children away from the land of right and wrong, he took advantage of this trip abroad to arrange For Jiang Ying and Jiang He to study at a German aristocratic school.
As the birthplace of the Renaissance, Western Europe was the birthplace of music and art, and Jiang Ying successfully entered the Berlin Conservatory, one of the four major international conservatories, through his excellent results during his study in Germany.
Unfortunately, during the golden age of her academic upswing, World War II broke out. As the main battlefield of the Western European continent, Germany is the initiator of World War II, which is naturally the target of everyone. Artillery bombardment, sneak attacks, including civil revolts in various countries have become commonplace, and Germany was in chaos for a time.
According to Jiang Ying's later recollection: At that time, Germany's internal friction was huge, and every day it could only rely on morning and evening relief bread and potatoes to fill its hunger, and its body was greatly emaciated, sometimes catching up with the bombing for several days, squatting in the air raid shelter for a whole day, the students were panicked inside, and countless people died in the war.
Fortunately, Jiang Ying was in her prime, and with her tenacious perseverance, she successfully graduated from the Berlin Academy of Music in 1941. At this time, as World War II drew to a close, his father Jiang Baili died suddenly.
This blow is undoubtedly huge for Jiang Ying, who is a stranger in a foreign country, and she went to Switzerland to study non-stop with her father's support for her musical dreams. However, due to the death of her father, the family's economic base has been difficult to support her use.
In order to study, she even had to rely on picking vegetable leaves for a living, and due to long-term lack of nutrition, she even suffered from severe lung disease. In the ten years of studying abroad, Jiang Ying can be said to have suffered a lot.
But ten years of cold window no one asked, once the world became famous. In 1943, she participated in the soprano challenge at the annual music conference of the 'Luchen' in Switzerland, and won the first place, breaking the record for all of Asia, but she only had one sentence: I can't shame Chinese.
In the next two years, Jiang Ying, as a rising star, sang all over the European continent and was widely recognized by European celebrities.
As a schoolgirl, she endured the pain of ten years of cold windows in a foreign country; endured the chaos of war and the parting of relatives; endured the loneliness and calmness of fighting alone. She can still maintain the pursuit of music, maintain the exploration of scholarship, and justify China's name in front of the world, she is a well-deserved national musician.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="7" > not far away, embracing the motherland</h1>
After Jiang Ying returned to China in 1947, he met his lifelong partner, Mr. Qian Xuesen, at a personal concert. The two have been separated for a long time but still see each other at the same time. After the marriage was quickly completed, Jiang Ying went to the United States with her husband to develop, and gave birth to a pair of children in the United States, forming a complete family.
After the founding of New China in 1949, China ended many years of turmoil and war, and Qian Xuesen and his wife were excited about this and strengthened their determination to return to China. At that time, Jiang Ying said to Qian Xuesen: Your decision is correct, and I will accompany you wherever you go.
However, because Qian Xuesen has worked for a long time in secret high-end fields such as aerospace and defense science and technology in the United States, coupled with the outbreak of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the United States has always held a hostile attitude toward China.
In order to prevent the leakage of secrets, Qian Xuesen turned against each other and boosted China's national defense strength, and the United States imposed unreasonable accusations and illegal detentions against Qian Xuesen and his wife who wanted to return to China. They fabricated evidence, forcibly rummaged through Qian Xuesen's suitcase, accused him of being a SPY of the Communist Party of the United States, and interrogated and accused Qian Xuesen's family several times.
In court, Qian Xuesen told the US agent: I am a Chinese, I am loyal to the 40,000,Chinese people, my knowledge is personal property, and I have the right to dispose of it.
Although Qian Xuesen's justification is justified, he seems to be very weak in the face of hegemony and wrist. The United States sentenced Qian Xuesen's family to expulsion, but still detained Qian Xuesen's family in prison on the island of Termina on trumped-up charges.
During this period, the United States illuminated it with lights for thirteen days, and often came to interrogate Jiang Ying and her husband in the middle of the night when they were asleep. During this time, Jiang Ying and Qian Xuesen were persecuted, and according to Jiang Ying's recollection, Qian Xuesen lost nearly 30 pounds after being imprisoned for half a month.
Although the two were able to return to normal living in their homes on bail by other scientists in the U.S. scientific community, they were still under daily surveillance and tracking by U.S. intelligence agency agents.
The determination of the two to return to China was unshakable, and for the next five years, Qian Xuesen and Jiang Ying's residence was empty, and there were only a few clothes and three suitcases that were placed in the house.
Fortunately, the method is always more difficult than difficult, and after learning in the newspaper that the vice chairman of the NPC Standing Committee at the time was Comrade Chen Shutong, a student of his father, Qian Xuesen immediately tried to send a distress letter.
At this time, in order to prevent the agents from discovering the scourge of regeneration, Jiang Ying wrote a distress letter with her left hand and confused the public with her left handwriting.
Because they were monitored and tracked by secret agents, they would definitely be intercepted by asking for help through normal channels such as the post office, and the husband and wife used the excuse of going out shopping, and Under the cover of the crowds in the shopping mall, Jiang Ying sent the distress letter to his sister Jiang He in Belgium through the mailbox in the mall, and sent it to Qian Xuesen's hometown in China, and then transferred it to the central political commissar by his father Qian Junfu.
After Premier Zhou Enlai saw the signature of the distress letter, Qian Xuesen, he immediately convened an emergency meeting to organize the rescue plan, and at the Geneva Conference in 1954, Premier Zhou took the Indian issue as an opportunity to reach an agreement on US diplomacy.
In the end, the Qian Xuesen family was exchanged for the cost of the detained pilots in the United States, and after the distress letter was exposed to the international vision, the United States had to obediently obey in order to save face.
In the end, thanks to the wisdom and courage of Qian Xuesen and Jiang Ying, the two finally returned to the embrace of the motherland, and this letter of distress across the ocean also made the Chinese government aware of the abuse of Chinese intellectuals by hostile forces abroad and the situation of some returned scientists.
After this incident, the Chinese government paid great attention to the return of overseas scientists, and rescued a number of high-end talents such as Hua Luogeng and Zhu Guangya.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="10" > work hard and do their best</h1>
After returning to China, Qian Xuesen quickly joined China's nuclear weapons research and development and construction in the aerospace field, and due to the high degree of confidentiality of his work, Qian Xuesen often did not go home for ten days and a half months, and often went out suddenly at home.
Jiang Ying did not like this at first, and she also ran to the Ministry of National Defense several times to find important people from the Ministry of National Defense and directly asked the Ministry of National Defense: Where has Qian Xuesen gone, and does this family still want it?
Such words also made the staff of the Ministry of Defense cry and laugh. Fortunately, after the explanation of the staff and the appeasement of Premier Zhou, Jiang Ying gradually understood the work she should do as the wife of a national science and technology worker.
At the beginning of her return to China, Jiang Ying also worked as an actor in the Beijing Repertory Theatre Experimental Troupe, holding tours and solo concerts across the country, but due to the particularity of her husband's work, she also had to give up the stage she loved and had to restrain her hobbies.
Although Jiang Ying did not understand the manufacture of nuclear weapons and the launch of aerospace instruments, she had accumulated profound insights in her ten years of overseas study, and was proficient in four Chinese words, and she had also accumulated a full talent through in-depth study of music.
Soon after, she was hired as a vocal teacher and full-time translator at the Central Conservatory of Music. Thus began her 45-year-long teaching journey.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="12" > to educate people with talents and cultivate people with virtue</h1>
After retreating from the stage of his heart and mind, Jiang Ying stood on the podium of the people's teacher. At that time, the Central Conservatory of Music was the highest institution of music learning in China, and the level of the Central Conservatory of Music also symbolized the country's musical and artistic achievements.
However, at that time, China was baptized by the fire of war for half a century, and everything was in ruins to be rebuilt. There is no good material foundation for the cultivation and teaching of art, and Jiang Ying flexibly applies the advanced Western education model and educational ideas she has received to Chinese soil.
The "Biography of Chopin" and "The Biography of Schumann" translated by her team, as well as the "History of the Development of Vocal Art in Western Europe" edited by her own editor, have become valuable materials for studying the history of Western music.
Jiang Ying has loved music since childhood, and has dabbled in Chinese Kunqu opera, Peking Opera and folk songs, after practicing German classical music singing, her singing skills must be throughout The Chinese and Western, after years of acting process precipitation and accumulation, these knowledge are her unique treasures.
After joining the Central Conservatory of Music, she began to delve into music education. Under her research, she led the team to bring the music theory ideas and music history of Western classical music to China, and taught piano teaching and Western classical vocal singing at the Central Conservatory of Music.
The advanced Western music theory ideas brought by Jiang Ying have refreshed the teaching methods and educational resources of Chinese art.
The biographies of Western musicians such as Chopin and Schumann, translated by her and a number of translators, as well as her own book The History of the Development of Vocal Art in Western Europe, are comprehensively described, providing important materials and foundations for the study of Western art history and artistic thought.
According to Jiang Ying's students, during her teaching, she will conduct English tuition alone for many students whose English level is not ideal. Some English gaps are large, and she will directly translate the core English of the textbook into Chinese for easy reference.
The famous musician Wu Yanze also recalled in the interview: When teaching, Jiang Ying conducted separate training for students' vocal range and singing skills, and used the metaphor of velvet to help students open their head cavity.
Every weekend, students are invited to come to the home to open a small stove, and each time they do not accept students' financial gifts, snacks and fruits are prepared for warm hospitality.
In the past 45 years, Jiang Ying has trained 26 famous artists, such as Li Shuangjiang, Yang Guang, Wu Yanze and others. Musician Li Shuangjiang mentioned his mentor Jiang Ying many years later, and still said with gratitude: Mr. Jiang not only taught us to sing, but also taught us to be human, and what we learned from Mr. Jiang benefited them for life.
At Jiang Ying's 90th birthday banquet, she, who has experienced a lifetime of ups and downs, preached in a serious tone: My students have become teachers and educated their own students, if one day the students of the students can also perform on the same stage, it is an exciting thing!