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Introduction to the Book of Han of the Classics of Traditional Chinese Studies Lecture 194: Yang Xiong's Biography Iv

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The Book of Han, also known as the Book of the Former Han Dynasty, compiled by Ban Gu, a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty in China, is one of the first chronicles of China, one of the "Twenty-Four Histories". The Book of Han is another important historical book in ancient China after the "Records of History", and is called the "First Four Histories" together with the "Records of History", "Book of Later Han" and "Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms". The book of Han mainly records the first year of Han Gaozu from the Western Han Dynasty to the fourth year of Wang Mangdi Emperor of the New Dynasty, a total of 230 years. The Book of Han includes twelve chapters of the Ji, eight chapters of the Table, ten chapters of the Zhi, and seventy chapters of the Transmission, a total of 100 articles, which are divided into 120 volumes and a total of 800,000 words. #历史 #

Introduction to the Book of Han of the Classics of Traditional Chinese Studies Lecture 194: Yang Xiong's Biography Iv

Guest: "But then "Xuan" has no fame? Fan and Cai below why "Xuan"? Yang Zi said: "Fan Ju, Wei Zhi's outlaw also, folding the iliac, free from micro-cords, shoulder to shoulder, support into the bridge, agitate the lord of the ten thousand multiplications, Jie Jingyang to the Hou and replace it, Dang ye." Cai Ze, Shandong's Pifu Ye, Qi Yi Folding, Snot Running Foam, Xi Yang Qiang Qin Phase, Strangling His Throat, Kang Qi, Attaching his Back and Seizing His Position, Shi Ye. The world has been decided, the Jin Revolution has been flattened, all in Luoyang, Lou Jing commissioned to take off the pull, drop three inches of tongue, build a strategy that cannot be pulled out, and lift china's migration to Chang'an, suitable for it. The Five Emperors, the Three Kings, the Hundred Generations, the Uncle and Grandson Passed Between the Drums, disarmed and surrendered, and became the honor of the king. "Fu Punishment" is harsh, Qin Fa is fierce, the Holy Han power system, and Xiao He makes the law, Yi Ye. Therefore, if there is a creation of Xiao He Law in the world of Tang and Yu, it is a contradiction; if there is an uncle Sun Tongyi in Xia and Yin, it is confused; there is a strategy of Jianlou Jing in the world of Chengzhou, then Miao Yi; there is Tan Fan and Cai Zhi who say that between Jin, Zhang, Xu, and Shi, they are crazy. Fu Xiao Rules Cao Sui, Liu Hou Painting Strategy, Chen Ping Surprise, Gong Ruo Taishan, Xiang Ruo, only his people know zhao, will also be able to do at the same time. Therefore, when it is possible to do so, it is from; when it is impossible to do it, it is fierce. Mr. Fu Lin received credit for Zhangtai, Sihao Cairong in Nanshan, Gongsun founded his business in Jinma, Ticket Riding originated in Qilian, Sima Changqing stole from Zhuo, and Dongfang Shuo cut and burned in Xiaojun. Servant Cheng could not be merged with this number of gongs, so he silently guarded my "Tai Xuan". ”

The guest said, "Then you can't become famous without Xuan? Why use Xuan below the stem and base? YangZi said: "Fan Ju, wei's outlaw, folded his bones, avoided imprisonment, folded his shoulders and stepped on his back, was helped into a bag, impressed the king of ten thousand multipliers with his wisdom, and alienated Jingyang to resist Hou Hou and replace him. Cai Ze, a commoner in Shandong, bent his nose and spit in tears, bowed to the west to the face of Qin, strangled his throat, desperately breathed, attached to his back to seize his position, and touched the right time. The world has been pacified, the weapons have been put away, the capital luoyang has been built, Lou Jing abandoned the jurisdiction, turned the tongue of three inches, and suggested a solid strategy, moving from the Central Plains to Chang'an, which is appropriate. The Five Emperors Passed on the Canon, the Three Kings Passed on the Ceremony, the Hundred Generations Remained Unchanged, the Uncle and Grandson Tong started between the robes and drums, disarmed the Armor and Digo, and then made the Emperor's Ritual Law, in order to be appropriate. The "Fu Punishment" is scattered, the Qin law is harsh, the Holy Han reform, and the Xiao He ding law are appropriate. Therefore, if you formulate Xiao He's law in Tang Yu's world, it will be unreasonable; when you make The Uncle Sun Tongyi Law in Xia Yin, you will be confused; some suggest that Lou Jing's strategy is wrong when it is Chengzhou; and some people talk about Fan and Cai Zhi between Jin, Zhang, Xu, and Shi, which is crazy. Xiao Gui Cao Sui, Liu Hou Planner, Chen Ping's Strange Plot, Gong Bi Taishan, Sound Like a Landslide, Are Those People Wise? It is also when they encounter it that they can do something. Therefore, doing what can be done when it is possible is as desired; doing what cannot be done when it is not doing is unlucky. Mr. Lin made meritorious contributions in Zhangtai, Sihao got his name in Nanshan, Gongsun started his business in Jinma, he rode in Qilian, Sima Changqing provoked Zhuo and caused huge sums of money, and Dongfang Shuo cut the flesh of the bundled jun and moved the emperor. I really can't compare with these people, so I silently keep my "Tai Xuan". ” 

Introduction to the Book of Han of the Classics of Traditional Chinese Studies Lecture 194: Yang Xiong's Biography Iv

Those who think that they are endowed will be in terms of the wind and the analogy, the words of the extremely beautiful, the extravagant and the extravagant, and the competition to make people unable to add, even if they are returned to the right, but the viewer has passed. In the past, Emperor Wu was a good immortal, just like the above "Great Endowment", wanting to use the wind, and the emperor had the ambition of Lingyun. By the way it is said, the persuasion does not stop, and it is clear. It is also quite similar to the disciples of Hai Youchun and Youmeng, who are not illegal, and the sages and gentlemen are endowed with righteousness, so they quit and do not do it again. And the great pond thinks of the heavens, and the reference is quartered, and the pole is eighty-one. The side is three imitations and nine evidences, the extreme seven hundred and twenty-nine praises, and the way of nature. Therefore, those who look at "Yi" see its name; those who look at "Xuan" count their paintings. The first four of the Xuan, non-gua ye, number also. Its use from the Heavenly Yuan to push a day and a night yin and yang several degrees of the calendar of the calendar, the ninety-nine great fortune, and the end of the heavens. Therefore, the "Xuan" three parties, Kyushu, twenty-seven parts, eighty-one families, two hundred and forty-three tables, seven hundred and twenty-nine praises, divided into three volumes, known as one two three, and the "Tai Chu Calendar" celebrate, there is also a calendar of the Emperor. It is based on three strategies, closed to blame, rumored to be like an elephant, broadcast to personnel, and the text is based on five elements, and it is intended to be known with morality, benevolence, and righteousness. There is no master and no name, and it is necessary to conform to the Five Classics, which is not a matter of course, and the text is not vain. For its Tai Man Xuan is unknowable, so there are "First", "Chong", "Wrong", "Measurement", "Shu", "Ying", "Number", "Wen", "Tu", "Notice" eleven, all of which are deciphered and stripped of the "Xuan" body, separating its text, and the chapters and sentences do not yet exist. "Xuan" has many texts, so it is not written, it is difficult for those who look at it to know, and it is difficult for those who learn to succeed. There are difficulties in "Xuan" in the guest, and the bad in the crowd is also good, and the xiong is solved, which is called "Solving difficulties". Its words:

Yang Xiong believes that endowments are used for satire, and if we must push forward the exposition, exhaust the flowery rhetoric, and the grandeur and extravagance are infinite, so that people cannot be repeated, and then they are reverted to the right path, but those who see it have turned over. In the past, Emperor Wu liked immortals, just like offering the "Great Endowment", which was to be used for satire, but the emperor had the idea of Ling Yun after reading it. From this point of view, it is very clear that persuasion will not stop. It is also very similar to the haiyou chun yu and youmeng, which is not where the dharma is, and the sages and gentlemen are given the right poetry, so they stop doing it again. Then he pondered the celestial signs, divided the reference into four parts, and finally eighty-one. Next to the three imitations and nine evidences, and finally seven hundred and twenty-nine praises, it is also the way of nature. Therefore, those who read < Yi" are famous when they see Gua; those who read "Xuan" can be determined by counting their paintings. The fourfold at the beginning of "Xuan" is not a gua, but a number. Usage from Tianyuan to push a day and a night yin and yang several degrees of the calendar of the calendar, ninety-nine great luck, and the heavens always. Therefore, the Xuan Dynasty is divided into three volumes, called one, two hundred and twenty-three, and corresponding to the Tai Chu Calendar, and there is also the Zhao Calendar. Use the three strategies of divination, contact auspiciousness, mix into elephants, promote personnel affairs, and use five lines of text to compare morality, benevolence, righteousness, and wisdom. There is no main theme name, which is in line with the Five Classics, and if it is not a matter, it is not a fiction. Because it is too chaotic and unknowable, there are eleven articles of "First", "Chong", "Wrong", "Measurement", "Stall", "Ying", "Number", "Text", "Bang", "Figure", and "Notice", all of which are used to dissect the "Xuan" body, analyze articles, and chapters and sentences are no longer passed. There are too many texts in "Xuan", so they are not recorded; it is difficult to understand after reading and difficult to learn. Some guests blamed the "Xuan" text for being too deep, and the crowd did not like it, and Yang Xiong wrote an explanation called "Solving Difficulties". The words say:  

Introduction to the Book of Han of the Classics of Traditional Chinese Studies Lecture 194: Yang Xiong's Biography Iv

Yang Zi said: "Whoever writes a book is good for everyone, and the delicious period is suitable for the mouth, and the sound of the work is in bier." Imagoko is a rebel against the words of the Yu, Hong Yi refers to the fact that duchi is employed at the time of death, and the cultivation furnace, next to the thin group of students, the past is old, and it is not lonely. The spirit of the money is here, and the annoying scholar is on the other, for example, the painter paints in the invisible, and the string is put in the silence. Yang Ziyi: "Yu." Ruofu Hong's words are reverent, and the subtle paint is difficult to cover with the viewer. In the past, people had the image of heaven, the vision of the earth, the observation of the Law in people, the heavens and the beauty, the earth and the depths, the words of the past, is the jade is gold. Isn't it hard? It was a last resort. If you do not see the fu cui phi, you will ascend to the heavens, and you will tower over the abyss of Cangwu; if you do not rise in the clouds, the wings are swift, and the wind is blowing, and you are lifting up in vain, you cannot pick up the glue and the nine thunderbolts. If the sun and the moon are not thousands of miles, they cannot candle six and shine eight, and if the height of Mount Tai is not high, it cannot be scattered in the clouds. It is also the work of Mi Yi, which stretches the heavens and the earth, through the Bagua, the King of Wen attaches six words, Confucius mistakes its image and says its words, and then sends the Zang of heaven and earth, fixing the foundation of all things. The voices of the "Canon" and "Mo", the "Ya" and "Ode", are not tepid and pure and deep, but they are not enough to promote Honglie and Zhang Jixi. Gai Xu is slaughtered, loneliness is a corpse; the great taste will be weak, the big sound will be Xi; the big words will be shouted, and the avenue will be low. He who is the voice of the voice shall not be the same as the ears of all, the beauty of the form shall not be in the eyes of the world, and the derivative of the word shall not be heard by the mediocre. Those who are now strings, who are high in the zhang and anxious emblems, and who chase after the elderly, then the one who sits is attached unexpectedly; the try to be the clan "Xianchi", the "Six Stems", the "Xiao Shao", and the "Nine Percent", then there is no harmony. It is the death of the old bell period, and the boya breaks the string and refuses to join the drums; when the badger dies, the craftsman stone quits and does not dare to cut it. Shi Kuangzhi tuned the bell, and the zhiyin zhizhi was also in the future; Confucius wrote "Spring and Autumn", and several gentlemen saw it before. The old man has a last word, you know me, this is not his fault! ”

The guest blamed Yangzi, saying: "All those who write books must cater to the hobbies of the people, and the delicious hope is that it will be mouthy, and the beautiful sound is pleasant." Now you say it in a high and profound way, broad meaning and micro-fingering, galloping alone between existence and non-existence, pottery furnace, paintings and paintings, after reading for a year, I still don't understand. It is in this wrapping spirit, wrapping in that wrapping to trouble scholars, like a painter painting on the invisible, playing the piano according to the silent, probably not? Yangzi said, "Yes." As for the rhetoric and the subtle way, it is probably difficult to be the same as the reader. In the past, some people observed the heavens, observed the earth, and judged the law of man, and the heavens were remarkable and vast, and the earth was large and deep, and the words of the predecessors were gold or jade. Does he like to pretend to be tough? The situation is a last resort. Didn't you see that the Cui Qiao was about to ascend to the heavens, and must be shrugged off into the abyss of Cangwu; if you did not rise by the floating clouds, by means of the wind, and in the air, you would not be able to reach Liao Kuo and soar to the Ninth Hong. If the moon does not go a thousand miles, it cannot illuminate the six and bright eight strings; Taishan is not high and towering into the clouds, so it cannot gather floating clouds and emit floating gas. Therefore, Fu Xishi wrote "Yi", connecting heaven and earth, unifying with Bagua, King Wen attached liu yao, Confucius mixed with misogyny as a rhetoric, and then exerted the goodness of heaven and earth to set the foundation of all things. The chapters of "Dian" and "Mo", the voices of "Ya" and "Ode", are not gentle and pure, and they are not enough to carry forward the great cause and show the light. So use nothingness to preside over, with loneliness as the principle: the best taste must be bland, the best sound must be sparse; the greatest words spread far and wide, and the avenues are curved. Therefore, the beautiful sound cannot be recognized by the ears of the people, the beautiful image cannot make the world feel pleasing to the eye, and the distant words are considered unheard by the mediocre. Now playing the piano, the tone is high and urgent, catering to the good of the crowd, then everyone will come unexpectedly; if you play "Xian Chi", "Six Stems", "Xiao Shao", "Jiucheng", no one should be reconciled. Therefore, when Zhong Zhi died, Bo Ya broke the piano and pulled the broken string and refused to play it to the crowd again, and when the person died, the craftsman threw away the axe and did not dare to cut things easily. Shi Kuang tuned the bell until Zhiyin was there; Confucius wrote "Spring and Autumn", hoping that the gentleman would be able to read it first. The old man has a saying that it is precious to understand me less, is this not his discipline! ”  

Introduction to the Book of Han of the Classics of Traditional Chinese Studies Lecture 194: Yang Xiong's Biography Iv

Each of the sons of Yumi is strange in his knowledge, and the great defamation of the saint is strange. To argue sophistry, to scratch the world's affairs, although it is a small debate, it will eventually break the road or the multitude, so that it will drown in what it hears and does not know what it is. and the Six Kingdoms of Taishi Gongji, Li Chu, Han, and Zhen Linzhi, not with the saints, right and wrong are quite absurd. The late people sometimes asked the heroes, often used the Fa Yingzhi, and wrote thirteen volumes, such as the "Analects", called the "Fa Yan". The "Sayings of the Law" are not written in many texts, but have their own purpose: the heavens are born of the people, the people are confused, they are arrogant, they are wise, and they are disciplined. Wrote the first "Xuexing". Descending the Zhou Dynasty to the Hole, becoming the King's Way, and finally the Birth Chapter is obedient, and the sons are microscopic. Wrote the second "Wuzi". Things have their true nature, Chen Shi Yuyi, not moving, this body. Wrote the third "Self-Cultivation". In the old holy examination, if you fail, you will lose, and if you fail, you will not arrive, and you must not be treacherous. Wrote the fourth part of "Asking the Question". The heart of God is in a trance, the longitude and latitude are all over the world, and the affairs are all moral benevolence and friendship. Wrote the fifth book of "Ask God". Mingzhe Huanghuang, the candle of the side of the frontier, inferior to the unsafe, in order to protect the destiny of heaven. Wrote the sixth part of the "Qing Ming". Falsehoods are around heaven and earth, praise is in the gods, and the shadows are widespread, and they are absolutely inferior to rumors. Wrote the seventh book of the Widow's Opinion. The sage is wise and profound, following the heavenly testing of the spirit, crowned in the crowd, through the various fans. Wrote the eighth of the Five Hundred. Establishing a government and encouraging the masses, moving the world, not to neutralize, the development of neutralization, lies in the philosophical feelings of the people. Wrote the Prophet IX.

Yang Xiong saw that the sons were contrary to each other with their knowledge, most of them slandered the saints, made strange remarks, made clever remarks, and disrupted the current politics, although they were small speeches, they would eventually destroy the avenue and confuse the people, so that they indulged in hearing the words but did not know that they were wrong. By the time Tai Shi Gong recorded the Six Kingdoms, experienced the Chu and Han Dynasties, and ended with the LinZhi, he had different views from the saints, and the concept of right and wrong and the scriptures were very different. Therefore, Yang Xiong was often asked, and Yang Xiong often imitated the classic sayings to answer them, and wrote thirteen volumes, imitating the Analects, called the Fa Yan. Most of the articles in the "Sayings of the Law" do not record, but record their contents: born of all people, ignorant and ignorant, wanton indulgence, cleverness has not been opened, and rational admonitions. As the first of "Learning to Walk". From the Duke of Dan to the King of Kong, the Royal Dao was built, and after that, the false birth prevailed and deviated from the Dao, and the sons plotted to decline. As the first of "My Son". Things have their authenticity, they are expressed in all things, and their actions cannot be perfected, and the reason lies in themselves. The third in "Self-Cultivation". The Heavenly Dao of Mangman, made by the ancient saints, is not in harmony if it exceeds it, and it is not attained if it is insufficient, and it must not be blasphemed. As the fourth of "The Question". Trance, longitude and latitude, it is a matter of morality, benevolence and righteousness. As the fifth of "Ask God". Mingzhe is beautiful, the light is boundless, avoiding the unexpected, and preserving the destiny. As the sixth of the "Questions". Far and wide, praising the gods, deep and vast, beyond the recent world. As the seventh of "Widowhood". The saints are wise and beautiful, and they follow the Mandate of Heaven to measure the number of gods, surpassing all others, as a constant law. The eighth of "Five Hundred". Building a government to persuade the people, indoctrinating the world, neutralizing the highest, and applying neutralization lies in knowing the people's feelings. As Prophet IX.

Introduction to the Book of Han of the Classics of Traditional Chinese Studies Lecture 194: Yang Xiong's Biography Iv

Since Joni, the monarch, the general, the secretary, and the courtier have been uneven, and all the saints have been saints. Wrote the tenth "Chongli". After Zhongni, he was honored in the Han Dao, virtue Yan, Min, Qiu Xiao, Cao, And the famous generals of the Article of Honor and Inferiority, called Shu Pinzao. Wrote the eleventh book of "Yuan qian". The gentleman's pure final hearing, stupid Di interrogation, side to open the holy rules. Wrote the twelfth book of "The Gentleman". Filial piety is greater than NingQin, Ningqin is greater than Ning Shen, and Ning Shen is greater than the joy of the four tables. Wrote the thirteenth book of Filial Piety. Zan: Xiongzhi Zi shuyun'er. At the beginning, xiong was more than forty years old, from Shu to you jingshi, the grand sima che riding general Wang Yinqi Wenya, summoned the history of menxia, recommended Xiong to wait for the edict, and played "Yu Hunting Endowment", except for Lang, gave huangmen, and merged with Wang Mang and Liu Xin. At the beginning of the Emperor's lamentation, he was also the same official as Dong Xian. Chengcheng, mourning, and Pingjian are all three dukes, and the power is tilted by the lord, and the recommended ones are not promoted, while the Xiong III does not migrate officials. and Mang usurped the throne, and the talkers used the spell to claim merit and were knighted, and the heroes were not marquises, and the elderly long time was transformed into a doctor, and it was so that they were snobbish. He intends to make his article famous in later generations, thinking that jing mo is greater than "Yi", pretending to be "Tai Xuan"; Chuan Mo is greater than "Analects" and "Fa Yan"; Shi Mo is good at "Cangjie" and "Training"; Zhen Mo is good at "Yu Zhen" and "Zhou Zhen"; Fu Mo is deeper than "Leaving Sorrow", but it is broad; Ci Mo is similar to each other, making four endowments; all of them consider their roots, and they all consider their roots, and they are all in tune with each other and let go of the clouds. The heart is on the inside, not on the outside, and everyone is in the right place at the time; only Liu Xin and Fan Kui respect it, and Xingtan thinks it is extraordinary.

Since Zhongni, the monarch has unified the different careers of xiangqing and famous ministers on the avenue of saints. As the tenth of "Heavy Dawn". After Confucius, he was honored by the Han Dynasty, and his virtues advocated Yan and Yan, and the chancellor pushed Gai and Cao, and as for the famous generals, they ranked the inferior and determined the poor quality of the text. Composed the eleventh part of "Yuan qian". A gentleman ends well, corrects and then acts to carry forward the Holy Law. As the twelfth of "Gentlemen". The greatest filial piety is to settle the parents, the best peace of mind is to make the gods stable, and the best peace of mind is to achieve the happiness of the four parties. Written in the thirteenth chapter of "Filial Piety". Zanyue: This is Yang Xiong's self-prologue. At first, when Yang Xiong was in his forties, from Shu to tour the capital division, the general Wang Yin of the Great Sima Che rode to admire his literary talent, summoned the history of the menxia, recommended Yang Xiong to be commanded, and more than a year later, he played "Yu Hunting Fu", except for the official lang, gave the matter Huangmen, and wang mang and Liu Xin were juxtaposed. At the beginning of the Mourning Emperor, he was also a member of the same official as Dong Xian. During the years of Cheng, Lai, and Ping, Wang Mang and Dong Xian both became three dukes, with superior power, and there was no one who recommended them without promotion, but Yang Xiong did not promote them for three generations. By the time Wang Mang usurped the throne, many commentators had been knighted by praising his merits with his charms, and Yang Xiong was still not knighted, and because of his old age, he gradually rose to become a doctor, and he was so indifferent to snobbery. It is true that Gu Ai Dao, who wanted to make a name for himself in later generations with his articles, thought that the greatest of the sutras was "Yi", so he wrote "Tai Xuan"; the best one was "Analects", so he made "Fa Yan"; the best of the historical passages was "Cangjie", so he wrote "Xun Jie", so he wrote "Xun Jie", and the best admonition was "Yu Zhen", so he made "Zhou Zhen"; the most profound endowment was "Leaving Sorrow", so he promoted it in opposite directions; the most gorgeous word was Dan Ru, so he made the four endowments: all explored the origin and imitated and played. The heart is inside, not outside, and people at that time despised it; The Noble And lotus revered him, and the bearer thought he was incomparable.  

Introduction to the Book of Han of the Classics of Traditional Chinese Studies Lecture 194: Yang Xiong's Biography Iv

During Wang Mang's reign, Liu Xin and Zhen Feng were both shanggong, and Mang, after taking the throne, wanted to put an end to his original divine deeds, and Feng Zixun and Xin Zi were restored to him. Mang Xuefeng's father and son, who cast four descendants, resigned and did not accept it. When the Xiong School Book Tianlu Pavilion came, the messenger of the prison came to collect the male, and the male feared that he could not avoid himself, but he threw himself from the cabinet and died several times. Mangwen zhizhi said: "Xiong Su is not related to things, why is he here?" "Ask him why, it is Liu Di who tried to learn strange characters from Xiong, and Xiong did not know it. If there is an edict, do not ask. Ran Jingshi said, "But lonely, throw yourself into the cabinet; be quiet and quiet, and be a ruler." "Xiong was relieved of his illness and was reinstated as a doctor." The family is poor, the old wine, and the people hope to go to their doors. Sometimes there are good deeds who carry wine and dishes from travel to study, while the giant deer HouBa often lives from Xiongju and is influenced by his "Taixuan" and "Fayan". Liu Xin also tasted it, saying xiong: "Emptiness is self-suffering!" Today's scholars have Lu Li, but they can't understand "Yi", and what is "Xuan"? I am afraid that future generations will use the sauce to cover the urn also. "Grin should not be. In the year of seventy-one, Tianfeng died in the fifth year, and Hou Ba was buried for three years. At that time, the Great Sikong Wang Yi and Na Yan Yan Youwen Xiong died, saying Huan Tan Yue: "The son is often called yang Xiong shu, how can it be passed on to future generations?" Tan Yue: "It will be passed on." Gu Jun and Tan did not meet each other. Mortals are near and far away, and seeing that YangZi Yunlu's appearance cannot be moving, so it is light on his book. The old man wrote two articles of nothingness, Bo Renyi, and non-etiquette, and then the good people of the world still thought that it was too much of the Five Classics, which were all said by Han Wen, Jing Zhijun and Sima Qian. The text of the book of the present diagnosis is profound, and the discussion is not to be deceived by the saints, and if the king of the encounter is more knowledgeable, and is praised for his goodness, he will go beyond the sons. "The Confucians may have made sutras that they were not saints, and the king of Wu Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period claimed to be kings, and the sins of denouncing were also condemned." For more than forty years since Xiongzhi's absence, his "Fa Yan" has been popular, while the "Xuan" has never been visible, but the texts have survived.

During Wang Mang's reign, Liu Xin and Zhen Feng both became shanggongs, and Wang Mang, both pretending to be self-reliant, wanted to ban this practice to deify the past after he ascended the throne, while Zhen Feng's son Zhen Xun and Liu Xin's son Liu Di played the ritual of offering Fu Rui. Wang Mang killed Zhen Feng's father and son, exiled Liu Di to the four ethnic groups, and those implicated in the confession immediately did not have to be accepted. At that time, Yang Xiong was studying at the Tianlu Pavilion, and the emissary who handled the case came to arrest Yang Xiong, and Yang Xiong was afraid that he would not be able to escape, so he jumped off the cabinet and almost died. After hearing this, Wang Mang said: "Yang Xiong has never been involved in his affairs, why is he in this case?" Secretly inquiring about the reason, it turned out that Liu Di had written strange characters with Yang Xiongxue, and Yang Xiong did not know it. Xia Shao did not pursue him. However, Kyoshi commented on this: "Because of loneliness, self-surrender, because of tranquility, do the fate." Yang Xiong was dismissed from his post due to illness and was called a doctor. The family has always been poor, loves to drink, and people rarely come to their homes. At that time, people with many troubles brought wine and vegetables to learn from him, and Julu Houba often lived with Yang Xiong and learned "Taixuan" and "Fayan". Liu Xin also saw it and said to Yang Xiong, "Let yourself suffer in vain!" Now the scholar Li Lu is not yet familiar with "Yi", let alone "Xuan"? I'm afraid that future generations will use it to cover the sauce. Yang Xiong smiled and did not answer. He lived to the age of seventy-one and died in Tianfeng for five years, and Hou Ba built a tomb for him and guarded the funeral for three years. At that time, when Wang Yi and NaYan Yanyou heard that Yang Xiong was dead, they said to Huan Tan, "Can the book that you once praised Xiong be passed on to future generations?" Huan Tan said, "It will definitely be able to circulate." But you and Huan Tan can't see it. Mortals despise the near and attach importance to the far, and see with their own eyes that Yang Ziyun's status and appearance cannot be moved, they despise his books. In the past, Lao Nie wrote two articles on nothingness, light benevolence and righteousness, and refuted etiquette, but later generations liked it and thought that it exceeded the Five Classics, from Emperor Wen of Han, Emperor Jing, and Sima Qian. Now Yangzi's book has the deepest meaning, and the discussion does not violate the saints, and if he meets the monarch at that time, and then reads it through the sages, and is praised by them, he will surely surpass the sons. Some Confucians ridiculed Yang Xiong for not being a saint but writing scriptures, just like the Emperor of Wu and Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period who overstepped his title as king, which should be a crime of exterminating the clan. From Yang Xiong's death to the present for more than forty years, his "Fa Yan" has been popular in the world, but the "Xuan" has not been manifested in the end, but the texts are all there.

Introduction to the Book of Han of the Classics of Traditional Chinese Studies Lecture 194: Yang Xiong's Biography Iv

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