The Qing Dynasty was the last feudal dynasty in Chinese history, the peak of absolutism in ancient China, the consolidation and development of a unified multi-ethnic country, the Qing rulers unified the Mongol ministries, included Xinjiang and Tibet in the territory, actively safeguarded the integrity of the country's territorial sovereignty, laid the map of China today, and made historical contributions to the national territory. During the Qianlong period, the pattern of China as a unified multi-ethnic world power was finalized. The Qing Dynasty, in its heyday, stretched to the west of the Green Ridge and Lake Balkhash, the northwest including the Tangnu Wuliang Sea, the north to Mobei and Siberia, the east to the Pacific Ocean (including Sakhalin Island), and the Nansha Islands in the south, including more than 50 ethnic groups, and the country was unified.
Map of the territory of the Qing Dynasty (1820)
However, after the Qing Dynasty ruled the Central Plains, it adopted a stupid policy of ignoring the people, and completely stifled the innovative ability of the entire nation through cultural autocracy in various aspects, such as the prison of words and the eight strands of scholars. and the Qing rulers adopted a policy of "closing off the country", restricting economic, cultural, scientific and technological foreign exchanges, which eventually led to China further lagging behind Western countries. The rulers of the late Qing Dynasty were unable to resist the invasion of Western powers, and were forced to sign a series of treaties with foreign countries that lost power and humiliated the country, opening a century-long history of humiliation.
Territorial Map of the Late Qing Dynasty (1911)
The Qing Dynasty lasted a total of 296 years from 1616 AD, after the establishment of Nurhach. From 1636 AD, when Emperor Taiji changed the name of the country to Qing, the state was 276 years old. It was 268 years from 1644, when the Qing army entered the customs and established a national government. The Qing Dynasty ended with the abdication of Xuantong on February 12, 1912, and went through twelve emperors, (2 before entering the customs and 10 after entering the customs), namely Nur Hachi (Mandate of Heaven), Emperor Taiji (Tiancong, Chongde), Fulin (Shunzhi), Xuanye (Kangxi), Yin Yu (Yongzheng), Hongli (Qianlong), Yan Yan (Jiaqing), Min Ning (Daoguang), Yi Yu (Xianfeng), Zai Chun (Tongzhi), Zai Min (Guangxu), and Puyi (Xuantong).
Among them, Shunzhi was the first emperor after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs and was also the emperor who moved the capital to Beijing. Kangxi was the longest-reigning emperor, reigning for 61 years, and the longest reigning emperor in Chinese history. Yong was the most diligent emperor of the Qing Dynasty, with more than 41,600 documents approved during his 13-year reign. Qianlong was the longest-reigning and longest-lived emperor, dying at the age of 89 and the longest-lived emperor in Chinese history. Daoguang was the first emperor to sign an unequal treaty, the emperor at the beginning of modern Chinese history. Xianfeng was the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty to "run away", and in the face of the invasion of the Anglo-French army, he fled to Chengde Mountain Resort under the pretext of hunting the Canghuang in autumn, and was the emperor who ceded the most land in the Qing Dynasty. Guangxu was the emperor who paid the most reparations, of which in the 1901 Xinxiu Treaty China paid 450 million taels of silver to other countries, with a total price and interest of more than 980 million taels of silver. The last emperor, Xuantong, ascended the throne at the youngest age of 3 years old, and was also the shortest reigning emperor of the Qing Dynasty.
Qing dynasty imperial order
Nurhach
The first one: Qing Taizu-Aisin Gyoro Nurhachi (1559-1626), year number: Mandate of Heaven, temple number: Taizu (posthumous), reigned for 10 years (1616-1626), the actual founder of the Qing Dynasty. In 1626, at the age of 68, Nur Hachi died of illness in Dingjibao (present-day Yuhong, Shenyang, Liaoning) and was buried in Fuling, Shenyang.
Huang Taiji
The second place: Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty-Aisin Juelo Huang Taiji (1592-1643), year name: Tiancong, Chongde, temple number: Taizong, reigned for 17 years (1626-1643), in 1636, the 45-year-old Emperor Taiji officially became emperor, changed the name of the country to "Daqing", and changed the year name to "Chongde". In 1643, the 51-year-old Emperor Taiji died in Shengjing Imperial Palace and was buried in Zhaoling.
Shunzhi
The third place: Qing Shizu-Aisin Juelo Fulin (1638-1661), year name: Shunzhi, temple number: Shizu, reigned for 18 years (1643-1661), the first emperor after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs. In 1643, Fulin ascended the throne at the age of 6, and in 1650, the then 13-year-old Fulin became pro-government in advance, and in 1661, at the age of 24, Fulin died in the Yangxin Hall of the Forbidden City in Beijing and was buried in the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Eastern Tomb of the Qing Dynasty, and passed on the throne to his third son Xuan Ye.
Kangxi
The fourth place: Qing Shengzu-Aisin Juelo Xuanye (1654-1722), year number: Kangxi, temple number: Shengzu, reigned for 61 years (1661-1722), the second emperor after the Qing Dynasty, the longest reigning emperor in Chinese history, known as Enkh Amgulang Khan by the Mongols; Tibetans are honored as "Emperor Manjushri". In 1661, Xuan Ye ascended the throne at the age of 8, and in 1667, Xuan Ye, who was 14 years old at the time, officially became pro-government. In 1722, 69-year-old Xuan Ye died in Changchunyuan and was buried in the Jingling Tomb of the Eastern Qing Dynasty, where he was passed on to his fourth son Yin Yu.
Yongzheng
Fifth: Qing Shijong-Aisin Kyoro Yin Yu (1678-1735), year name: Yongzheng, temple number: Sejong, reigned 13 years (1722-1735), the fifth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the third emperor after the Qing Dynasty. In 1722, the 45-year-old Yin Yu succeeded to the throne, and in 1735, the 58-year-old Yin Yu died in the Old Summer Palace and was buried in the Tailing Tomb of the Western Tomb of the Qing Dynasty, passed on to his fourth son Hongli.
Qianlong
Sixth: Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty-Aisin Juelo Hongli (1711-1799), year name: Qianlong, temple number: Emperor Gaozong, reigned for 60 years (1735-1795), trained for three years after the Zen throne, and actually exercised the supreme power for 63 years and 4 months, and was the emperor who actually held the highest power in the country in Chinese history, and the longest-lived emperor. The sixth emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the fourth emperor after the Qing Dynasty. In 1735, at the age of 25, Hongli ascended the throne, and in 1796, Zen's fifteenth son, Aisin Kyoro Yongyan (later renamed Aisin Kyoro Yongyan), began three years of training. In 1799, at the age of 89, Hongli died in the Yangxin Hall of the Forbidden City in Beijing and was buried in Yuling in the Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty.
Jiaqing
Seventh: Qing Renzong - Aisin Juelo Yiyan (1760-1820), original name: Aisin Juelo Yongyan, year name: Jiaqing, temple number: Renzong, reigned for 24 years (1796-1820) The seventh emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the fifth emperor after entering the customs of the Qing Dynasty. In 1796, the Qianlong Emperor held a grand ceremony for the throne, and the then 37-year-old Yan became the emperor. In 1820, at the age of 61, Yan Yan died in Chengde Mountain Resort and was buried in Changling Tomb in western Qing, according to the edict of the iron box hidden in the Qianqing Palace in the fourth year of Jiaqing, and his second son Min Ning took the throne.
Light
Eighth: Qing Xuanzong-Aisin Juelo Minning (1782-1850), year number: Daoguang, temple number: Xuanzong, reigned for 30 years (17820-1850) the eighth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the sixth emperor after the Qing Dynasty, the reigning emperor at the beginning of modern Chinese history, the first emperor to sign an unequal treaty. In 1820, the 39-year-old Min Ning ascended the throne according to the edict of the iron box hidden in the Qianqing Palace for the fourth year of Jiaqing. In 1850, at the age of 69, Min Ning died in Shende Hall in the Old Summer Palace and was buried in the Muling Tomb of the Western Tombs of the Qing Dynasty, passed on to his fourth son Yixi.
Xianfeng
Ninth: Qing Wenzong-Aisin Juelo Yi Yu (1831-1861), year name: Xianfeng, temple number: Wenzong, reigned for 11 years (1850-1861) the ninth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the seventh emperor after the Qing Dynasty, the last emperor in the history of the Qing Dynasty and China to have actual ruling power, and the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty to succeed to the throne through secret crown princes. In 1850, at the age of 20, Yi Xi officially ascended the throne. In 1861, the 31-year-old Yi Yu died in the Yanbo Zhishuang Hall of Chengde Mountain Resort and was buried in the Dingling Tomb of the Eastern Qing Dynasty, passed on to his eldest son Zaichun.
Tongzhi
Tenth place: Qing Muzong-Aisin Juelo Zaichun (1856-1875), year number: Tongzhi, temple number: Muzong, reigned for 14 years (1861-1875) the tenth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the eighth emperor after the Qing Dynasty, the first childless emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and his biological mother was Empress Dowager Cixi. In 1861, Jae-chun was only 6 years old. In 1872, at the age of 17, Jae-chun became pro-government (actually had no real power). In 1875, at the age of 19, Zai Chun died in the East Nuan Pavilion of the Forbidden City's Yangxin Temple, buried in Huiling Tomb in the Eastern Tomb of the Qing Dynasty, childless, and was recruited into the Cheng Dynasty by the son of Yizhen the Prince of Zhaojiao by the Empress Dowager of the Two Palaces.
Guangxu
Eleventh: Qing Dezong-Aisin Juelo Zaiman (1871-1908), year number: Guangxu, temple number: Dezong, reigned for 34 years (1875-1908) The eleventh emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the ninth emperor after the Qing Dynasty. His father was Yizhen the Prince of Alcohol, the seventh son of the Daoguang Emperor, and his mother was Yehenara Wanzhen (sister of Cixi). In 1875, at the age of 4, Zai Mian was made emperor by Empress Dowager Cixi, and the Empress Dowager Cixi obeyed the government until the age of 18, and in 1889, the Guangxu Emperor began to nominally pro-government, but the actual power of the dynasty remained in the hands of Empress Dowager Cixi. In 1908, the 38-year-old Zai Mian died in Yingtai, Zhongnanhai, and after expert research, Zai Mian died of arsenic poisoning and was buried in the Chongling Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty, where Empress Dowager Cixi appointed Puyi to inherit the imperial line.
Xuantong
The twelfth, Aisin Juelo Puyi (1906-1967), year name: Xuantong, no official temple number, reigned for 3 years (1908-1912), the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the tenth emperor after the Qing Dynasty, and the last emperor of the Chinese feudal dynasty. In 1908, the three-year-old Puyi ascended the throne and was regent by his father Zaifeng. He was forced to abdicate on February 12, 1912, and on July 1, 1917 (the sixth year of the Republic of China) Zhang Xun supported his brief restoration, but was defeated on 12 days, and on July 12, 1917, Puyi abdicated for the second time. In 1967, at the age of 61, he died in Beijing and was buried in Babaoshan Mountain, and in 1995 he moved to the Hualong Royal Mausoleum near the Chongling (Guangxu Mausoleum) in the Qingxi Mausoleum.
(The picture comes from the Internet, if there is infringement, please contact to delete)