Pope Pius V did not like Elizabeth I at all, and like other Catholics, he considered Elizabeth I illegitimate, and he believed that he had valid reasons.
First of all, Elizabeth I's origin was illegitimate, her mother was the Protestant Anne Boleyn, the second queen of Henry VIII, who sprinkled the Protestant fire on the land of England, and this was precisely what the Pope was angry about, not only did they not recognize Henry's marriage to Anne, but also regarded Elizabeth as illegitimate.
In their view, it was absurd to have an illegitimate son rule England. Secondly, Elizabeth's choice of Protestantism as a religion is tantamount to declaring war with Roman Catholicism again, how can non-Catholics rule England, and how can England be bathed in the glory of God.
Last but not least, Mary Stuart of Scotland had a Catholic faith, and according to the Ancien Régime, she was the real queen who could rule England.
Pope Pius V spared no effort to put Mary of Scotland on the supreme throne of England.
Mary Stuart of Scotland, the daughter of Henry VIII's sister, lived in France for a long time in her childhood and had a strong Catholic faith. Catholics at the time regarded her as the rightful heir of England.
In 1568, a coup d'état took place in Scotland, and Mary fled to England for refuge. Of course, her purpose was not only to take refuge, but also to seize Elizabeth I's dominance in England.
She was restless upon her arrival in England, first participating in Catholic rebellion in northern England and then in plotting the assassination of Elizabeth I. Her restlessness caused her not only to fail to obtain the throne of England, but to take her own life. Her death also dashed the last hopes of the Roman Catholic Church.
Elizabeth was still able to protect the throne of England despite the Pope's opposition due to the following three factors. First, the power of the pope has declined, its authority is much less than that of the medieval period, and it is dependent on the more powerful France, Spain and other countries, its own authority has declined, followed by the decline of Catholic authority.
Second, the Renaissance movement that arose on the European continent, people of insight read classical books, they brought not only the spread of knowledge, but also the enlightenment of ideas; They read the original version of the Bible, which made the Catholic preaching vulnerable, and people had reason and naturally did not blindly listen to Catholic rumors.
Third, Elizabeth's own wisdom was an important reason for her success in guarding the throne.
One of them was the choice of a gentle and wise bishop as her right-hand man in religious rule, so that she could be guided and comforted in the face of complex religious chaos. This bishop was Matthew Parker, the first Archbishop of Canterbury under Elizabeth I.
Matthew Parker was born on August 6, 1504, in the Diocese of St. Salvation in Norwich. Early Parker did not show interest in theology, but he was curious and passionate about literature.
This was due to the education of his tutors from childhood to young adulthood, who were keen to teach Parker the basics of Latin, Greek, and English grammar, and taught him some ancient customs and etiquette. These greatly assisted Parker's later research on literature and theology.
Parker's early understanding of theology was as simple as that of ordinary believers, and he did not think deeply about the meaning of theology. He lived in the predominantly Catholic province in his early years, and there was no indication that his family or himself had any connection to the Protestant Reformation until 1521, when Parker left his home to study in Cambridge.
Parker's study at Cambridge was an important turning point in his life, as he had not been educated in Protestant theological thought and had no knowledge of Protestant thought. Cambridge University was the main camp for spreading Protestantism, and Parker entered Cambridge to study, but was not exposed to Protestantism.
When Parker first arrived at Cambridge, he felt a very different approach to education than his tutors. At Cambridge University, he gained a wealth of knowledge, which led to an open mind and a good idea of complex problems. Parker's relaxed learning environment in Cambridge gave him more room to think. Still, the young man wasn't ready to deal with confusing and annoying issues face to face.
