Now it seems that in 712 AD, two major events occurred in the Tang Dynasty, one was that Emperor Ruizong of Tang passed the throne to his son Li Longji, who was later called Emperor Xuanzong of Tang or Emperor Ming; The second is the birth of Du Xian's second son, but the latter did not attract the attention of too many people at that time.
Everyone paid attention to the changes in the court, and everyone knew that Tang Ruizong was just a puppet who was pushed out, and the real power was Li Longji, who had made a great effort in the coup and was made crown prince. This year's Zen concession is even more in the spotlight.
And Du Xian, naming his second son Du Fu, is naturally a small thing that cannot be small.
A high-profile childhood
Du Fu's mother died shortly after his birth, and Du Fu had no impression of her, so much so that it was never mentioned in the articles and poems written by Du Fu throughout his life.
His father soon married a second lady, who produced three sons and a daughter to his father, all of whom Du Fu mentioned in poetry.
After the death of his half-brother, because Du Fu's aunt was very close to his mother, the young Du Fu was taken by his aunt to raise him at home.
During the plague epidemic, Du Fu and his aunt's son contracted the disease at the same time, and the healing witch doctor believed that the southeast corner of the house was an auspicious location where the children would survive.
His aunt moved her son out of the southeast corner and placed Du Fu in that corner. In the end, Du Fu survived the pandemic, and his aunt's self-sacrificing personality influenced many of Du Fu's future decisions.
Therefore, after the death of his aunt, Du Fu wore a horse and wore filial piety for his aunt, and wrote the epitaph "Tombstone of Junjing Zhao Du Clan of Tang Dynasty Wannian County" with deep sorrow, remembering the woman who had the greatest influence on him.
Du Fu called her "Tang Yigu" and hoped that she would be remembered by future generations like "Lu Yigu".
(Lu Yigu: During the Warring States period, the State of Qi attacked Lu, and there was a woman in the State of Lu, who hugged a son when the Qi army was about to arrive, fled with a son, abandoned the child she was holding when she was caught up, and picked up the child she was holding, and the Qi army caught up and asked, only to know that it was her nephew who was taking her, and it was her son who was abandoned, and Qi would retire because of its righteousness, and Lu Jun was rewarded when he heard about it, and the descendants built a shrine to commemorate it.) ）
Under the upbringing of his aunt, Du Fu had a happy childhood, and the three- and four-year-old Du Fu was taken by his aunt to watch the world-shattering Gongsun Da Niang sword dance.
So much so that the fifty-five-year-old Du Fu can still recall the Gongsun Da Niang sword dance he watched when he was a child, and the sturdy dance posture and brilliant sword light were enough to make him remember it more than fifty years later, and recognize her disciple by virtue of this.
In the past, there was a beautiful Gongsun clan, and a dance of sword weapons moved in all directions.
The viewer is like a mountain of depressed, and the heavens and the earth have been low for a long time.
㸌 (huò) is like Yi shooting nine sunsets, and is like the emperor of the group of dragons.
Come like thunder to collect anger, like Jiang Hai condensing light.
Seven-year-old Du Fu has already shown his talent far beyond others, and he no longer talks about poetry. His father saw in Du Fu the demeanor of his grandfather and even his ancestors.
Du Fu was sent to study in a private school near Jingzhao, and his classmates were all rich children from the surrounding area.
Many classmates and teenagers are not cheap, and Wuling clothes and horses are light and fat.
Nine-year-old Du Fu, in addition to his talent in poetry and books, also showed a talent in calligraphy. His writing works far surpassed his peers, and his works were also praised by his elders, which made him remember many years later, and he was still a little self-satisfied.
Qiling thought strongly, and opened his mouth to chant the phoenix.
The Nine Ages Book has large characters and is made into a bag.
Thirteen or fourteen-year-old Du Fu, the articles he wrote and showed literary talent, which was enough to impress everyone in the literary world at that time, allowing him to enter and exit the Hanmo field.
The literati Li Yong and Wang Han, who were already famous at that time, also admired him very much because of his talent. And the famous men Cui Shang and Wei Qixin saw his poetry and also praised him for having the talent of Ban Yang (Ban Gu, Yang Xiong).
In the past 14th Five-Year Plan, he traveled to Hanmo Field.
Sven Trei, I am like Bunyan.
At this time, Du Fu did not waste his talents and talents, and he studied very hard to be recognized by the older literati. Also because of his association with the older literati, the literary trend of the ancient literary revival movement influenced his literary style.
Later generations summarized Du Fu's poetry and found that Du Fu's poetry covered a wide range of poetry style, poetry style and poetic art, and the poetry genre was omnipotent, the poetry style was omnipresent, and the poetry art was all refined.
What other poets are good at, Du Fu is good at, and what other poets are not good at, Du Fu is also good at. It can be said that "everything is good in the body near the body, everything is good in five words and seven words, and the five laws and seven laws can be called holy".
His poetry followed strict grammatical requirements, and his use of words and things was also very accurate, and later generations of poets preferred to learn Du Fu.
The reason why Du Fu was able to do this kind of thing naturally stemmed from his extensive reading and hard study, and at the same time, many allusions were incorporated into Du Fu's poems, and even after continuous interpretation, it was still impossible to fully understand the content of Du Fu's poems.
Du Fu wrote the boastful "reading of ten thousand volumes", no one will question it, and no one will refute it.
Young people who roam thousands of miles
However, the young Du Fu is not the type of dead reader, and when he is studying in the school, he will frequently pick the tree for ripe pear dates.
In August before the court, the pear dates are ripe, and the tree can be turned a thousand times a day.
This rich "extracurricular activities" gave Du Fu a strong physique and prepared him for his roaming.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, with the unification of the country, the development of economy and society, especially the implementation of the imperial examination system, the scholars at that time burst into a strong enterprising spirit.
Prompted by this enterprising spirit, to see the vast territory, to make friends with the world's rich and famous, to experience the magnificence of famous mountains and rivers, it formed the roaming atmosphere of the literati at that time.
Nineteen-year-old Du Fu, following the literary atmosphere of the time, decided to travel far to see the weather of the Tang Dynasty.
In that era when there were no trains and no cars, if you wanted to travel far away, you would mostly walk on foot, and some sections could be ridden on horseback and donkeys, and all you could rely on along the waterway was a manpower boat.
Du Fu crossed the Yellow River, made a short stop in Puzhou, and after arriving in Jiangning (Nanjing), he felt the wind and flow of the Six Dynasties there, toured Suzhou, climbed Gusu Mountain, saw the Tiger Hill Sword Pond, and visited the ancient tombs and ruins of Taibo, Zhuanzhu and other figures.
Wang Xie is far away, and the tomb is deserted.
Jianchi stone wall, Cheung Chau lotus.
After that, Du Fu continued to travel east, crossing the Qiantang River to Hangzhou, climbing the Xiling Ancient Residence Tower at Xiaoshan, and also hanging the ancient monuments of King Goujian of Wu and the Qin Emperor at Huijian.
Every time Wu Taibo leans into it, he caresses the waves of tears.
Pillow Ge remembered Goujian, crossing Zhejiang to think of the Qin Emperor.
After arriving in Yuezhou and Taizhou, he heard the song of the lotus-picking girl, and also saw the white and beautiful Yue woman, and the beauty of the Yue woman, which made the young Du Fu feel amazing.
Yue Nu is white in the world, and Jian Lake is cool in May.
During this excursion, Du Fu met a young monk, and the two of them sang poetry, played chess, boated, and traveled through mountain streams, which made him feel extremely happy, and both sides cherished this friendship immensely, and thirty years later, they will still care about each other and will find ways to get news from others.
Thirty years after not seeing the Duke of Min, the letter was sent and tears welled up.
Young Du Fu held a carefree mood and a high-spirited mentality, saw the prosperous atmosphere of the Tang Dynasty and traveled through the mountains and rivers of the Tang Dynasty.
At that time, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang appointed virtuous talents, rectified the rule of officials, and implemented a series of measures to improve the economy, and the national strength of the Tang Dynasty climbed step by step, reaching its peak, which later generations called "Kaiyuan Prosperous", and Du Fu experienced this process of rising national strength.
Growing up in an environment of social prosperity and development, Du Fu in his twenties was full of vitality and hopes and fantasies about the future, and the enthusiasm of the young man made him even have the urge to hire a boat to sail to Fuso when he landed on the Wanghai.
And this matter, decades later, he still remembers it from time to time and never forgets it.
To this day, if there is a grudge, you must not be poor.
The reason why Du Fu "can't" is that he needs to return to Chang'an to take the imperial examination.
Twenty-four-year-old Du Fu ended his wandering life like this.
In the Tang Dynasty, which did not have modern means of transportation, Du Fu could not travel thousands of miles in one day like the current "special forces tourism".
Du Fu's "journey of thousands of miles" is to rely on his legs to climb the mountains and look far away, observe the world with his eyes, he tasted the "prosperous era of the new century" and saw the uplifting Tang Dynasty!
At this time, Du Fu had the literary talent envied by others, saw all kinds of warmth and coldness of the Tang Dynasty, and spent his most dynamic years traveling through the scenery of the Tang Dynasty.
There is no doubt that he wrote a lot of poetry in the process, but except for "Night Banquet Zuo Shi Zhuang", we can no longer see the works of the young, wanton, literary and hopeful Du Fu.
Perhaps, from Du Fu's later perspective, those poems were too young and mature to reserve, but they also deprived us of the best way to understand this young poet.
So that we can only vaguely distinguish the vague and hazy figure from his memories of old age.
Days of resentment
Du Fu, who was full of spirit, returned to Chang'an to prepare for the imperial examination to be held in the spring of the following year.
He was ready to enter the court as a scholar, show what he had learned, and contribute his strength to this great Tang dynasty.
And then.
He ushered in the first major blow of his life - the failure of the scientific expedition.
This failure, for Du Fu, is not just a simple failure in the exam, a big deal to take the exam again next year, but a denial of himself, a denial of all his past glory and honor.
Du Fu's ancestor Du Pre, born in the Jingzhao Du clan, was a military strategist, classicist, and lawyer during the Wei and Jin dynasties, and Du Pre was one of the commanders of the Jin Dynasty and Wu, and was named the Marquis of Fengle Ting. He was erudite and well-versed in economics, politics, military affairs, calendar, decrees, arithmetic, and engineering, and was known as "Du Wuku".
And his annotated "Collection of the Legends of the Spring and Autumn Zuo Clan", which follows the precedent of Ma Rong and Zheng Xuan's "Separate Transmission of the Annexed Scriptures" in arrangement, is the earliest surviving commentary on the "Legend of the Spring and Autumn Zuo Clan", and he is the only person before the Ming Dynasty to enter the Temple of Literature and the Temple of Wu at the same time.
Du Fu's grandfather, Du Xianyan, was listed in the first year of Xian Heng, served as the lieutenant of Xi (xí) Chengxian County, and became a direct bachelor of Xiuwenkan, died in the post of chief bookkeeper of Guozijian, and was posthumously presented as a writer from the fifth rank.
At the same time, Du Xianyan is also one of the famous "Four Friends of the Article", their poetry in addition to singing praises to virtue and palace garden banquets, revealing information about poetry reform, making great contributions to the maturity of Tang poetry, Du Xianyan is the highest achievement among the four.
As the person who promoted the formation of the Five Laws of poetry, his Five Laws "He Jin Ling Lu Cheng Early Spring Travel" was praised by Hu Yinglin of the Ming Dynasty as the first of the Five Laws of the Early Tang Dynasty.
Du Xian, as Du Xianyan's second son, did not have much literary talent, and he saw the shadow of his father and even the style of his ancestors in the body of Du Fu when he was a child, so he was willing to send him to the private school of his rich son, and at the same time placed great hopes on him.
As a young bereaved mother and raised by his aunt, Du Fu can clearly feel this expectation, and his performance, whether it is poetry, calligraphy, or knowledge and ability, has been widely recognized.
At the same time, Du Fu was selected by Jingzhaofu as a representative to participate in the scientific expedition, you know, this in itself is an honor to recognize Du Fu's talent.
In particular, the other Kyoshiko have passed the scientific examination and are waiting for appointment.
He took the examination and resigned from the Jing Yin Tang alone.
Combined with Du Fu's experience, it is enough to imagine how big the failure of this scientific expedition hit Du Fu,
He was also unwilling to stay longer in Jingzhaofu, and left with a heavy heart to say goodbye to the people and things familiar to Jingzhaofu.
Du Fu's failure this time cannot actually be fully regarded as his responsibility,
The chief examiner of this year was the examiner Foreign Lang Li Ang, who advocated his reputation to the judges at that time in order to be in line, and then asked the examiner to let the corresponding personnel win, and also specifically emphasized that if there was a request, it would be dealt with according to the failure.
With Du Fu's reputation at that time, there must be many people who said good things about him, hoping to let Du Fu admit.
This will naturally make Li Ang disgusted, and even use Du Fu's fall to earn fame for himself.
It's just that Du Fu didn't talk much about this, explaining his defeat with his own articles that were not to the taste of the examiner.
Live a life of wanton pleasure
After the failure of the scientific expedition, Du Fu did not collapse and become the familiar "gloomy" appearance of later generations, but still lived a colorful life, and recalled this period in his later years, which is also called "happy eight or nine years".
At this time, Du Fu's father Du Xian was appointed as the Sima of Yan (yǎn) Prefecture, Du Fu first visited his father and informed him of the results of the scientific examination, facing his disappointed father, Du Fu was also a little depressed in his heart, climbed high and looked far away, leaned on the building to nostalgia, and also became confused about his future life.
It has never been much ancient meaning, and it is a solitary hesitation.
Du Xian, who had been in the officialdom for many years, obviously understood better why Du Fu was off the list, and also saw his son's distress and confusion, so he suggested that he roam again to distract himself, and the expenses incurred in the process were provided by Du Xian.
Du Fu wandered in the north and northwest of Yanzhou, learned horsemanship and archery, hunted horses, led Huang Qingcang, and hunted among the mountains and forests all day, in the process met Su Xian, and the two spent a happy time hunting together.
Debauchery Qi Zhao, Juma is quite crazy. On the stage of spring songs, beside the winter hunting hills.
Calling eagle soap forest, chasing beasts cloud snow gang. Shoot the longitudinal sheath and lead the arm to drop the crane (cāng).
Such a life of travel also alleviated the melancholy in Du Fu's heart, and on Mount Tai, not far from the north of Yanzhou, he climbed high and looked far away, and his vigorous vitality was born, and he wrote the widely circulated song "Wangyue", expressing his desire to climb to the top with "will be the top of the mountain, see the mountains and small mountains".
This life of sightseeing and hunting not only dispelled the depression in his heart, but also made him gain great satisfaction and happiness, and many years later, the old and sick Du Fu couldn't help but want to show others his horsemanship and archery.
However, the happy days did not last long, and Du Fu suffered the death of his father.
As the imperial doctor and Sima of Yanzhou, Du Xian could make up for his son to enter the government, and Du Fu, as the actual eldest son, was naturally able to enjoy this opportunity, but he gave the opportunity to enter the government to his half-brother - Du Ying, and Du Ying thus obtained the junior official of the lower rank of Cao Zheng Jiupin in Linyi.
Shedi Beiqiyi, Fangchuan Lingbi Cao.
After his father's death, Du Fu, as the eldest son in the family, had to return to Yanzhou to deal with his father's affairs, and he placed his father in the family cemetery of Yanshi, while also placing other family members to live there.
Because there is a certain amount of family income there, it can support the daily expenses of the family after losing his father's fortune.
In order to observe filial piety, Du Fu built a new residence under Shouyang Mountain, and after the completion of the new residence, he wrote the "Sacrifice to the Distant Ancestor Dangyang Junwen" to worship the ancestor Du Xian.
The kid builds a room, under the first sun, he does not dare to forget his roots, and does not dare to disobey benevolence.
Yan Shi's new residence is very close to his aunt who lives in Luoyang, and Du Fu can visit him from time to time, exchange daily life between the two sides, and even recall things when he was a child.
This time may be a rare solace for him during his filial piety.
However, the warm time did not last long, and he encountered the death of his aunt, and he wrote an epitaph for the woman who raised him to remember forever for future generations.
Deprived of his father's income support, as well as expenses for funerals and building a new home, Du Fu began to seek opportunities to work in Luoyang, wanting to take on the responsibility of the head of the family.
Thirty-two-year-old Du Fu, as the head of the family, needs to deal with the funeral of his step-grandmother again. According to the custom, the step-grandmother was placed in the family cemetery of Yanshi and the "Epitaph of the Lu Clan of the Tang Dynasty Fan Yang Taijun" was written for him.
After burying his step-grandmother, he needs to return to Chen Liu to dispose of his step-grandmother's inheritance.
In one of Chen Liu's liquor shops, he met two poets who were wandering around, one was Li Bai, who was eleven years older than him, and the other was Gao Shi, who was eight years older than him.
At this time, Li Bai had just been given back the money, and he roamed everywhere to send out the bitterness in his heart. And Gao Shi is also the first in the imperial examination, but Qiushi has been repeatedly frustrated, "Xu Guo is not famous, and his family is ashamed."
Together with Du Fu, three "lost people" met in Pingshui, all of them were guests from other places.
It's just that at this time, the background of the three people is all heroic, Li Bai who "looks up to the sky and laughs and goes out, my generation is a Penghao person", Gao Shi, who "has no self in the road ahead, who in the world does not know the king", and Du Fu, who "will be the top of the mountain, see the mountains and small", the three are in Chen Liu's small wine shop.
They chanted poetry, drank and sang, played chess, and after a drunken fight, the three decided to travel together.
Remembering and Gao Li generation, on handing over into the wine.
The two men are strong and thoughtful, and I have to be colorful.
Breathy on the stage, nostalgic for the ancient world.
Starting from Chen Liu, they went all the way to the southeast, playing between Liang and Song, they brewed wine, sang and sang, drank wine, drank wine on the stage, and generously nostalgic for the past.
Li Bai wrote the cascading and abrupt changes of "Liang Yuan Yin", while Gao Shi wrote the bold and upright, deep and sad "Ancient Da Liang Xing".
The former and Gao Li, late on the single father's stage.
Cold and cold, thousands of miles come.
Li Bai, who was good at swordsmanship, Gao Shi, a poet from a military family, and Du Fu, who was quite proud of his archery, drove their horses together, bent their bows and hunted, and spent a happy and abnormal day.
Literature, poetry, martial arts, pride, experience... Let the three people be extremely speculative, "Writing here, we should draw corners of the tees, send the tees to beat the drum, and then lift the pen to dip it in gold ink, big books and special books." ”
In his later years, Du Fu often missed this time, and only he understood that the wanton young man in this time, the happy days of being a confidant, was a rare time in the future.
After the three separated, Du Fu returned to Yanzhou, where his father had served as Sima, and rented a house in Shimen, on the eastern outskirts of the city, where he invited friends, held a banquet, and once again met Li Bai.
Du Fu wrote "Liu Jiu Fa Cao Zheng Fang Qiu Shimen Banquet Collection" to commemorate the days of happy banquets and drinks with friends, and there was also a dinner with Li Bai "Seeking Fan Ten Retreat with Li Twelve Bai", but at this time, Du Fu recognized the importance of livelihood, and the song "Gift to Li Bai" was both about Li Bai and about himself.
Autumn came to care about Shang Piapeng, and did not feel ashamed of Ge Hong on Dansha.
Who is it to drink and sing wildly?
When Du Fu chose to return to Chang'an, Li Bai wrote "Lu County East Shimen Sends Du Erfu" to bid farewell to Du Fu, regretting that the two sides were carried away by the wind like a flying peng, and suggested drinking the glass of wine, because this pleasant companion life in Shimen would not be repeated.
Li Bai began to travel alone again, compared to the previous happy days with Du Fu, he felt that the current wine was not so mellow, and the high song was no longer happy, and wrote "Dune City Under the City to Send Du Fu" to express that his emotions had gone with Du Fu like Wen Shui.
It's just that he doesn't know that with Wen Shui, there is also that wanton and proud young Du Fu.
Du Fu after being reshaped
Thirty-three-year-old Du Fu returned to Chang'an, which had been absent for eight or nine years, but at this time, Chang'an was no longer the same Chang'an he had when he left.
The emperor, who was brilliant and vigorous, had already begun to snub the imperial government and favor the traitors, and Li Linfu, a generation of traitors, held power alone at this moment, obscuring his words.
And Du Fu also lost his father's financial support, he began to taste the taste of poverty, although there was a friend and writing fees, but "Chang'an is expensive, it is not easy to live", Du Fu needs to "begging for food" for his daily expenses.
Chao Guo Fu'er Gate, twilight with fat horse dust.
Broken cups and cold burns, sadness lurks everywhere.
He missed the old days, the happy life, and the people and things at that time, so he wrote poems such as "Winter with Li Bai", "Spring Day Remembers Li Bai", "Tonight Travel" and other poems.
Next, Du Fu witnessed the death of his friends involved in political turmoil, and under the manipulation of Li Linfu, Huangfu Weiming, Wei Jian's brothers and others were given death, Li Shizhi, the left minister of the "Eight Immortals in Drink", and his son were forced to commit suicide, and the elderly Beihai Taishou Li Yong was killed with a rod.
Even he was affected by Li Linfu's political means, and Tang Xuanzong opened an Enke exam in order to give the scholars who failed the scientific examination a chance, and Li Linfu advised Tang Xuanzong not to personally proctor, and finally deposed all the scholars, and reported Tang Xuanzong for "wild and sage" to please Emperor Xuanzong.
Du Fu was one of the failed candidates, as well as Yuan Jie, who was known for his literary talent and shined in the Anshi Rebellion, one of the "Six Yis of Zhuxi", and Kong Chao's father, the 37th grandson of Confucius.
As a poet, or a poet with rich emotions and a keen mind, in the face of such an environment, the entanglement of ideals and reality, the game of hope and disappointment, the struggle between happiness and sorrow, the tug-of-war between desire and fear of persecution, gratitude for the repetition of friendship and indignation and betrayal... Between all kinds of extreme emotional changes, he was repeatedly beaten and smelted, and the books he read, the roads he walked, the pride he once had, and the free romance of the past were all broken and kneaded little by little, and then chewed again by him, and finally swallowed into his stomach.
The unrestrained and wanton young Du Fu gradually disappeared, and the familiar Du Fu who was sad and pitying, and depressed gradually appeared in front of people.
I often think about the difference between Du Fu and Li Bai - one to the west and the other to the east, one to the capital, the center of political intrigue and competition, and the other to leave the center of the whirlpool and choose to travel the world.
At this time, Li Bai was already a famous Li Bai, and Du Fu was still a famous Du Fu, if Du Fu chose to leave with Li Bai, future generations may notice a good poet who wrote poetry because of studying Li Bai.
And Du Fu chose to go west, bid farewell to his idol Li Bai, and was squeezed, tormented, beaten and reshaped in the whirlpool, he did not become a poet like his idol, but eventually called "Two Yao in Poems" with his idol.