This autumn, Universal Studios opened its park in the midst of thousands of calls, and instantly "brought fire" to the Beijing tourism market. Not only are tickets sold out within 1 minute, the Metro also has a universal resort station, which becomes the eastern terminus of Line 7.
While swimming in the world of Kung Fu Panda and Harry Potter, you might want to extend your journey westward as the convenient Metro Line 7 connects the rich and splendid Southern City landscape. Qiaowan, Zhushikou, Hufangqiao, Caishikou, these places are not only subway stations, but also unique cultural heritage and special cuisine. Head west from line 7, where the original Life of the South City is worth experiencing.
Beijing Nancheng Cultural Experience Route © Chinese Customs
"The east is rich and the west is expensive, the south is poor and the north is lowly", a common saying tells the location characteristics of Beijing in the past. Nancheng roughly included the former Chongwen District and the former Xuanwu District in terms of administrative divisions. 600 years ago, in 1421, Ming Chengzu Zhu Di officially moved the capital to Beijing, and people from all walks of life rushed to the "imperial capital" to develop, and Nancheng became a temporary place for these outsiders to live when they entered Beijing. The exam-taking children, merchants from all over the world, street vendors, and skilled artists gather here, blooming a diverse and inclusive cultural landscape, and also giving birth to classic works such as "Old Things in the South of the City" and "Longsugou".
Qianmen Avenue network © a hundred years ago
Today, Beijing Metro Line 7 strings the traditional landscape of the former Nancheng into a natural tour route, and you will find that Qiaowan, Zhushikou, Hufang Bridge, caishikou are not only subway stations, but also contain the most Beijing-flavored cultural heritage.
Behind the magnificent altar temple building, there is a cultural code hidden
- Bridge Bay Station
When you take Line 7 from Qiaowan Station Exit B, 750 meters away is where the north gate of Temple of Heaven Park is located. As the largest temple complex in the world, the Temple of Heaven was once a place where the Emperor of the Ming and Qing Dynasties sacrificed to the Emperor and prayed for the abundance of grain. Unveiling the mysteries of the past, the Temple of Heaven, which is revealed to the world, attracts visitors from all over the world with its profound architectural culture and magnificent architectural form.
The Temple of Heaven was once a place where the Emperor of the Ming and Qing Dynasties sacrificed to the Emperor and prayed for the abundance of grain. © Figureworm creative
Unlike the Forbidden City and Jingshan Park, which were once royal buildings, the Temple of Heaven was not pressed on the central axis of Beijing City, but was selected on the south second ring road, which was a little east of the central axis. According to the I Ching, the southeast is the seat of the imperial palace, the position of the sun, that is, the direction where the sun is most abundant, so it has become the most suitable location for the Temple of Heaven.
The Temple of Heaven is divided into an inner altar and an outer altar, and both the overall layout and the single building convey the relationship between heaven and earth. The altar wall is rounded north and south, symbolizing the "heavenly round place", and the roof is covered with blue glazed tiles, which is the embodiment of the traditional concept of "sky blue and yellow". The main building is on the inner altar, which is connected by the Dan Majesty Bridge to the circular hill altar and the Imperial Vault in the south and the Prayer Hall and the Imperial Qian Hall in the north. Outside the inner altar, the ancient pine is surrounded, and the ancient cypress is lush, which makes the inner altar more majestic and solemn.
The decoration on the roof ridge of the Temple of Heaven is covered © in blue Figureworm Creative
The circular mound is shaped like a heaven, and the stone needed for construction is extended and stacked in multiples of nine, symbolizing the number of "days". In addition, the blue color used in the blue glaze covered on the surface of the circular mound is also a symbol of "heaven". The Hall of Prayer for the Year is a square hall that uses the technique of "like heaven and earth" to symbolize the stars of the week and the twelve hours, December, and four seasons. The Dan Majesty Bridge is 360 meters long, high in the north and low in the south, from south to north, step by step, after a long climb, until the heavenly court.
The Dan Majesty Bridge runs in a north-south direction and is located on the main axis of the Temple of Heaven building. © Figureworm creative
If you are still unsatisfied after visiting the Temple of Heaven, you want to learn more about Chinese architecture. Check out the Museum of Ancient Architecture in Beijing, just outside the West Gate of the Temple of Heaven, which offers a complete picture of ancient Chinese architectural technology, art and its history. The museum is now opened in Beijing Xiannong Altar, which is the place where the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties worshiped Shennong, cultivated the fields and watched the cultivation, and gradually formed a complete ancient architectural complex of altar temples after the improvement of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Treasured in the Taishi Hall of the Ancestral Temple, the "Beijing Longfu Temple Zaojing" is known as a "rare national treasure" and is a national first-class cultural relic. © Figureworm creative
The total area of the Temple of Heaven is equivalent to four Forbidden City, and if you add another Ancestral Temple, it must be a manual work to walk down completely. Before going to the Temple of Heaven, you can go to the old Ciqikou bean juice shop opposite the north gate for some authentic Beijing snacks. The bean juice made of mung bean is rich in nutrients, and when the sour taste is wrapped in the taste and the taste buds collide perfectly, the different taste experience will surely leave a fresh and unforgettable memory for first-time tasters. If you take another bite of the crispy charred circle, accompanied by a bite of salty and slightly spicy shredded vegetables, then the original old Beijing snack will be in the belly.
The unique taste of bean juice is sure to leave an unforgettable memory for first-time tasters. © Figureworm creative
The north and north of Daonan Province are clearly distinguished, and after a hundred years of liveliness, they are still bustling
——Zhushikou Station
Zhushikou Station, which is located on the central axis of the tianqiao and qianmen, is the most direct exit to appreciate the civilian culture of old Beijing. To the south, the Tianqiao area is where the old jianghu artists broke into the rivers and lakes, and the Qianmen area to the north is the most prosperous commercial and trade area in Beijing during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The sky bridge dedicated to tianzi has long ceased to exist, and the tall and magnificent front gate tower still shows the glory of that year.
Zhengyang Gate is commonly known as the front gate, the south gate of the inner city of Beijing during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is a complete ancient defensive architectural system. © Figureworm creative
In the old days, when the emperor went to the Temple of Heaven to worship the heavens, the only place to pass through was Zhushikou, but for a long time, "Zhushikou" was called "Pig Market Mouth", because it was originally a trading market for buying and selling pigs, and later for the sake of elegance, the original "Pig Market Mouth" was changed to "Zhushikou" by using the harmonic sound. Since it is called "Pig Market Mouth", it is naturally a place of activity for ordinary people.
In the past, there was a difference between "Dao South" and "Dao North" in the north and south of Zhushikou, and the "Dao" here refers to Zhushikou. Although there is only one separation, there is also a difference between elegance and customs. Mr. Chen Zongfan's "Yandu Cong Kao" quoted the "Shuntian Times Cong Tan" as saying: "Gai uses Zhushikou Street as a scripture to distinguish elegant ears. Not only does it point out the importance of the location of Zhushikou, but it also shows that the overpass area of "Daonan" and the Qianmen area of "Daobei" belong to two worlds.
"Pulling a piece of foreign film" is a traditional folk art that was often found in the old Tianqiao area. © Figureworm creative
"Wine flag drama drum Tianqiao City, how many tourists do not remember home", while watching folk art while tasting authentic food, five elements and eight works gathered, what kind of juggling dazzling, which shows the liveliness of the Tianqiao Market. For the lonely and unknown artists of the past, the opening theater from the tianqiao market in "Daonan" to the enlightened theater in Zhushikou is basically the only way to run to the theater of "Daobei" and become famous. At that time, the new Fengxia first skipped the dragon gate of the enlightened theater from the Tianqiao Market, and then she had the success of the later achievements.
Today, the old lively performance venue of Tianqiao has long become a long-term memory, and the once brilliant enlightened theater has also been submerged in the dust of history, but the dazzling artistic treasures like stars are still dazzling, and friends who like it may find Beijing Tianqiao Art Center, Tianqiao Theater, Tianqiao Acrobatic Theater, Deyun Society, Xuannan Bookstore along the Tianqiao Cultural Square to enjoy an audiovisual feast.
Brilliant theatrical performances © of Figureworm Creativity
After crossing Zhushikou Station, we came to Qianmen Street. Before the construction of the outer city in the twenty-ninth year of Ming Jiajing (1550 AD), this was the imperial road taken by the emperor when he went to the Temple of Heaven to worship the heavens. With the development of the surrounding markets and the establishment of local guild halls, the commerce of Qianmen Street gradually flourished. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the inner city where the Flag people lived was strictly managed, and theaters, tea houses, brothels, hostels, shops, etc. could only take root in the outer city. The inner and outer cities are separated by different living conditions. During the Qianlong period, the Qianmen Commercial District developed to its heyday, and it still has strong vitality after many years.
Next to the brightly lit Qianmen Street, there are many merchants and © creative ideas
Strolling through Qianmen Avenue, surrounded by merchants, the brand-new gatehouse is an unforgettable memory of the old brand that has been passed down for many years: the "old façade wall" restored by Quanjude uses the original bricks, all of which contain the "Five Blessings Golden Plaque" given by the Qianlong Emperor himself, and the yilong has a copper hot pot used by the Guangxu Emperor. "Horses on the top of the head, feet inline rise, wearing Rui Fengxiang", the fashionable costumes of a hundred years ago can be quickly matched in today's Qianmen area.
The little copper man at the door of the business house is "soliciting business" © figure worm creativity
If you're tired, find a shop to slowly taste the unique flavors of old Beijing. The roasted duck in the cheap shop is crispy on the outside and tender on the inside, and the "whole duck table" in Quanjude was selected as the state banquet. Qianlong gave the name of "Du Yi" to sell thin skin filling, Cixi loves to eat Yuesheng Zhai sauce beef and mutton five spices rich. The grilled meat of the "wild wind and wild atmosphere" during the barbecue season and the fried liver with a strong flavor of Tianxingju are all delicious dishes that have been passed down for a hundred years; The selection of pickles in Liubiju is exquisite and strictly made, and the wide variety of pastries in Daoxiangcun is also widely praised to this day. If you want to dissolve the grease, you can come to the "Kowloon Zhai" sour plum soup, and the fragrant tea leaves in Zhang Yiyuan Tea House are also a good choice.
Qianlong gave the name of "Du Yi" to burn and sell thin skin filling, fresh flavor and beautiful © insect creativity
If you are willing to sit back and savor in the hustle and bustle of the city, you will find that the brick walls and even the door numbers of the hutongs are silently telling the past. Although the "Eight Hutongs" no longer have the hustle and bustle of the past, the statues of the tongguang thirteen at the mouth of the hutong are still reminding the passers-by of the wonderful times of a hundred years ago. If you are interested in "Pear Garden Culture" and "Qinglou Culture", you can slowly tour along the winding Baishun Hutong, Hanjia Hutong, Shaanxi Lane, the slightly dilapidated houses in front of you may be the former residences of celebrities, after all, a hundred years ago, the drama masters Cheng Changgeng, Yu Jusheng, "communication masters" Xiao Fengxian and Sai Jinhua were once residents here.
Shaanxi Lane used to be the place where © Sai Jinhua and Xiao Fengxian lived
At the end of the hutong, a step away is Ji Xiaolan's Yuewei Caotang, but it has now been opened into Jinyang Restaurant, where the crispy duck is crispy and delicious, which is favored by customers.
Ji Xiaolan's former residence was originally the residence of Yue Fei's 21st generation Sun Yue Zhongqi, which was changed to a memorial hall in 2003 and opened to the public. © Figureworm creative
Confucian and romantic Xuannanshi culture
——Hufangqiao Station
Located south of Xuanwu Gate, The Hufang Bridge was originally the name of the bridge, which later evolved into the street name, and during the Ming Dynasty, this was the "tiger house" where the court raised tigers, and the original bridge entity no longer existed. Passing by Hufangqiao Station, you may notice a painting of a pottery panel in the subway station, which is based on the theme of "Haoqi Xuannan", reflecting the unique culture of scholars in modern Chinese history.
In the 32nd year of Ming Jiajing (1553 AD), when the outer city of Beijing was built, "Seven Fangs" were established, of which there was a "Xuannan Fang", from which the term "Xuannan" was derived, and Xuannan was roughly under the jurisdiction of the former Xuanwu District. The Xuannan culture in the narrow sense refers to the Han scholar culture of the Qing Dynasty Jingshi, which flourished in the Ming Dynasty and flourished in the Qing Dynasty. Due to the policy of dividing the flag people in the early Qing Dynasty, the southern city outside Xuanwu Gate became a place where Han scholars lived.
The original gate tower and city wall of Xuanwu Gate have been demolished, and the picture shows the Catholic Church inside Xuanwu Gate, which was the first church in Beijing. © Figureworm creative
Under the influence of the imperial examination policy, students from all provinces rushed to the Beijing Division and gathered in Xuannan, where local people and businesses in Beijing raised funds to purchase industries and build guild halls for students from the same villages who rushed to take the examination. According to the statistics of Xu Ke, a close friend, "Qing Barnyard Banknotes": "Or a province set up one, or a government set up a house, or a county set up a county, most of them are built according to the number of Beijing officials in various places, rich and poor, and there are more than 400 large and small offices." "In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, when the wind and rain were fluctuating, a group of revolutionary volunteers who were determined to change the law and become stronger gathered in Beijing to advocate smoking bans, plan for changes, run education, and revitalize the newspaper industry, and loudly shouted for the survival of the nation in the land of Xuannan and composed a magnificent poem.
From Hufang Bridge Station Exit D, 200 meters away is the famous Huguang Guild Hall. Huguang Guild Hall was founded in the twelfth year of Qing Jiaqing (1807 AD), and was mainly used to entertain people from Hunan and Hubei provinces who entered Beijing to participate in the examination. In the 10th year of Daoguang (1830 AD), a theater building was added, and celebrities in the former Qing Dynasty often gathered here to sing and sing. During the Guangxu period, it was not only a guild hall for people to live in, a theater building for entertainment, but also a position for people with lofty ideals to discuss good strategies for saving the country. Tan Xinpei, Yu Shuyan, Mei Lanfang and other famous pear garden masters have left wonderful performances on the gorgeous stage, and revolutionaries such as Sun Yat-sen, Tan Sitong, Kang Youwei, and Liang Qichao have also called for salvation here.
The stage of the theater building of the Huguang Guild Hall is square and open, and there is a plaque of "Neon Dress tong yong" hanging in the middle. © Figureworm creative
Today's Huguang Guild Hall is not only a performance place for appreciating art, but also an educational base for preserving cultural imprints. The palatial opera performances and cross-talk performances on the opera floor take turns, and the Beijing Opera Museum welcomes visitors from all over the world in the antique courtyard. If you are hungry, the Chu Qi Garden next to Wenchang Pavilion, which specializes in Hubei style, is also a good choice.
The Beijing Opera Museum presents the history of the development of Beijing opera to the audience with detailed and precious opera documents, cultural relics, pictures and audio-visual materials. © Figureworm creative
From the Huguang Guild Hall, all the way to the north, past Hufang Bridge Station, 800 meters away is Liulichang Culture Street. During the Yuan Dynasty, there were kiln factories that burned glazed bricks and tiles here, and later the kiln factories moved elsewhere, but the name "Liulichang" was retained. Culture Street originated in the Qing Dynasty, and in the early Qing Dynasty, it mainly engaged in two kinds of business, one is the book industry and the other is stationery supplies. A considerable part of the original books in Liulichang belonged to the category of "Lu Mo", that is, teaching and auxiliary books, and later some ancient books and rare books entered Liulichang. As for the rise of the cultural play market, it was after the middle of the Qing Dynasty.
In Qianlong, Liulichang had become a distribution center for antique calligraphy and paintings, ancient book inscriptions and the four treasures of the study room. © Figureworm creative
"Qiu Ma is a noble prince, and all the people who come and go are readers", Liulichang is a popular place for scholars and inkers. During the Qianlong period, when Ji Xiaolan was the chief editor of the Siku Quanshu, he exchanged books with the Liulichang Bookstore as the center, and for a while booksellers gathered, and the grandeur was unprecedented.
At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, because the Han people could only live in the outer city, and the Xuannan area was full of guild halls, most of the students who went to Beijing to catch the examination and the Han bureaucrats and doctors lived in this area, which also promoted the development of Liulichang Cultural Street. After the development of the cultural and play industry, due to the limitations of the times, the lack of awareness and measures for the protection of cultural relics, the phenomenon of cultural relics theft and excavation is very rampant, and many bronzes, steles, stone carvings, etc. have entered the circulation channels of the glass factory through abnormal channels. Historically, many cultural masters have had close ties with Liulichang, Weng Tonggong, Wu Changshuo, Guo Moruo, Xu Beihong, Qi Gong, etc. have all inscribed plaques on the shops of Liulichang, and Mr. Lu Xun has mentioned Liulichang more than 480 times in his diary.
The plaque of Jinchang is inscribed © by Qi Gong
If you don't have enough time, even if you go to see the flowers, you can feel the cultural atmosphere of the glass factory that has lasted for hundreds of years. The antique handicrafts of JiguGe, the celebrity calligraphy and painting of RongBaozhai, the ink of Yidege, the brush of Dai Yuexuan, the letterhead of Sibaotang, the old books of Chinese bookstores, books, calligraphy and painting, antiques, and the four treasures of the study room, there are always treasures that can hold your footsteps.
"Rongbaozhai", formerly known as "Songzhuzhai", has a history of more than 300 years. © Figureworm creative
A diverse landscape where ethnic and religious cultures collide and blend
——Caishikou Station
For many people, there is a slightly terrifying and terrifying story behind the market mouth, which is basically synonymous with "execution ground". In fact, the Ming Dynasty's "Caishikou" was a veritable "Caishikou" mouth, which was called "Caishi Street" at that time, and was the largest vegetable market in Beijing. In the Qing Dynasty, because the West Fourth Arch, which was the execution ground in the Ming Dynasty, was too close to the Forbidden City, the Caishikou, which was in the outer city and had a large flow of people, could play a role in killing a hundred people was set up as a punishment ground. Su Shun, the Six Gentlemen of Wu Shu, etc. have all completed the last journey of their lives here.
In the Qing Dynasty, some shackled prisoners completed the last journey of their lives at the mouth of the vegetable market. © Figureworm creative
In fact, Caishikou is not only a place of execution, but also a place where celebrities gather. Today's Caishikou due to urban construction, demolished many long-standing hutongs, one of which is called "Xiangxiang Hutong" and the other is called "North Half Cut Hutong". "XiangXiang Hutong" is said to be a false legend from the "Ropesmith Hutong". However, it did live here by some high-ranking and powerful people, such as Xu Weizhen, a university scholar of the Ming Dynasty, and Sun Yuwen, the military minister of the Qing Dynasty. In addition, Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang, Li Dazhao, Qiu Jin, Cai Yuanpei, etc. have all lived here. The "North Half Cut Hutong" was historically a gathering place for clan halls, such as the Jiangsu Guild Hall, which was once rumored to be the "villa" of Yan Shifan, and the Liuyang Guild Hall where Tan Sitong lived.
Although after years of change, many buildings in history have been demolished or completely unrecognizable, not far from Caishikou Station Exit D, there is a renovated guild hall - Shaoxing Guild Hall, where Mr. Lu Xun lived for seven years, and famous works such as "Diary of a Madman", "Kong Yiji" and "Medicine" were created here.
The classic image of "Kong Yiji" was created by Mr. Lu Xun during his residence at the Shaoxing Guild Hall. © Figureworm creative
One kilometer from Caishikou Station Exit D is the nearly 1,400-year-old Fayuan Temple. Originally named Mercy Temple, Fayuan Temple was built by Emperor Taizong of Tang to pay tribute to the fallen soldiers, but the temple was destroyed many times due to the continuous Liao-Song wars. Today's temple was rebuilt in the Liao Dynasty and rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, and renamed Fayuan Temple during the Qing Yongzheng period. This stormy thousand-year-old temple has witnessed many historical events, such as the rebellion of An Lushan in the Tang Dynasty, the imprisonment of Jin Bing here by Song Qinzong, and the corpse of the six gentlemen of Wushu after being killed. Today, it is home to the Highest School of Buddhist Buddhism in China, the Chinese Buddhist Academy. Every year in April, visiting Fawonsa Temple to see the cloves in full bloom is one of the "Three Flowers of Gyeonggi" that cannot be missed.
The blooming cloves are a must-see beauty © of Fayuan Temple
From Fayuan Temple, it takes about a 10-minute walk to the west to come to the Cow Street Prayer Temple. It is a Chinese-style mosque with a Han palace-style wooden structure and decorated in the Arabic architectural style, with a compact layout, a complete shape, and carved beams and paintings. After the construction of the Liao Shengzong in the thirteenth year (966), after many renovations, the existing main buildings were built in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The temple preserves a number of important cultural relics and inscriptions, among which two Arabic tombstones from the Yuan Dynasty and the "Book of Worship temples" inscribed in Han and Arabic scripts during the Ming Dynasty are important physical materials for studying the history of Islam.
Cow Street Prayer Temple is a typical Chinese style mosque © tu worm creative
The road in front of the Niujie Prayer Temple is Niujie Street, surrounded by the largest Muslim settlement in Beijing, around the Song and Yuan dynasties, Muslims from Central Asia gradually settled here, after nearly a thousand years of development to form today's Niujie community. There are a number of long-established restaurants to choose from around Niu Street, the beef grains of Hongji Snack Bar are fresh and fragrant, the five-spiced roast beef and mutton sandwiches with old explosive belly are cheap and cheap, the various rice cakes of rice cakes and plums are sweet and delicious, and the hand-cut fresh lamb of Jubaoyuan is tender and not smelly. If you are not afraid of tiredness, you can come to a visit to the shop, although the small shops in the surrounding hutongs are not very famous, but each has its own unique skills, affordable and delicious.
Jubaoyuan's hand-cut fresh lamb is tender and not steamy, and it is a good product for shabu-shabu. © Figureworm creative
From the Temple of Heaven to the Cow Street, one end once staged the most solemn royal ceremony, and the other end had the most vivid and mixed city atmosphere. Today, they are connected by a metro line that takes only 9 minutes to cross. In ancient times, all the foreigners, foreigners and passers-by who were blocked out of the inner city of Beijing jointly shaped the living and fragrant Nancheng; these former foreigners and foreigners, their descendants have become the heaviest locals in Beijing today. This area, far from the high-end residences and exquisite life in the North City, has become a business card of Beijing's traditional culture, and it is worth your tolerance for its hustle and bustle, calm down and slowly taste it.
bibliography:
[1] Yue Shengyang, Huang Zonghan, Wei Quan, "Xuannan Qing Dynasty Jingshi Residential Area Research", Beijing Yanshan Publishing House, 2012.
[2] Zhao Heng and Li Changwei, "A Century of Old Traces, Zhao Heng on Beijing", Sanlian Bookstore, 2016.
Wen 丨 Chen Manfei
Text Editor 丨 Chen Manfei
Picture editor 丨 Little Tiger
Seal picture 丨 Figure worm creative
This article is original by Huaxia Fengwu, unauthorized, please do not reprint
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