Papro's monologue
Editor|Papro's monologue
Spain was in turmoil from 711, when the Muslim general Targok invaded Visigothic Spain, until the Umayyad dynasty came to power in 756.
While the Musa garrison was in Serbia, the Jews who survived the persecution of the Visigoths welcomed them as liberators who had crushed the brutal rule of Christianity. "The Muslim occupiers, in gratitude to the Jews, entrusted them with conquering the city. Therefore, the Jews, as a minority, were trusted from the very beginning in Muslim-ruled Spain.
Center transfer
In the second half of the 11th century, the center of Jewry in the Iberian Peninsula gradually moved to northern Spain and Portugal. After the monarchs of the Christian countries recaptured the provinces south of the Pyrenees, the situation of the Jews here did not change much. Like the Muslim provinces of the south, internal rivalries and foreign wars determined the political climate of the Christian court in the north.
The king often saw the Jews as trusted allies. In addition, the Jews showed their ingenuity in rebuilding and developing backward areas that had been recaptured by the Christian countries, and refugees from the south also brought their experience in agriculture and handicrafts to the north, fleeing the fighting of the Murabit and Muwahid armies.
Jews also serve Catholics as state activists, advisors, and doctors, just as they used to serve Muslims. Because Jews at the time were fluent in Arabic, they were often sent to Muslim countries as court envoys in Christian countries.
In addition, Jews also play a particularly important role in cultural life, and Jewish scholars are known as astronomers and inventors of navigational instruments.
However, this special status gradually aroused the hatred of the Christian church. After the death of Alfonso VI of Castile and Reón in 1109, serious events occurred in Toledo about the persecution of the Jews. Later, other Jewish ghettos were also hit. The Church, fearing that Catholics would be too influenced by Jews in their living customs, forced the enforcement of the Lateran Council's decree on the separation of Catholics from Jews.
As the Reconquista to expel Muslims from the Catholic kingdom of Spain progressed, so did the Lake of Judah. In 1391, the Spaniards launched a massive wave of anti-Semitism.
Essiha's vicarpure, Ferrand Martinez, incited the crowd to violence against Jews, and the wave of hatred of Jews spread to many cities in Castile and the Kingdom of Arrapage. Some ghettos were razed to the ground during the riots, while others were looted or burned down.
Loss of all civil and economic rights
There is also a means of persecution by declaring them deprived of all civil and economic rights. Faced with this grave threat, many Jews succumbed to what seemed inevitable and converted to Catholicism. When the crisis passed, some converts reverted to Judaism.
However, there were a few who expressed devotion to the new religion, and some of them even went on to senior positions in the Catholic Church, such as Pablo de Santa Maria, Solomonha Levi, who became bishop of Burgos. He pioneered the torment of his former fellow religious people.
Or Jo-Shua of Lorca, who attended a public debate in Tortosa in 1414 and declared Talmud guilty.
In 1479, after the formal union of the Christian kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, King Ferdinand and Isabella regarded the expulsion of Jews as one of their most sacred obligations to establish a new state of pure Christianity in the Iberian Peninsula.
The Jews, as pagans, were destroyed. The Spanish rulers purged Jews from state institutions and treated them like other European monarchs. In 1481, 400,000 Jews were tried and 30,000 were put to death.
By 1492, a large number of Jews had been deported, forming a social trend. Dinan and Isabella were not apprehensive about the help of the Jews to the invaders during the Arazan invasion, completely ignoring the unparalleled contribution of the Jews to the incivility of Spain, and viewing the Jews only as allies of their former enemies.
Moreover, Isabella had long promised Tomas de Torquemada (1420-1498, Dominican priest in Spain) that she would do her best to eradicate heresy as soon as she ascended the throne. Thanks to the Catholic king's salvation, the Jews were ordered to leave Spain in a very short period of time.
They were forced to hurry into exile after hastily cleaning up their affairs, leaving the country where their ancestors had lived for generations. All that remained were Jews who had converted to Christianity, the Malanas, and Muslims, who had also become Catholics, known as converts
In European history, it is often seen in the case of internal rivalries over the war that could eventually lead to the persecution of Jews. The Catholic Church, in particular, always tried to convince secular rulers in a subtle and indirect way that expulsion or annihilation was the wisest way to stabilize its institutions. But the question is, why did Spain use such brutal violence to hunt down and drive away Jews?
A group or individual defines itself to a large extent by making it perceive the nearest "other" of the threat. The Western Teeth, which had not achieved political unity in the 15th century, still felt the ubiquitous Arab and Jewish influences.
Perhaps in Queen Isabella's mind, the unity of the territory must be guaranteed by the absolute integration of races in order to truly achieve integrity. It is only through fundamental ethnic and cultural cleansing that the past can be truly reckoned with and the future secured. The Lecongista movement is seen not only as a war for national freedom, but also as a holy war, with a special sacredness.
Its sanctity and accompanying national identity were naturally threatened by the remaining Muslims and Jews of the kingdom, especially by secret Jews and Muslims. In the imagination of nationalists and Catholics, there is a large number of "duplicitous" who simply pretend to be Spaniards and Catholics.
Therefore, people have high hopes for all those who are pure in blood and truly believe in Jesus Christ, while the rest are regarded as dubious elements with no face and will be driven away.
National interests, religious ideas, and centuries of brutal warfare against foreign enemies have allowed extreme sentiments mixed with narrow national and national factors to flourish to an inappropriate degree.
If after the Hundred Years' War between Britain and France the two peoples consolidated and strengthened their national consciousness in their respective national languages, Spain adopted another less acceptable method: expelling and persecuting Arabs and Jews in its territory.
Through large-scale expulsions, the Spaniards deepened the "recognition" between the Mu and foreign races and strengthened their national consciousness. So to some extent, this is also a link in the process of the formation of the Spanish nation.
Along with the wave of expulsions, one ship after another carried away countless wise men, poets and skilled craftsmen in Spain.
Harsh religious ideas
In this way, the narrow cultural vision and harsh religious concepts sent prosperity that was once ahead of Europe, deprived Spain of its most valuable human resources, and also left a heavy shadow on Spain's unified culture, missing an important opportunity to make history.
However, history is not without traces, and what has existed and happened in this land, even if it turns into dirt and dust, will give birth to new life in a new cycle. In the long run, the historic impact of the Jews and Muslims who once hated the Iberian Peninsula on the Spanish nation will be indelible.
Since setting foot on this new land in the first half of the 8th century, Arabs have been migrating to the Iberian Peninsula. In 800 AD, Arabs in Spain accounted for only 8% of the total population of Spain, after 100 years it had reached 25%, in 950 it had increased to 50%, and by 1000 it was as much as 75% of the total population at that time.
When the Arabs first arrived on the peninsula, they did not carry a chamber, and they married local women. This large-scale interracial marriage has once again made the Spanish nation experience the integration of race and culture.
Muslim-ruled Spain, which once occupied more than 50% of the Iberian Peninsula,0 supported a large population at the time thanks to its advanced agricultural techniques. It was not until many years later that other Europeans reached the level of prosperity that Muslims once enjoyed in Andalusia.
The food introduced by the Monte Arabs is still the daily food of most Hispanic practitioners today. There are still about 4,000 Arabic words spoken by contemporary Spaniards. Many of the Spanish words related to administration, irrigation, mathematics, construction and medicine can be traced back to Arabic.
Muslims brought cotton to the Iberian Peninsula, and the Spanish word for cotton lgodon, comes from the Arabic alqutn. They also developed a silk industry in Andalusia, which made Nago one of the main regions for silk production in the Middle Ages, and the fine silk that European countries once proud of came from the hands of the Arabs there.
Muslims created an irrigation system throughout Andalusia, and it was this complex network of canals that guaranteed a bountiful harvest of crops. The Valencian Irrigated Plain was one of the many regions in Spain at the time that benefited from Muslim agricultural techniques. In southern Spain, the miracles performed by Muslims have been called paradise on earth by historians.
M. Defourneaux wrote in his book Everyday Life in Spain in the Golden Age of Spain: "The most commendable place is in the area of Granada, where the Moors lived for a long time in this kingdom of origin.
They draw water from the snow-covered hillsides through canals and tunnels to water the plains and the flower-filled slopes around them, making it one of the most beautiful places in the world. ”
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