Among the vast sea of historical celebrities, the name "Guo Xuan" may not even be a dime, but in the Qing Dynasty, he was greatly famous, and he was also specially written by the "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty".
Guo Xiao (1638-1715), also spelled Ruifu, was a native of Guojia Lane, Jimo County, Qingzhou (present-day Jimo District, Qingdao, Shandong). During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, he was a famous Qing official, who was honest, honest, diligent and capable, and also "good at judging suspicious cases". What is particularly valuable is that during his tenure as an inspector, he was not afraid of the magnates, and was known as the "Iron Mask Imperial History".
He moved the world with his name of three impeachments, left his name in the annals of history, attacked the corruption of corrupt officials and corrupt officials, and the unhealthy trend of forming parties for personal gain, and made indispensable contributions to the "prosperous era of Kangqian."
When he first did great things, he was not even a seven-pin sesame official (inspector of imperial history), but whether it was a courtier or a prince and nobleman, he talked about discoloration.
The fact that he was written in the "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty" was that he overthrew three important ministers of Kangxi through the "Three Great Neglects".
The first person planted in front of this "Iron Mask Imperial History" was a minister named Jin Fu. Jin Fu was the governor of the river at the time, an expert in river management, who was deeply valued by Kangxi. Kangxi himself attached great importance to the management of the river and had great trust in the governor of the river.
Since Jin Fu became the governor of Hedao, he has lived up to Kangxi's high expectations and done a lot of practical things in his own work. He appointed Chen Huang, a non-governmental expert on river management, and adopted a new method to manage the river, achieving certain results.
However, because the governance method he adopted was different from the traditional method, many people were not accustomed to it and expressed their opposition. Especially when he clashed with Kangxi's claims, the ministers sided with the emperor indiscriminately, even if the emperor was wrong. It's not enough to just stand in line, it's best to hurt this "ignorant" guy.
This task, of course, fell on the shoulders of the inspector Yushi. In the twenty-seventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1688), Guo Xuan made a visit to the imperial court, called "Shanhe Chenshu". The central idea was that Jin Fu, the governor of the river, "improperly managed the river with the support of Hubu Shangshu Flun, which trapped the Jiangnan region from flooding and the people complained bitterly."
As soon as jin fu was dismissed, Hubu Shangshu Fulun was also demoted. Later, some people said that Jin Fu was wronged by the reference, but that was another topic, and it is not listed here.
The next big thing Guo Xuan did was to overthrow the Heavy Minister Pearl. As early as the third year of Kangxi, Mingzhu became the boss in charge of court affairs, the chief of internal affairs, eleven years later became the official Shangshu, Kangxi was awarded the title of Wuyingdian University Scholar in the sixteenth year, and soon after he was crowned Prince Taishi, the power fell to the opposition.
Mingzhu really became a red and relied minister of kangxi because of his great achievements in the discussion of the withdrawal of San Francisco. The so-called great merit is only his resolute support for the withdrawal of the domain, and his proposition is "very much in line with the will", so that Kangxi said in front of the ministers: "Only Nalan Mingzhu does things in line with the ideas of Yuan." ”
However, this "minister of the stock" failed to live up to the emperor's great love, and began not to follow the right path in the face of favor, which was mainly manifested in forming parties for personal gain, excluding dissidents, embezzling and accepting bribes, monopolizing the government and government, and being self-sufficient, resulting in "inside and outside the government and the public, up and down the court, sneaking around, taking bribes and gifts, avoiding upright ministers, and promoting and promoting traitors."
At that time, Guo Xuan had been promoted to the imperial history of the capital of You, almost entering the ranks of high-ranking officials, from barefoot to wearing shoes. He targeted such an emperor's favored subjects, which was a great risk, and if he was an ordinary person, most of them turned a blind eye, and more was better than less.
And it turns out that this is indeed the case, there are so many people who are engaged in supervision, how many people have the courage to stand up and touch the egg and touch the stone? However, Guo Xuan had the courage to do so, and he took out the arrogance of not having to go from being a shoe-wearer to a barefoot, and resolutely went to a dredge called "Correction of Ministers" to impeach Wu Yingdian University Shi Mingzhu and Yu Guozhu, who were "scorching with flames and brilliant miles".
What is even more amazing is that Guo Xuan seems to deliberately test how serious the consequences of offending this kind of favored courtier are, not only impeaching him, but also making copies of Mingzhu's 11 major crimes as Mingzhu's birthday gifts and personally sending them to the door.
In the twenty-seventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty, on the 53rd birthday of Lord Mingzhu, the Pearl Mansion was very lively, the guests were full of doors, and the greeting gifts were received softly. The pearl with a red face sat in the middle hall and accepted the guests to worship. Of course, not all of the people who come to pay homage to Shou are dignitaries, but there are also unpopular characters, such as Guo Xuan, who everyone hates and even hates.
However, for the arrival of Guo Xiao, in addition to a little accident, Mingzhu's heart is more proud: your surname Guo is not straight, upright, did not expect to "bow" to my pearl, welcome, warm welcome! What the? You also brought gifts? Who doesn't know that you are honest and incorruptible, so poor that you wear patched clothes... But since you brought it, you can't accept it, I can't punch you in the face! The people who came were all guests, and even the people who flew around were also going to talk about basic politeness, so Mingzhu got up and gave Guo Xuan a glass of wine, and Guo Xuan was not polite, took a drink and drank it all, and then didn't say anything, and left without anyone waving his sleeves. How could this man be like this? Mingzhu didn't feel right, and let people bring Guo Xuan's gift list.
The gift list was brought, and when Mingzhu looked at it, his face was suddenly blue and sweat was raining down - where was the gift list, which was a copy of the 11 major crimes of impeachment!
There was no time to wipe it from the sweat on his face, and the Holy Will came again. Hearing the shouting, the pearl who knew that it was not good suddenly passed out... The result of Mingzhu's impeachment by Guo Xuan was not him alone, but the entire Mingzhu group, and Mingzhu, Fo Lun, Yu Guozhu and others were all deposed. The next person to be overthrown by Guo Xuan was Gao Shiqi.
This man's greatest skill is to write well and write well, and Kangxi liked it very much, and let him work in the South Study. The South Study Room was a place where the Emperor studied cultural knowledge, and Kangxi let him work in the South Study Room, in fact, he let him be his teacher, the so-called "sermons and papers", and also let him write secret instructions.
Without full trust, could Kangxi ask him to do this? Gao Shiqi's learning, which was not said, was also taught to Kangxi, a "student", which made Kangxi Long's heart very happy, and everyone said: "Deshiqi, I know the path of learning." "This compliment, that's higher than Mount Everest!"
Kangxi's reward for this mentor and friend was certainly not thin, in addition to often rewarding gold and silver items, he often let him accompany him to eat with him. However, such a cattle man, in the face of Guo Xiao's impeachment, still has no temper. Many people have a problem, that is, they cannot be favored, once they are favored, they do not know their own weight, in addition to the emperor, he is the boss, and no one can do anything with him.
This Gao Shiqi did not escape this "law", the emperor's favor led to his increasing arrogance, and zuo du yushi wang Weide and other people colluded, and engaged in swaggering and deception, so that the people who asked him to "do things" squeezed the door, if anyone did not come to filial piety, then wait and see, the Manchu dynasty officials were afraid of the tiger, but they had to spend money to buy peace.
It is said that one day in the twenty-eighth year of Kangxi, Kangxi was in a good mood, and after work, he came to the South Study, and as usual, he and Gao Shiqi swung the Dragon Gate Array, astronomical geography, talked about poetry papers, the more he talked, the happier he was, and when it was time to eat, he did not let Lao Gao go home, and the two Junchen and the two of them ate lunch in the South Study and continued to chat.
Eating and chatting, chatting and eating, I suddenly heard the eunuch shouting: "Du Yushi Guo Xuan asked to see!" Kangxi did not like to see other people at dinner, but Guo Xuan was not an ordinary counselor, and he was annoyed, and the Heavenly King Lao Tzu also wanted to participate in a book, so he had to "break the rules" to summon him. It turned out that Guo Xuan had come to present the fold.
He took out the fold from his sleeve, and When Kangxi looked at it, he saw that it read: "The minister Yushi Guoxuan, the chaquan minister Gao Shiqi..." Gao Shiqi naturally did not know that this was to participate in him, and also listed four major crimes, and wanted to come over to see, Kangxi raised his hand and did not let him see. "What Guo Qing said is extremely true, and it should be dealt with seriously." After watching Guo Xuan's recital and sending Guo Xuan away, Kangxi handed the recital to Gao Shiqi: "Gao Qing, what do you think this case should be rectified?" Gao Shiqi saw the folds, and prostrated his head in a hurry, breaking his scalp, and the blood stained the square bricks red.
After all, there was a teacher-student friendship, Kangxi could not bear to be serious, sighed and said: "Leave the crown belt behind, go home to farm." ”
Gao Shiqi was finished, and his nemesis Wang Weide and others naturally did not have a good end, and all of them lost their posts and were dismissed from their posts and investigated. 04 After doing these three things, Guo Xuan received two nicknames, one was "The Minister of bone fish" and the other was "Guo Sanben". These three major books of Guo Xiaoshan have been given extremely high praise by later generations, especially the latter two, and some people even say that they are indispensable to the "prosperous life of Kangqian", because they have effectively cracked down on corrupt practices, such as forming parties for personal gain.
Guo Xiao himself is also famous in history because of this famous "three major omissions". However, "the straight road is difficult, but it is not bad", the magnates who were overthrown by him did not forget to take revenge for a moment, especially the Yu Party of the Pearl, who did not want to eat his flesh and sleep on his skin at any time, and fought back madly at the first opportunity, Guo Xuan was soon framed by him and deposed, and died of illness in his hometown at the age of seventy-eight in the early march of the fifty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1715).
It is worth mentioning that such an iron-faced and selfless Qing official was also greedy when he was Wu Jiangling in the eighteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, because his superior Yu Guozhu was too greedy, and he had to get money to fill the holes. He himself did not shy away from this disgraceful history, and said with vigor and eloquence: "If I do not fill his hole, I will lose my official position, and then I will not be able to serve the people." Why did he not become corrupt later, and he became a clean official who specialized in "rectifying" corruption and corruption? This has a lot to do with his later boss. His boss, named Tang Bin, got two nicknames because he lived frugally like a beggar, one called "Tofu Soup" and the other called "Yang Qiu Gong".
"Tofu soup" is well understood, which means that he has never been extravagant in his life, and eating tofu is even a tooth sacrifice. What does "Sheep Qiu Gong" mean? It turned out that he not only ate badly, but also dressed badly, often wearing a tattered sheep fur and looking like a beggar.
When Tang Bin died, all the property was only 8 taels of silver, and it was not enough to do the funeral, and finally his friend collected 20 taels of silver to complete the funeral - twenty gold, but it can be a funeral. People can affect the environment, but the environment seems to be more able to affect people, "near Zhu is red, near ink is black", the ancients have long seen this thoroughly. It is his good fortune for an official to meet a superior who leads by example, and if he himself can be a superior who leads by example, it is not only his own luck, but also the luck of the country, the society, and the people.